Accounting Careers: 2025 Guide to Career Paths, Options & Salary

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Advances in technology have made careers in accounting more exciting, allowing accountants to focus more on monitoring performance while formulating strategies to improve operations and achieve cost savings. Through robotic process automation, careers in accounting have taken a different shape as the profession today has become a strategic function in organizations.

Among professional accountants, 57% believe that technology literacy is the most critical skill for future accountants (Thomas-Bryant, 2020). In contrast to the popular belief that automation will affect employment and displace accounting practitioners, there is increasing evidence that technology will create opportunities for sustainable accounting careers (Bowles et al, 2020).

If you are eyeing a career in accounting, you can initially take an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in accounting. The Research.com team has carefully evaluated the latest data on accounting career paths and salaries to provide you with the latest information as compiled in this guide. It includes an in-depth discussion on how to start your accounting career, the required skills, steps for career advancement, as well as the outlook for specific roles.

Accounting Careers Table of Contents

1. Why pursue a career in accounting?
2. Accounting Career Outlook
3. What Are the Best Ways to Gain Practical Experience in Accounting?
4. How do online and traditional accounting degrees compare?
5. Required Skills for Accounting
6. What strategies can future-proof your accounting career?
7. What are the emerging trends shaping the future of accounting?
8. How Do I Choose the Right Accounting Degree Program?
9. What specialized certifications can further enhance my accounting career?
10. How much does an accounting degree cost?
11. How to Start Your Career in Accounting
12. How can I advance my career in accounting?
13. Alternative Career Options for Accounting

Why pursue a career in accounting?

Accounting is a highly flexible career that opens doors to various roles in different sectors. You can work in strategic and diverse roles across teams because of your deep understanding of how businesses sustain operations. The practice of accounting has evolved through the years. As a critical business function, accountants are responsible not just for keeping but also interpreting financial records. These interpretations are important because it informs overall business strategy.

Accountants ensure the accuracy of financial documents, evaluate financial operations, and prepare important financial reports. In 2020, 54% of accountants agreed that technology has enabled them to provide clients with faster service. For 83% of practitioners, this also means that the culture of digitalization requires them to keep pace with the best accounting platforms to ensure the optimal delivery of services (Sage, 2020). Post-COVID, 24% of accounting practitioners cited adapting to digital transformation as a top priority (Yooz, 2021).

Based on 2022 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the job of accountants and auditors is projected to grow at a rate of 6% through 2031. A career in accounting entails providing strategic analysis to management and influencing business decisions. This is the reason why accounting also involves the study of specific accounting laws because the accounting process also takes care of compliance with state laws and standards.

Accounting Career Outlook

Accountants provide strategic advice and direction to businesses. They see the big picture and are able to look beyond the numbers. As of 2021, the median annual wage for accountants and auditors is $77,250 while the demand is projected at 136,400 job openings per year through 2031 (BLS, 2022). The accounting career salary varies by sector. Among accounting degree graduates, those employed in the finance and insurance sector typically earn more.

What Are the Best Ways to Gain Practical Experience in Accounting?

Employers highly value real-world experience that complements academic learning. Securing internships, participating in co-op programs, or engaging in volunteer work in finance-related projects can provide exposure to operational challenges and enhance problem-solving skills. Leveraging mentorship opportunities with established professionals further refines technical and soft skills vital to the field. Additionally, attending industry workshops and networking events not only exposes you to emerging trends but also builds connections that can lead to career advancement. For a structured start, consider exploring accounting certifications for beginners as a pathway to validate foundational competencies.

How do online and traditional accounting degrees compare?

Aligning your educational pathway with career objectives involves assessing how program delivery impacts your learning experience. Online accounting programs offer flexible scheduling and self-paced study, which benefits professionals balancing work and education. Traditional programs, however, provide immersive campus environments with structured curricula and in-person networking opportunities that can enhance industry connections. Evaluating these elements in relation to your learning preferences and career goals is crucial. For an in-depth comparison, refer to the comprehensive guide on the online degree vs traditional degree.

Required Skills for Accounting

Aside from financial business advisory skills, 63% of accounting professionals in 2020 cited the area of client service and management as important to be able to meet client demands (Sage, 2020). Bressler and Pence (2019) identified the skills needed among accounting graduates in their research entitled “Skills Needed by New Accounting Graduates in a Rapidly Changing Technological Environment."

Published in the Journal of Organizational Psychology, their study concluded that “Universities should be responsible for teaching the following skills: applying and interpreting statistical methods, maintaining an attitude of respect to clients, continuous auditing, data mining, ERP systems, English language competency, highly technical AIS systems, and time-management skills." On the other hand, employers also have a role in providing further training on “business analytics, foreign languages, listening skills, persuasion skills, problem-solving skills, relational databases, strategic perspective, and working in teams."

If you are keen on pursuing a career in accounting, there are essential skills as well as general skills that you need to have to become effective in performing your role. The following are important skills for accounting careers.

Essential Skills for Accounting

• Analytical Skills. The accountant career involves analyzing data. Reading and interpreting numbers is a core skill of every accounting professional. The ability to analyze financial transactions, from auditing to finding mistakes or fraud, and even in filling out tax returns using the best tax software, require analytical skills.
• Math Skills. While accounting is nowadays automated, accounting professionals still need to have essential math skills to correctly interpret data. Intermediate Math is needed for calculating figures, creating charts, and presenting graphs. Accounting professionals also use mathematical formulas in computations, and in translating technical information.
• Proficiency in accounting software. Accounting professionals should know how to leverage digital innovations. Based on a gap analysis of the accounting program curriculum by the  American Institute of CPAs (AICPA), and the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA), only 23% of accounting programs cover digital acumen in their curriculum (AICPA, 2021). Accounting is technology-driven and accounting professionals need to stay up to date when it comes to their knowledge of using technology.
• Organizational Skills. Accounting professionals have to organize documents every single day. Contracts for every project are noted for specific agreements, and every expense needs to have supporting documents. Organizational skills are essential to ensure that all financial statements and financial documents are accurate and compliant.

General Skills

• Leadership Skills. Increasingly, companies rely on accounting professionals for insights into managing organizational resources, which includes ensuring that organizational data and information remain secure. Among undergraduate accounting programs, 43% embed IT governance in their accounting courses (AICPA, 2021). In addition, solid leadership skills are crucial for leading teams and asserting the validity of insights, especially when faced with difficult financial decisions.
• Communication Skills. In collaborating with different departments, accounting professionals are expected to manage conflict and adapt to changing circumstances. In this context, communication skills in accounting are needed to effectively communicate with different stakeholders. This entails understanding the specific needs of each group and being able to explain complicated financial data.
• Critical Thinking Skills. In detecting fraud and identifying accounting inconsistencies, accounting professionals need to employ critical thinking skills. Being able to express the accounting equation in different forms also requires critical thinking skills, as well as preparing the balance sheet and income statement.
• Time Management Skills. Keeping up with deadlines for filing financial reports is an important job of accounting professionals. They must remain on schedule at all times so as not to miss important deadlines, especially during tax season. Being organized is an essential skill for providing tax advice so that clients can file all tax returns on time.

What strategies can future-proof your accounting career?

In today’s dynamic financial landscape, professionals must continuously adapt to regulatory changes, digital innovations, and evolving client expectations to maintain competitive advantage. Prioritizing ongoing education through specialized certifications, industry networking, and participation in professional organizations can bridge skill gaps and enhance job security. Embracing data analytics, cybersecurity principles, and sustainable business practices positions accounting professionals to respond effectively to market shifts and emerging compliance standards. For insights on long-term career planning, review the accountant future outlook.

What are the emerging trends shaping the future of accounting?

Technology integration continues to redefine the accounting landscape. Cloud-based platforms, advanced data analytics, and artificial intelligence are streamlining data processing, enhancing fraud detection, and minimizing manual workload. Remote work and digital collaboration are also reshaping team dynamics and service delivery models. Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on cybersecurity, sustainability reporting, and adherence to evolving regulatory standards. Modern finance professionals are expected to combine technical expertise with strategic advisory skills to address these challenges while driving innovation in business operations. For insights into lucrative paths, explore accounting careers.

How Do I Choose the Right Accounting Degree Program?

Evaluate programs based on accreditation standards, curriculum relevance, and delivery format tailored to professional needs. Consider the program’s ability to integrate emerging technologies and industry practices without compromising academic rigor. Compare factors such as instructor expertise, student support services, and internship opportunities that ensure a direct connection to the evolving accounting landscape. For those seeking a cost-effective start without sacrificing quality, explore the cheapest associates degree in accounting online.

What specialized certifications can further enhance my accounting career?

Integrating specialized certifications into your professional profile can provide an edge in today’s competitive accounting job market. Targeted credentials not only validate expertise in niche areas but also signal a commitment to continuous learning. For instance, professionals focused on bookkeeping may consider pursuing the CPB certification to demonstrate proficiency in managing financial records and optimizing automated accounting systems. Industry-specific certifications can bridge gaps between traditional accounting skills and modern technological demands, thereby enhancing opportunities for career advancement.

How much does an accounting degree cost?

Navigating the expense of an accounting degree is critical for planning your educational investment and career trajectory. Evaluate tuition fees, ancillary costs such as textbooks and software, and potential financial aid options to ensure the program fits your budget. Comparing online and on-campus programs can reveal significant cost differences that may influence your decision. For an in‐depth review of tuition comparisons and affordability, consult the cost for accounting degree guide.

How to Start Your Career in Accounting

Pursuing a career in accounting starts by taking a two-year associate’s or a four-year bachelor’s degree. In the 2019-2020 school year, a total of 11,625 completed an associate degree while 52,481 graduated with a bachelor’s degree in accounting (AICPA, 2021). To apply for this program, you have to submit the necessary requirements to your preferred college or university. Among the requirements are your high school transcript, GED or SAT scores, and other documents as required by the school. Here we present the typical accounting career paths that set the trajectory for success in this field. We also included various accounting major salary estimates for each post.

What can I do with an associate’s degree in accounting?

Accounting Clerk

The accounting clerk is in charge of ensuring that financial records are always updated. This job entails preparing reports and reconciling bank statements. In this age of automated accounting processes, accounting clerks check entries and ensure the accuracy of data. They process large volumes of invoices and accounts payable using software solutions.

Median salary: $45,560

Tax Examiner

Tax examiners typically work for federal, state, and local governments. They determine how much is owed in taxes by organizations and business entities. Tax examiners review the filed tax returns and evaluate if credits and deductions are compliant with what the law of the state allows.

Median salary: $56,780

Bookkeeper

Maintaining and monitoring financial records is the main responsibility of the bookkeeper. In 2021, among the 1.7 million bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks, 83,400 were self-employed (BLS, 2022). With software today that automates accounting processes, bookkeepers are tasked with checking the accuracy of entries and resolving issues that might arise from the automated processes. Since matching is important for reconciling invoices and accounts payables, the bookkeeper ensures that all documents are matched to make accurate payments and financial reports.

Median salary: $45,560

What can I do with a bachelor’s degree in accounting?

Cost Estimator

Cost accounting is what cost estimators primarily do when they collect and analyze data in order to assess the time, money, materials, and labor required for a specific job order. They identify the factors affecting costs and at the same time recommend ways to cut costs. Their role is essential to the survival of businesses as they maintain the accuracy of estimates and projections.

Median salary: $65,170

Budget Analyst

Planning finances, preparing budget reports, and monitoring spending are among the primary roles of a budget analyst. Working with program managers, the budget analyst reviews budget proposals and budget requests and prepares a consolidated organizational budget. They also help managers assess spending plans through cost-benefit analysis.

Median salary: $79,940

Post-Secondary Teacher

Some accounting degree graduates choose to take the academic path to become post-secondary school teachers. They work in public or private colleges and universities and specifically teach accounting and accounting-related subjects. Aside from developing instructional plans, they also serve on academic and administrative committees as needed.

Median salary: $79,640

Can you get an accounting job with just a certificate?

Yes, there are certificates that provide students with a broad overview of accounting that can help them get accounting jobs in income tax preparation and small business accounting. These certificates generally require no more than 30 credits and take less than two years to complete. To qualify for an accounting certificate program, students need at least a high school diploma or GED certificate.

How can I advance my career in accounting?

Students who plan to pursue a graduate degree in accounting should have a bachelor’s degree in accounting, business, or any related field. Prior to starting a master’s in accounting program, students should be able to satisfy mandatory prerequisite courses, submit transcripts, take the GMAT or GRE, submit the required essays, and other requirements. In the 2019-2020 school year, 20,442 graduated with master’s degrees while 39 graduated with doctorate degrees in accounting (AICPA, 2021).

What can I do with a master’s in accounting?

Financial Analyst

Financial analysts monitor and study economics and business to be able to recommend the right investments or collection of investments to clients. Within organizations, they create financial models to support decision-making. Using all available data, financial analysts predict the future performance of companies. Financial analysts are typically required to have a license issued by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and certified by the Chartered Financial Analyst Institute.

Median salary: $95,570

Management Analyst

Also known as management consultants, management analysts check the revenue, expenditure, and employment reports of organizations in order to identify areas that need improvement to optimize operations. They advise managers on how to make the company more profitable through steps that can reduce costs and increase revenue.

Median salary: $93,000

Personal Financial Advisor

Personal financial advisors help clients plan for short-term and long-term goals. They provide advice on estate planning, insurance, mortgages, taxes, and retirement. Helping individuals manage their finances is the main role of the personal financial advisor. They need a combination of licenses from the state board to be able to provide financial advice services or sell insurance and stocks.

Median salary: $94,170

What kind of job can I get with a doctorate in accounting?

Accounting Professor

The job of an accounting professor involves not just teaching accounting subjects but also includes advising students in conducting research. Accounting professors typically have a doctorate in accounting. They provide guidance and direction to students that want to pursue a career in accounting while equipping them with all the skills needed to have a successful career.

Median salary: $133,804

Sales Manager

Sales managers set the goals of the sales team and see to it that all activities from pre-sales to post-sales are monitored. They prepare budgets, approve expenditures, and help sales teams resolve customer complaints. Sales managers make projections to determine the profitability of products and services and develop plans to acquire new customers.

Median salary: $127,490

Chief Audit Executive

The chief auditor monitors and verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the internal control system. Responsible for planning all aspects of an organization’s auditing services, the chief auditor keeps a record of all transactions and assets and ensures compliance with appropriate standards.

Median salary: $172,915

Which certification is best for accounting?

As an accounting professional, getting certified is a demonstration of competencies in a specific accounting practice. These industry-recognized certifications show the skills and knowledge of accounting professionals, convey authority, and qualify them for specific specialized careers in accounting.

There are various types of certifications for accounting degree holders, the most common of which is the certified public accountant (CPA). Other certifications include the certified management accountant (CMA), certified internal auditor (CIA), certified information systems auditor (CISA), chartered financial analyst (CFA), and chartered global management accountant (CGMA).

Alternative Career Options for Accounting

• Financial Writer. The financial writer is focused on writing about the financial industry. An understanding of finance and accounting systems is essential to be able to write effective and credible content. Those with an accounting background can easily penetrate this field to write about financial markets, investments, and different accounting standards.
• Non-profit accountant. While most accountants choose to take on roles in the public sector, there are accountants who choose to serve non-profit organizations. These accounting professionals are driven by an extraordinary commitment to serving communities. They help manage the finances of non-profit organizations. In 2023, a shortage of accountants in the nonprofit sector is expected based on a drop in the number of new CPA candidates from 21,167 graduates in 2016 to 16,128 graduates in 2021 (AICPA, 2021).
• Insurance Manager. Since numeracy is also at the center of insurance management, accounting professionals can easily transition to insurance-related careers. They typically work with organizations in reviewing and renewing policies, as well as with companies that want to insure properties and facilities.

Accounting Careers Offer Unlimited Opportunities

Now that you know the different paths that you can take as you pursue an accounting career, it is time to take the first step. It helps to have a clear set of career objectives so you can easily plot your strategy. If you want to work for the public sector, then you have to prepare for the certified public accountant exam to pursue your accountant career. Other options include pursuing the consulting path, private accounting path, or academic teaching path.

Whatever path you choose, keep in mind that aside from accounting jobs salary, careers in accounting are rewarding. While this line of work is often mentioned as one of the careers ideal for introverts, accounting professionals nowadays are interacting more with clients as they closely work with them in creating and evaluating business strategies.

Our team at Research.com studied the changing definition of accounting through the years and found a significant difference in the skill set required of accounting professionals six years ago, compared to the required skill set today. As the definition of accounting continues to evolve within the context of governance, strategy, control, and accountability, practitioners need to keep pace. The automation of accounting processes will continue to improve work processes, and new roles for accounting professionals will be created. Accounting careers will become more exciting, so you have to be ready to take on new opportunities.

Key Insights

• Impact of Technology on Accounting: Advances in technology, such as robotic process automation, are transforming accounting from a traditional financial recording role to a strategic business function. Accountants now focus more on performance monitoring and strategy formulation.
• Skills for Future Accountants: Technology literacy is increasingly important, with 57% of accountants identifying it as the most critical skill. Other essential skills include analytical abilities, math proficiency, knowledge of accounting software, and strong organizational skills.
• Career Outlook and Salary: Accounting careers offer robust opportunities, with an expected growth rate of 6% through 2031. The median annual wage for accountants and auditors is $77,250, with higher earnings in sectors like finance and insurance.
• Educational Pathways: Starting with an associate or bachelor’s degree in accounting is common, with opportunities for further advancement through master's and doctorate degrees. Certification, such as CPA, enhances job prospects and career growth.
• Diverse Career Options: Accountants can pursue various paths, including private accounting, public accounting, consulting, and teaching. Alternative careers include financial writing, non-profit accounting, and insurance management.

FAQ

1. Why should I pursue a career in accounting? A career in accounting is highly flexible and offers opportunities in various sectors. Accountants play a critical role in business strategy, financial analysis, and compliance with laws and standards, making it a rewarding and stable profession.
2. What is the job outlook for accountants? The job outlook for accountants is positive, with a projected growth rate of 6% through 2031. There are expected to be about 136,400 job openings per year, driven by the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or retire.
3. What skills are essential for a successful career in accounting? Essential skills for accounting include analytical abilities, math proficiency, knowledge of accounting software, organizational skills, leadership, communication, critical thinking, and time management.
4. How can I start my career in accounting? You can start your career in accounting by earning an associate or bachelor’s degree in accounting. These programs provide foundational knowledge and skills, and upon graduation, you can pursue entry-level positions such as accounting clerk, bookkeeper, or tax examiner.
5. What advanced degrees and certifications can help in accounting career advancement? Advanced degrees like a master’s in accounting or an MBA with a focus on accounting can help in career advancement. Certifications such as Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Certified Management Accountant (CMA), and Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) are also valuable for career growth.
6. What alternative career options are available for accounting graduates? Alternative career options for accounting graduates include financial writing, non-profit accounting, and insurance management. These roles leverage accounting skills in different contexts and industries.
7. How has technology affected the accounting profession? Technology has significantly impacted the accounting profession by automating routine tasks, enabling accountants to focus on strategic activities. Technology literacy is now a critical skill, and accountants must stay updated with the latest accounting software and digital tools.
8. What are some high-demand roles in accounting? High-demand roles in accounting include financial analyst, management analyst, personal financial advisor, and financial manager. These roles require advanced skills and often offer higher salaries.
9. Can I get an accounting job with just a certificate? Yes, you can get entry-level accounting jobs with a certificate in accounting. These jobs include positions like income tax preparer and small business accountant, which provide a broad overview of accounting practices.
10. What are the benefits of obtaining a CPA certification? Obtaining a CPA certification enhances job prospects, demonstrates expertise and authority in accounting, and qualifies you for specialized careers. It is often required for higher-level positions and can lead to increased earning potential.

References:

• American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (2021). Accounting Program Curriculum Gap Analysis.
• Bressler, L. and Pence, D.K. (2019). Skills Needed by New Accounting Graduates in a Rapidly Changing Technological Environment. Journal of Organizational Psychology.
• Bowles, M., Ghosh, M., and Thomas, L. (2020). Future-proofing accounting professionals: Ensuring graduate employability and future readiness. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability.
• Bureau of Labor Statistics 2022). Accountants and Auditors. Occupational Outlook Handbook.
• Sage (2020). The Practice of Now.
• Thomas-Bryant, K. (2021). The Practice of Now 2020: Essential insights to support accountants and bookkeepers. Sage
• Yooz (2021). The State of Automation in Finance.