What Can You Do With a Military Science Degree for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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The number of students graduating with military science–aligned degrees in the United States is declining by 28.7%. This steep drop highlights how few people pursue this specialized academic path and how little clear guidance exists for those who consider it.

Aspiring military leaders, veterans, and civilians interested in defense or strategic policy often struggle to find reliable information about the value and application of these degrees. This guide, prepared by career planning experts with over a decade of experience, addresses that gap by breaking down what military science and military studies programs offer, both within and beyond military service.

Key Things to Know About Military Science Degrees

• Military science degrees are specialized, including military studies, applied sciences, and leadership training, often linked with ROTC programs. These degrees combine academic learning with practical skills relevant to military and civilian careers.
• Most military science degree programs take about four years to complete, consistent with typical bachelor’s degrees. Some accelerated or online options may shorten this timeline, but are less common.
• Fewer students are graduating with military science degrees. This limited graduate pool emphasizes the niche and competitive nature of the field.
• The job market for military science graduates is expected to grow about 5% over the next decade, particularly in defense, cybersecurity, and government sectors. Career paths include military officer roles, federal agencies, homeland security, and private defense contracting.

Table of Contents

1. What is a military science degree?
2. How long does a military science degree take and what will you study?
3. What are the differences between online and on-campus programs?
4. What are the admissions requirements and specializations?
5. How much does a military science degree cost and what are your financial aid options?
6. How can you choose the right military science program?
7. How much can you earn with a military science degree?
8. What military careers can you pursue with this degree?
9. What challenges should be considered when pursuing a military science degree?
10. Can military science graduates transition into social work roles?
11. Can a Military Science Degree Boost Your Path to a PsyD?
12. What civilian jobs can you get with a military science degree?
13. Can you continue your education after earning this degree?
14. What is the job outlook for military science graduates?
15. Other Things You Should Know About Military Science Degrees

What is a military science degree?

A military science degree is an interdisciplinary program that explores the structure, strategy, and operations of the armed forces, along with leadership development and national defense policy. It’s designed for students interested in careers in the military, intelligence, law enforcement, or related sectors.

While many students pursue this degree to become commissioned officers through Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC), others use it as a foundation for civilian roles in security, policy, or defense analysis.

Key features of a military science degree

• Interdisciplinary curriculum Students study subjects like leadership theory, military history, national security, political science, and ethics. Programs often include courses in strategy, logistics, and organizational behavior.
• Leadership and field training Many programs—especially those paired with ROTC—offer leadership labs, field exercises, and summer training to simulate military decision-making and operational planning.
• Civilians and service members welcome Though associated with the military, many programs are open to civilian students. Prior military experience is not required, and some institutions offer academic credit for service-related training.
• Preparation for diverse careers Graduates can pursue officer commissioning, federal agency roles, or private sector positions in corporate security, defense contracting, or crisis management.
• Program formats Military science degrees are available in traditional, on-campus settings and increasingly through online or hybrid models to accommodate working professionals or active-duty personnel.

This degree typically follows a standard four-year college timeline, with the first two years covering general education and introductory courses, and the final two years focused on advanced military science coursework and specialization opportunities.

How long does a military science degree take and what will you study?

A bachelor’s degree in military science generally follows the regular four-year college timeline, though some students may finish faster with transfer credits or accelerated programs. The curriculum blends academic study with leadership development and practical training, especially for those enrolled in ROTC.

Typical timeline

• Years 1–2: Students complete general education requirements along with introductory military science courses, such as U.S. military history, foundations of leadership, and physical training.
• Years 3–4: Coursework becomes more specialized, focusing on advanced leadership, military tactics, national defense policy, and operational planning. Students in ROTC may also take on leadership roles within their unit.

Most programs require 120 credit hours, with a mix of classroom instruction, leadership labs, and, if applicable, field exercises or summer training sessions.

Sample courses

Courses vary by program but often include:

• Military Leadership and Ethics

• US Military History

• National Security and Strategy
• Defense Resource Management
• Small Unit Tactics
• Joint Operations and Planning
• Civil-Military Relations

Specialized tracks

Some schools offer optional concentrations such as:

• Intelligence and National Security
• Cyber Operations
• Emergency and Disaster Management
• International Relations

Career preparation

The curriculum is designed to prepare students for a variety of careers, both in uniform and out. Whether a student is pursuing officer commissioning or is interested in defense consulting, the program provides foundational skills for success.

This degree can also provide a strong starting point for students considering a bounty hunter career path, especially those planning to transition into law enforcement or private sector security roles after military service.

What are the differences between online and on-campus programs?

Military science degrees are traditionally offered on campus, particularly at universities with Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) programs. However, some institutions now offer online options that provide greater flexibility, especially for working adults or service members.

On-campus programs

Attending in person gives students access to:

• ROTC leadership labs and field training exercises
• Military-focused clubs and events
• Direct mentorship from ROTC officers and instructors
• Networking opportunities with peers pursuing military careers

These experiences are especially valuable for students planning to commission as officers upon graduation.

Online programs

Online military science programs typically focus on coursework in military history, leadership, and national security. They may be ideal for:

• Active-duty personnel stationed away from a university
• Veterans looking to transition to civilian roles
• Students seeking flexibility to balance work or family responsibilities

While these programs often lack the physical training elements of ROTC, they can still deliver strong academic foundations and leadership preparation.

Cost considerations

The average annual cost of attending college varies widely by school type and location. Public in-state tuition may be significantly lower than out-of-state or private institutions. Online programs can also reduce costs related to housing, commuting, and campus fees, though ROTC scholarships may be more commonly applied to in-person enrollment.

What can you specialize in with a military science degree?

While a military science degree provides broad foundational knowledge in leadership, strategy, and national defense, many programs allow students to specialize in areas that align with specific military branches or evolving career demands, both in and out of uniform.

Branch-Focused Specializations

These concentrations are designed to mirror the operational needs and missions of specific military branches:

• Army Leadership and Tactics Focuses on ground operations, unit command, and counterinsurgency strategy. Ideal for aspiring Army officers or ROTC cadets.
• Naval and Maritime Operations Emphasizes sea power, naval history, and amphibious warfare—suitable for those interested in the Navy or Marine Corps.
• Aerospace and Strategic Air Operations Covers air combat doctrine, aerial navigation, and logistics. Relevant to Air Force careers or roles involving drone and satellite coordination.
• Intelligence and Security Studies Prepares students for roles in intelligence gathering, threat analysis, and information warfare. A solid foundation for military intelligence or homeland security jobs.
• Emergency and Disaster Management Combines planning, logistics, and coordination for crisis response. Valuable in both military and civilian disaster relief operations.

 Emerging and Interdisciplinary Specializations

As military challenges evolve, some programs now offer concentrations that reflect modern warfare and technological advancements:

• Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Trains students to defend against digital threats and conduct cyber operations—a top priority in all military branches.
• Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems Explores the role of AI in surveillance, combat, and logistics. A forward-looking choice for tech-savvy recruits.
• Psychological Operations (PsyOps) Focuses on influencing foreign populations and managing information campaigns. Often paired with behavioral science or communications.
• Space Operations and Defense Strategy Includes orbital mechanics, satellite systems, and space law. Aimed at those looking to join or work with the US Space Force.
• Environmental Security and Resource Conflict Examines how climate change and resource scarcity drive conflict. Relevant to military policy planning and humanitarian missions.
• Cultural Intelligence and Foreign Area Studies Teaches geopolitical awareness, language, and regional expertise—useful in diplomacy, special operations, or foreign service roles.

While admission to a military science bachelor’s program is relatively straightforward, often requiring only a high school diploma or ROTC commitment, it’s helpful to contrast it with more complex processes like how to get your PhD in psychology, which demand research proposals, advanced coursework, and competitive entry standards.

Whether you're aiming for a career in active service, national security, or the growing landscape of military-adjacent technology and intelligence fields, choosing the right specialization can shape your academic focus and long-term goals. With options ranging from traditional leadership roles to cutting-edge areas like cyber warfare and AI, a military science degree offers flexible pathways tailored to both today’s and tomorrow’s defense challenges.

How much does a military science degree cost and what are your financial aid options?

The cost of earning a military science degree can vary widely depending on the type of school, your residency status, and whether you attend online or on campus. Here’s what you need to know to budget wisely and explore your funding options.

Tuition and Other Expenses

• Public universities (in-state): $9,000–$12,000 per year on average
• Public universities (out-of-state): $20,000–$25,000+ annually
• Private colleges: $30,000–$50,000+ per year
• Online programs: May offer lower per-credit costs and reduced fees

Keep in mind additional costs such as books, technology, travel, or room and board if you live on campus.

Military and ROTC Benefits

Many students pursuing military science degrees take advantage of funding tied to service commitments:

• ROTC Scholarships Cover full tuition, fees, books, and include a monthly stipend. Available through Army, Navy/Marine Corps, and Air Force ROTC programs.
• GI Bill® Provides substantial support for tuition, housing, and books for eligible veterans and service members.
• Tuition Assistance (TA) Active-duty military personnel may receive up to 100% tuition coverage (limits apply) for courses taken while in service.

Other Financial Aid Options

• Federal aid: Complete the FAFSA to apply for Pell Grants, subsidized loans, and work-study.
• State and school-based aid: Many institutions offer merit or need-based grants and scholarships.
• Military spouse and dependent aid: Programs like MyCAA or state-specific scholarships can help reduce costs for families of service members.

Just as students in an affordable sterile processing technician certification online program seek value and financial flexibility, military science majors can access ROTC scholarships, tuition waivers, and veterans’ benefits. Exploring aid options early can significantly reduce the cost of earning this versatile degree.

Students should consult the financial aid office of their chosen institution and explore military-specific resources like the VA's GI Bill Comparison Tool to maximize their funding options.

How can you choose the right military science program?

Not all military science programs are created equal. Whether you're planning to serve in the armed forces or looking to work in defense-related industries, selecting the right program is crucial for reaching your academic and career goals. Here are some key factors to consider when comparing schools:

Program Focus and Curriculum

Different schools may emphasize different aspects of military science, from leadership and logistics to cybersecurity and international affairs. Ask yourself:

• Does the program offer the specialization you're interested in?
• Are courses aligned with your career goals (e.g., officer training, intelligence, strategic planning)?
• Is there an ROTC component or a strong military training culture?

Accreditation and Reputation

Choose a regionally accredited institution to ensure quality education and eligibility for financial aid. Also consider:

• Faculty experience in military or defense sectors
• Program rankings or reviews from alumni
• Partnerships with military branches or government agencies

Format and Flexibility

Are you looking for an on-campus experience or need the flexibility of online study? Some programs offer hybrid models or fully remote learning. Consider:

• Online vs. on-campus course availability
• Scheduling flexibility for working students or active-duty personnel
• Support services like academic advising, tutoring, or veteran resources

Career Support and Outcomes

Strong career support can make a big difference post-graduation. Look into:

• Internship opportunities with military or defense organizations
• Job placement rates or alumni career paths
• Access to networking events, veteran groups, or security clearance preparation

Choosing a military science program is about more than just location or tuition—it’s about aligning with a school that supports your goals, both in service and beyond. Research thoroughly, talk to current students or alumni if possible, and consider how each program can help launch the next phase of your journey.

What military careers can you pursue with this degree?

A military science degree unlocks a variety of uniformed-service roles, both on active duty and in reserve components, by equipping you with leadership, strategic planning, and operational skills.

Commissioned officer tracks

• Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force Graduates can commission as second lieutenants or ensigns via ROTC or officer training programs.
• National Guard & Reserves Part-time service options allow you to serve locally while pursuing civilian life.

Specialized military pathways

• Intelligence officer Analyze threat data, manage security clearances, and support mission planning. Many graduates who pursue this path explore how to become a CIA agent, leveraging their background in intelligence studies and national security policy to compete for positions in the Agency’s Directorate of Operations.
• Logistics and supply chain officer Coordinate the movement of personnel, equipment, and resources, critical for any deployment.
• Cyber operations officer Defend against cyber threats and direct offensive cyber missions in collaboration with the Service’s cyber commands.

Leadership and staff roles

Beyond direct command, military science grads often fill key staff positions at battalion, wing, or fleet levels, contributing to doctrine development, training design, and joint operations coordination.

How much can you earn with a military science degree?

A degree in military science can lead to a wide range of career opportunities, both in the military and in civilian sectors, with salaries varying based on role, experience, and location.

For those pursuing a military path, graduates often become commissioned officers through ROTC or a service academy. Starting salaries for second lieutenants (O-1) range from approximately $41,000 to $55,000 in base pay, with total compensation—including housing and food allowances—reaching $60,000 to $80,000 or more.

As officers gain experience and rank, salaries increase significantly; captains (O-3) can earn between $70,000 and $90,000+ in total compensation, while majors and higher-ranking officers can earn $100,000 to $150,000 or more annually.

In civilian careers, military science graduates can find roles in homeland security, emergency management, law enforcement, intelligence, and defense contracting. Salaries in these fields vary widely: professionals in homeland security or emergency management typically earn between $50,000 and $95,000 per year. Meanwhile, choosing the law enforcement officers or homicide detective career path may get you $50,000 to $90,000 each year.

Federal agents, intelligence analysts, and FBI personnel can make between $60,000 and $110,000 or more.

Defense contractors, security consultants, and professionals in private risk management may see earnings ranging from $70,000 to over $120,000 annually.

What challenges should be considered when pursuing a military science degree?

Prospective students must assess several key challenges before enrolling in a military science program. Rigorous academic and physical requirements demand strong time management and resilience, as the curriculum blends classroom theory with intensive fieldwork and leadership training. Additionally, transitioning from a structured military environment to diverse civilian roles can require supplementary certifications or specialized study to bridge any skills gaps. For instance, if your interests evolve toward social services or community support, exploring the cheapest online MSW programs may provide a strategic pathway to enhance your qualifications.

Can military science graduates transition into social work roles?

Military science graduates possess leadership, crisis management, and strategic planning skills that can be effectively applied within the realm of social services. These competencies support roles in veteran support, community crisis intervention, or policy implementation where clear communication and structured problem-solving are essential. Specialized graduate pathways in social work build on these foundational skills by focusing on behavioral health, client advocacy, and evidence-based practices. For those looking to bridge military expertise with social service leadership, exploring options like LCSW online programs can offer targeted, flexible coursework that aligns with both disciplinary strengths and emerging community needs.

Can a Military Science Degree Boost Your Path to a PsyD?

Military science programs cultivate analytical thinking, disciplined decision-making, and crisis management skills that can translate well into advanced studies in psychology. These competencies are invaluable when entering rigorous clinical training and research environments. For graduates considering a transition into mental health or clinical practice, the strategic mindset developed through military science can enhance the ability to assess complex behavioral challenges and apply evidence-based interventions. Exploring opportunities such as accredited online PsyD programs may offer a specialized pathway that leverages your leadership experience and structured problem-solving to succeed in a psychology career.

What civilian jobs can you get with a military science degree?

A military science degree doesn’t just prepare you for military leadership—it also transfers well into civilian sectors where strategic thinking, leadership, and logistics are in demand. Veterans and non-military graduates alike often find fulfilling roles in both government and private industries.

Government and federal roles

• Defense contractors: Work for companies like Raytheon or Lockheed Martin in operations, logistics, or strategic analysis.
• Law enforcement and homeland security: Your knowledge of command structure and tactical planning translates to police, federal agencies, or emergency management roles.
• Department of Defense (DoD): Civilian analyst roles in intelligence, foreign affairs, or training management.

Private sector opportunities

• Project management: Lead cross-functional teams, especially in construction, manufacturing, and defense-adjacent fields.
• Corporate security: Manage threat assessments and implement safety protocols for large organizations.
• Information systems and IT roles: Those with a concentration in technology or logistics often pursue roles as systems analysts. But what is a systems analyst, exactly? These professionals evaluate and optimize a company’s IT infrastructure, making sure that networks, software, and workflows support broader business goals.

Nonprofit and consulting

• Use your leadership and communication skills to serve veteran-focused nonprofits or consult with businesses navigating federal contracts or operational risk management.

Military science graduates can pursue roles in government, security, and logistics—paths not unlike those available through a low cost web development degree online, which also opens doors in tech and administration. Transferable skills like leadership, project management, and systems thinking enable success across industries.

This versatile degree equips you with a foundation in leadership and decision-making that many employers, civilian or otherwise, recognize and value.

Can you continue your education after earning this degree?

Yes—many graduates go on to pursue advanced degrees that align with their career goals, whether in or outside of the military. A bachelor’s degree in military science provides a flexible foundation that can support graduate study in leadership, policy, security, or behavioral science.

Graduate programs for military-focused careers

• Strategic studies or national security: Ideal for those seeking to work in military intelligence, policy-making, or defense analysis.
• Public administration or political science: Prepares you for leadership roles in government or nonprofit organizations. If you choose this path, you can do further research on what can you do with a political science degree to learn more about your career options.
• Cybersecurity or IT management: A growing field for those with tech-related concentrations, particularly in defense sectors.

Transitioning to a civilian-focused field

For those planning to work in areas like human services or education, a military science background can be surprisingly valuable. One popular path is into applied behavioral science.

For instance, if you're interested in human behavior, mental health, or rehabilitation services, you might look into becoming a behavior analyst. But what is a behavior analyst? These professionals assess and address behavioral challenges using data-driven strategies, often working with individuals on the autism spectrum or those in correctional or rehabilitation programs. Your military science training in structured environments, discipline, and analysis can provide a strong foundation for this type of work.

Yes, many graduates continue their education in fields like business, public administration, or intelligence. Exploring questions such as what does an MBA in finance do can help clarify whether advanced study in management or financial strategy aligns with your post-military academic goals.

Continuing your education allows you to specialize and transition into fields that match your strengths, whether that’s operational leadership or helping individuals improve their lives through behavior change.

What is the job outlook for military science graduates?

A degree in military science can open the door to a wide array of careers—both in military service and the civilian world. The job outlook will vary depending on your chosen path, but in general, the demand for strategic thinkers, trained leaders, and individuals with discipline and technical knowledge remains strong.

In the military

Graduates who commission as officers may pursue long-term careers across branches such as the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, or Coast Guard. Officer roles can lead to specialties in logistics, engineering, intelligence, or cybersecurity. According to the U.S. Department of Defense, thousands of new officers are commissioned each year, and retention in specialized roles is often encouraged with career development opportunities and reenlistment incentives.

In government or federal agencies

Many military science graduates pursue roles in federal law enforcement or homeland security. Some go on to specialize in fields like forensics or criminal investigation. One fascinating niche is forensic science, and within it, the role of a blood spatter analyst. So, what are blood spatter analyst job requirements?

These professionals typically need a strong background in crime scene investigation, pattern recognition, and scientific analysis. While a military science degree alone may not be enough, it provides an excellent starting point, especially when combined with further training or a graduate degree in forensic science or criminal justice.

In the civilian workforce

Civilian employers also value the leadership, organization, and decision-making skills that come from a military science background. Jobs in emergency management, defense contracting, and corporate security often favor candidates with this type of experience.

In short, the job outlook for military science graduates is broad and adaptable. Whether you plan to remain in uniform or transition into civilian service, your degree can help you find your mission.

What Graduates Have to Say About Their Military Science Degree

I never imagined I could earn a degree while working full-time in the military, but the online format made it possible. The coursework was tough but relevant, pushing me to think strategically and act decisively. It sharpened my ability to analyze complex situations, which has helped me in my civilian job as a security analyst. The support from instructors was always just a message away. - Kelly

What stood out most to me was the variety of topics covered in the program—from leadership to intelligence and security. The online classes were interactive and challenging, forcing me to engage deeply with the material despite the virtual setting. The skills I gained are practical and respected in both military and civilian workplaces. I feel prepared for whatever comes next. - Tom

I was drawn to the military science degree because it promised a blend of academic rigor and practical training. Studying online gave me the freedom to juggle family, work, and education with fewer headaches. The community of students and instructors made the experience engaging and supportive, even across screens. This degree truly prepared me to lead effectively in any environment. - Rick

Key Findings About Military Science Degree

• Recent data reflects a 28.7% decline in graduates, indicating a niche but specialized field.
• Military science degree programs typically take four years to complete, similar to other bachelor’s degrees, balancing academic and leadership training.
• Online military science programs offer flexible scheduling, which benefits active service members and veterans managing multiple responsibilities.
• The average annual cost for a military science degree aligns with general college expenses, around $25,000, but many students access military-related financial aid.
• Graduates of military science programs have diverse career paths, including leadership roles in the military, law enforcement, intelligence, and private security sectors.
• The competitive job market for military science graduates rewards those who combine their degree with practical experience and specialized training.

Other Things You Should Know About Military Science Degree

What degree is best for military?

The best degree for a military career depends on your goals, but degrees in military science, criminal justice, engineering, or cybersecurity are highly valued. Military science degrees specifically prepare students for leadership roles and strategic thinking within the armed forces, while technical fields like engineering and cybersecurity address critical operational needs. Choosing a degree aligned with your intended military branch and career path can improve your prospects and readiness for service.

What degree do you get from military school?

Military schools typically award degrees in military science or related fields such as strategic studies, defense analysis, or leadership. These degrees combine academic coursework with military training and discipline, equipping graduates with skills in tactics, management, and national security. Some military academies offer bachelor’s degrees, while war colleges may provide advanced degrees like master’s in military studies or strategic leadership.

How to become a military scientist?

To become a military scientist, you usually need a strong background in science, engineering, or technology paired with military experience or education. This often involves earning a degree in fields like physics, chemistry, engineering, or computer science, followed by specialized military training or research roles. Pursuing graduate studies and participating in defense research projects or military research institutions can further advance a career as a military scientist.

What can you do with a minor in military science?

A minor in military science complements various majors by providing foundational knowledge of military history, strategy, and leadership. It can enhance careers in law enforcement, emergency management, government service, or security analysis by developing skills in discipline and strategic thinking. Even outside the military, this minor offers valuable perspectives for roles requiring risk assessment, organizational leadership, or crisis management.

References:

• National Center for Education Statistics. (2023). Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). nces.ed.gov
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023). Occupational outlook handbook. bls.gov
• Department of Defense. (2024). ROTC programs and scholarships. defense.gov
• Military.com. (2024). Careers and education in military science. military.com
• Council on Undergraduate Research. (2023). Undergraduate research in military science disciplines. cur.org