How to Become an EKG Technician – Salary & Requirements for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Certified EKG technicians (CETs) play crucial roles in the healthcare industry by filling the gap in delivering cardiac care in various healthcare settings. In my decade-long tenure as a career planning expert, I’ve seen how professions like EKG technicians serve as integral components in addressing health challenges. However, there are also relatively few EKG technicians currently employed in the U.S. 

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were only 58,900 cardiovascular technologists and technicians in 2023 (BLS, 2024a). With the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, learning how to become an EKG technician and pursuing a career presents an opportunity for personal and professional growth.

To help aspiring professionals, I will explain how to become an EKG technician in this guide. I’ll discuss valuable information regarding required skills, continuing education, entry-level job positions, and career outlooks to provide data-backed insights into this field.

What are the benefits of being an EKG technician?

• The field of electrocardiography is constantly evolving, offering EKG technicians opportunities for continuing or advanced education and specialization.
• EKG technicians receive competitive salaries, often averaging $42,736 yearly (PayScale, 2024), with the potential to earn more.
• CETs have the flexibility to work in various healthcare settings, including hospitals, clinics, diagnostic laboratories, and outpatient facilities, providing diverse work experiences.

Table of Contents

1. What is an EKG technician?
2. Why pursue a career as an EKG technician?
3. How to Become an EKG Technician
4. What educational paths are available to become an EKG technician?
5. What is the work environment and job expectations for EKG technicians?
6. Can you get an EKG technician job with just a certificate?
7. What skills do I need to become an EKG technician?
8. How do I prepare for the NHA EKG exam?
9. How do I maintain EKG technician certification?
10. What is the job market for EKG technicians?
11. What emerging technology trends are impacting EKG technician roles?
12. Can clinical skills fuel a transition into healthcare administration and billing?
13. Can EKG Technicians Explore Advanced Pharmacy Degrees?
14. How can interdisciplinary skills elevate an EKG technician's career?
15. Can further academic degrees significantly elevate an EKG technician's earnings?
16. What advanced academic pathways can accelerate career growth for EKG technicians?
17. How can EKG technicians transition into advanced nursing roles?
18. What career advancement opportunities are available for EKG technicians?
19. What career paths are available for graduates of EKG programs?
20. What other medical imaging careers can EKG technicians pursue?
21. What certification programs can boost career options for EKG technicians?
22. Other Things You Should Know About Becoming an EKG Technician

Key Findings

• Most healthcare employers (83%) prefer hiring a candidate with a national certification.
• Among employers in the U.S., 69% said that they require certification for EKG technicians. 
• Employment of CETs will rise by four percent from 2022 to 2032, equivalent to around 2,200 job openings each year.
• EKG Technicians make an average annual salary of $70,270. Meanwhile, CETs in Massachusetts are paid the highest, at $103,570.
• Many healthcare employers (25%) find it difficult to hire qualified EKG technicians.

What is an EKG technician?

Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) technicians are trained professionals who observe a patient’s heart performance using wires and electrodes. They are typically in charge of conducting EKG services according to hospital procedues as well as maintaining EKG machines. They are also called Certified Cardiographic Technicians (CCTs), Cardiac Monitor Technicians (CMTs), Cardiographic Technicians (CGTs), Rhythm Analysis Technicians (RATs), or Telemetry Monitor Technicians (TMTs).

As an EKG technician, you will have multiple core responsibilities. These include any of the following:

• Preparing patients for EKG procedures or stress tests
• Assisting patients and informing them about procedures
• Interpreting and analyzing image results and other findings
• Safekeeping patients’ records and scheduling appointments 
• Recognizing cardiac abnormalities, like arrhythmias or chest pain
• Setting up and maintaining exam rooms, equipment, and EKG machines
• Monitoring and recording pulse, blood pressure, and images from machines
• Reporting to physicians and collaborating with other healthcare professionals

Why pursue a career as an EKG technician?

Learning how to become an EKG technician can be a rewarding career choice. In my in-depth research, I’ve compiled a few reasons to pursue a career in this field:

• Accessing opportunities for continuing education and specialization
• Contributing directly to patient care by assisting in diagnosis and monitoring
• Enjoying job stability due to the increasing need for cardiovascular healthcare services
• Gaining the opportunity to have competitive salaries as you become experts in the field

However, it can also be challenging, as you need to work under pressure, especially in emergencies. Here are other things to consider before choosing to become an EKG technician:

• Experiencing physical fatigue or burnout
• Dealing with challenging situations or patients
• Multitasking or covering understaffed departments 
• Working during inconvenient schedules or long hours

No profession is perfect, but by being aware of these pros and cons, you can set your expectations and make more informed decisions about your career.

How to Become an EKG Technician

Learning how to become an EKG technician is not difficult as long as you are dedicated to finishing your training within the set period. Moreover, your choices for schools or training facilities are not limited, and most institutions offer flexible learning options, preparing you for the field in no time.

1. Complete a high school diploma or a GED.
2. Enroll in an EKG Technician Certification Program from accredited community colleges, vocational schools, hospitals, or institutions.
3. Some employers may require field experience. You can provide proof of 10 successful EKGs or complete one to two years of supervised work.
4. Take and pass the EKG Technician Certification Exam.

According to the BLS (2024a), employers prefer a certified technician. 83% would instead hire someone with a national certification than uncertified ones(National Healthcareer Association, 2024). Employers might also favor individuals with basic life support (BLS) or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certification.

What educational paths are available to become an EKG technician?

While EKG technicians typically do not need a bachelor's degree, there are a few flexible academic paths to becoming an EKG technician. One way is to pursue an associate’s degree in medical assisting or vascular technology, which can be completed in two years. This will require you to undergo intensive training and learn about human biology, anatomy, medical terminology, and electrocardiography.

Apart from classroom study, some programs will include a clinical aspect. That means you will be expected to train with an experienced certified technician in a healthcare setting. You could be assigned to a clinic, local hospital, or imaging laboratory. With an associate’s degree, you can also apply for the following positions:

• Billing and Coding Specialists: They translate medical diagnoses, procedures, and services into universal alphanumeric codes for billing purposes, insurance claims, and medical recordkeeping. They also ensure that healthcare providers receive proper reimbursement for services rendered. 
• Medical Assistants: One of the best career choices for trade school graduates, medical assistants take medical histories, measure vital signs, and work with physicians to administer medications and care for patients. They also keep patients' records.
• Phlebotomists: They draw blood from patients for various medical tests, blood donations, or transfusions. They are skilled in venipuncture and capillary puncture techniques, ensuring blood samples' safe and efficient collection while maintaining patient comfort and safety. 

Alternatively, you can pursue a bachelor’s degree and consider programs in health sciences or allied health with a concentration in cardiovascular technology or related fields. In four years, you complete coursework in a broader range of subjects like medical ethics, research methods, and advanced clinical training. With this credential, you can also take the following jobs:

• Cardiovascular Technologists: The leading cause of death in the U.S. is heart disease (Statista, 2024), so more professionals in this field, like cardiovascular technologists are needed. As one, you assist in cardiac procedures like cardiac catheterization, open heart surgery, or insertion of pacemakers, stents, and defibrillators.
• Diagnostic Medical Sonographers: They perform diagnostic imaging procedures using ultrasound technology and high-frequency sound waves to create real-time images of internal organs, tissues, and blood flow patterns within the body. 
• Registered Nurses: With additional training, you can become a registered nurse, providing hands-on extensive patient care. You can even consider MSN online programs to advance your career and become a nurse practitioner.

In the chart below, I’ve specified the differences in the annual incomes of these professionals.

What is the work environment and job expectations for EKG technicians?

As an EKG technician, you'll typically work in healthcare settings like hospitals, private clinics, or outpatient care centers. The role requires both technical expertise and strong interpersonal skills, as you'll be interacting directly with patients, often under stressful or urgent conditions. Most EKG technicians work full-time, with opportunities for shift work, including nights, weekends, and holidays, especially in hospital settings.

Physically, the job can be demanding. You may need to stand for extended periods, move patients, or assist with positioning them for tests. However, the work is usually low-risk and involves minimal physical exertion beyond routine activities.

One of the advantages of pursuing this career is that it’s considered an easiest education degree in the healthcare field, making it an attractive choice for those seeking a healthcare career with relatively quick training. Certification can often be obtained in under a year, and the hands-on training provides real-world experience, preparing you for work immediately after graduation.

Can you get an EKG technician job with just a certificate?

Yes, you can become an EKG technician with just a certificate. Some might ask, “How long is EKG technician training" and expect it to take as long as an associate’s or bachelor’s degree education. However, you can acquire your EKG technician certificate as fast as 60 hours or seven and a half days. However, some programs could take anywhere from four weeks to six months.

Also, some programs allow you to acquire your certification online. These typically cover essential topics such as electrocardiography principles, cardiac anatomy, medical terminology, and practical training in performing EKG tests. 

While some employers may prefer candidates with additional education or experience, obtaining a certificate is often sufficient to qualify for entry-level positions in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings. 

Based on findings from the NHA’s study (2024), 69% of employers say they require certification for their EKG technicians. In addition, when screening applicants, 78% say that they consider certification as their top criterion. This further emphasizes the importance of becoming a certified EKG technician in today’s complex healthcare system.

What skills do I need to become an EKG technician?

EKG technologist training would require that you learn how to operate an EKG machine efficiently and accurately. In addition, you will be expected to learn how to read electrocardiogram results. During your training, you will also understand how to maintain such complex machinery, so they can be functional when needed.

Essential Skills for EKG Technicians

• Technical skills for operating and maintaining EKG machinery and related specialized equipment
• Organization skills for documenting and recording medical charts, ensuring that they are accurate points of reference
• Caregiving skills to provide quality care to patients on whom they are performing tests or monitoring
• Knowledge of human anatomy and physiology, human biology, and medical terminologies

General Skills for EKG Technicians

• Interpersonal skills to explain procedures to patients or answer some of the questions they may have 
• Active listening skills for understanding what patients may need before, during, and after tests to provide appropriate care
• Attention to detail so they do not miss anything that could mean a difference in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient
• Communication skills for imparting information to patients and colleagues alike

In my in-depth exploration of academic sources, I discovered that 25% of healthcare employers express difficulty in finding qualified EKG technicians (NHA, 2024), proving that obtaining a certification is regarded highly in the field.

How do I prepare for the NHA EKG exam?

Preparing for the National Healthcareer Association (NHA) EKG exam requires a strategic approach to ensure success. Here are key steps to help you prepare effectively:

• Understand the Exam Format: Familiarize yourself with the structure of the NHA EKG exam. It typically consists of multiple-choice questions covering topics like EKG technology, cardiac anatomy, and patient care. Knowing the format helps you gauge the types of questions to expect.
• Review the Exam Content Outline: The NHA provides a detailed content outline that lists the topics and competencies tested on the exam. Use this as a roadmap for your study plan to ensure you're covering all necessary areas.
• Use Study Guides and Practice Tests: Invest in reputable study guides for the NHA EKG exam. Additionally, taking practice tests can help you identify weak areas and become familiar with the exam's timing and pressure.
• Join Study Groups or Forums: Engaging with fellow candidates through study groups or online forums can provide support and motivation. Sharing resources and discussing challenging topics can enhance your understanding and retention.
• Take a Review Course: Consider enrolling in a review course focusing on the EKG exam. These courses often include expert instruction, hands-on practice, and tailored resources to reinforce your knowledge.
• Focus on Hands-On Practice: Practical experience is crucial for EKG technicians. Seek opportunities for hands-on training, either through your educational program or internships, to build confidence in your skills.
• Stay Calm and Confident: As the exam date approaches, maintain a positive mindset. Practice relaxation techniques, get enough rest, and avoid cramming to ensure you're mentally prepared on exam day.

How do I maintain EKG technician certification?

Once you are certified as an EKG technician, you can breathe a sigh of relief. After all, you can start practicing and working in a healthcare setting. Nevertheless, you must stay on your toes, as your certification expires after two years. 

That means you must recertify by completing 10 continuing education (CE) credits. The NHA offers free CE courses to current certification holders. You also have to pay a $185 renewal fee. Some courses may require a 70% passing score, so you have to do your best. If your certification has expired for more than one year, you need to retake the certification exam.

Aside from enabling you to keep working as an EKG technician, renewing your certification also allows you to earn more. The NHA (2024) reports that 74% of professionals earn more if certified. Moreover, you can access several perks, including discounts, professional development resources, and support teams.

What is the job market for EKG technicians?

Globally, EKG technicians are in high demand due to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. On top of that, there is a shortage of qualified health workers. Indeed, according to the World Health Organization (n.d.), there is a projected shortfall of 10 million health workers by 2030. EKG technicians will be critical in filling that gap by providing basic cardiac care.

Meanwhile, in the U.S., CETs are also in demand. The job is projected to grow by four percent from 2022 to 2032, providing around 2,200 openings annually (BLS, 2024a). This demand is brought about by an increasing aging population that requires cardiac care and a trend in non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques. 

In terms of annual wages, CETs make a solid $70,270, with percentiles ranging from $36,620 to $105,140 (BLS, 2024b). In addition, the top-paying states for EKG technicians are Massachusetts, Washington D.C., Rhode Island, California, and Alaska. In the chart below, I’ve specified the average annual wages from these states.

What emerging technology trends are impacting EKG technician roles?

Rapid advancements in digital health and portable diagnostic equipment are reshaping the scope of EKG technology. Integration of artificial intelligence in automated EKG interpretation, real-time monitoring systems, and data analytics tools is enabling a more precise and efficient diagnostic process. These technologies help optimize workflow efficiency and enhance patient outcomes by providing timely and accurate information for clinical decision-making. Moreover, the rise of telemedicine and remote care platforms is expanding opportunities for technicians to engage in digital health services. Professionals seeking to diversify their expertise may also consider exploring related courses, such as those offered at ultrasound tech school online, which can complement their skills and expand career versatility.

Can clinical skills fuel a transition into healthcare administration and billing?

EKG technicians can leverage their technical expertise and understanding of patient care to explore roles in healthcare administration, including areas such as patient data management and billing. By integrating their clinical background with administrative responsibilities, these professionals can transition into positions that focus on streamlining operations, improving patient documentation, and managing insurance claims. One promising pathway is to develop proficiency in medical billing and coding. Accredited courses in this area can significantly enhance career prospects while complementing a technician’s existing skills. Explore medical coding programs online to discover flexible training options that align clinical insight with administrative expertise.

Can EKG Technicians Explore Advanced Pharmacy Degrees?

EKG technicians who wish to broaden their clinical expertise and diversify their career options can consider pursuing advanced pharmacy degrees. This pathway allows professionals to integrate diagnostic proficiency with an in‐depth understanding of pharmacotherapy and medication management. By engaging in advanced studies, clinicians can gain valuable insights into drug interactions, regulatory standards, and patient safety protocols, which may enhance roles in interdisciplinary healthcare teams and research settings. For example, obtaining a doctoral degree in pharmacy through an online pharmacist school can provide a robust foundation in evidence-based care and open opportunities in clinical consulting, pharmaceutical operations, and patient education, offering a distinct competitive advantage in an evolving healthcare landscape.

How can interdisciplinary skills elevate an EKG technician's career?

Integrating interdisciplinary skills is vital for adapting to evolving healthcare demands. By honing competencies in healthcare informatics, leadership, and collaborative problem solving, EKG technicians can work more effectively with diverse clinical teams and drive quality improvements. Targeted professional development—through specialized courses, mentorship initiatives, and cross-disciplinary training—can expand proficiency beyond cardiac diagnostics, fostering a comprehensive approach to patient care. Additionally, supplementing clinical expertise with complementary studies, such as PharmD accelerated programs online, equips technicians with broader insights into pharmacotherapy and reinforces interdepartmental communication.

Can further academic degrees significantly elevate an EKG technician's earnings?

Pursuing advanced academic degrees in allied health, healthcare administration, or related fields can open pathways to higher-level clinical and leadership roles. Enhanced academic qualifications can refine strategic planning, decision-making, and management skills—qualities that employers value for senior positions and offer better financial returns. Studies indicate that candidates with comprehensive academic credentials often enjoy improved career longevity and salary growth, aligning with trends seen in the highest earning bachelor degrees in healthcare.

What advanced academic pathways can accelerate career growth for EKG technicians?

Acquiring an advanced degree can open doors to leadership and specialized roles beyond technical proficiency. EKG technicians may consider pursuing a Master’s in Health Administration, clinical research programs, or even an online pharmacy doctorate to diversify their expertise. These academic pathways provide in‐depth knowledge in pharmacotherapy, healthcare policy, and interdisciplinary research, equipping professionals with strategic decision-making abilities that are critical in senior roles and innovative patient care initiatives.

How can EKG technicians transition into advanced nursing roles?

Many EKG technicians who wish to diversify their career paths or increase their earning potential consider transitioning into advanced nursing roles. Becoming a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Registered Nurse (RN) offers not only higher salaries but also the opportunity to take on more responsibilities in patient care and clinical decision-making.

For EKG technicians looking to make this transition, short-term bridge programs such as 12 month LPN to RN programs offer a fast-track option. These programs are specifically designed for healthcare professionals, enabling them to leverage their existing clinical experience while minimizing the time and cost of transitioning into nursing. Through these programs, EKG technicians can gain comprehensive knowledge in patient care, pharmacology, and advanced healthcare practices to excel in more dynamic and leadership-driven roles.

By pursuing this pathway, EKG technicians can integrate their expertise in cardiac care with broader nursing skills, making them invaluable assets in any healthcare team. This career move not only enhances professional satisfaction but also aligns with the increasing demand for specialized nursing skills in the healthcare system.

What career advancement opportunities are available for EKG technicians?

With experience and additional education, CETs can pursue various paths to advance their careers. One common avenue is specialization where technicians focus on specific areas such as stress testing, Holter monitoring, or arrhythmia analysis. Some EKG technicians also equip themselves with additional certifications to broaden their skill sets. 

Further education is another pathway for career advancement. You can pursue careers in nursing, medicine, or pharmacy through a medical office administration degree or similar fields. These higher credentials qualify you for specialized practice, supervisory roles, leadership positions, or even teaching opportunities within healthcare institutions or educational settings. 

Lastly, you can take professional development courses and attend workshops or conferences to stay updated with the latest advancements in electrocardiography and related fields. This ongoing learning and skill enhancement can help you remain competitive in the ever-evolving healthcare industry.

Aside from being able to explore other roles in the field, advancing your credentials or improving your skills enables you to gain a higher income. For instance, if you are wondering how much does a nurse practitioner make, the average base salary is around $124,325 (Salary.com, 2024). Meanwhile, medical and health service managers earn $134,440 yearly (BLS, 2024c). Therefore, investing in continuous education and professional development can potentially lead to lucrative career opportunities and financial stability within the healthcare industry.

What career paths are available for graduates of EKG programs?

Due to the versatility of an EKG technician's skills, they can explore other roles in the healthcare industry. These roles enable them to work closely with physicians and other members of a patient care team, provide hands-on care to patients, or lead healthcare teams. Here, I’ve specified other career paths that EKG technicians can pursue, including income data from the BLS and PayScale.

• Child Life Specialists: They are trained professionals who work with children and families facing challenging life events, such as illness, injury, or hospitalization. They provide emotional support, education, and therapeutic interventions to help children cope with medical procedures and understand their healthcare experiences. The child life specialists salary is around $49,427.
• Patient Care Technicians: These health professionals are in charge of making patients feel comfortable. That is why their primary responsibilities include bathing and grooming patients, serving meals, and monitoring vital signs. They also communicate with families, collect specimens for laboratory testing, and report changes in patient condition to the attending nurse or doctor. They earn $37,829 annually.
• Speech Pathologists: Speech pathologists assess, diagnose, and treat communication and swallowing disorders. They work with individuals of all ages with speech, language, voice, or cognition difficulties. Speech pathologists develop personalized treatment plans to improve communication skills, enhance speech clarity, and address swallowing disorders. They make $92,630.
• Laboratory Technicians: They perform laboratory tests and analyses on patient samples to assist in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. A laboratory technician also operates laboratory equipment, prepares specimens, and conducts tests, like blood counts, urinalysis, and microbiological cultures. They earn $62,870.
• Pharmacists: They are licensed healthcare professionals specializing in medication management and pharmaceutical care. They also dispense prescription medications, provide medication counseling to patients, and ensure the safe and appropriate use of medications. The ranges of pharmacist salaries are between $89,980 and $168,650.

What other medical imaging careers can EKG technicians pursue?

EKG technicians can explore various medical imaging careers beyond their current role. For instance, they can transition into roles like ultrasound technicians. To become an ultrasound technician, one can enroll in ultrasound tech programs online that offer specialized training in diagnostic medical sonography. These programs cover topics such as patient assessment, ultrasound physics, and diagnostic techniques, preparing technicians for careers in hospitals, clinics, or private practices. By expanding their skill set and knowledge in medical imaging, EKG technicians can increase their job prospects and career advancement opportunities in the healthcare industry.

What certification programs can boost career options for EKG technicians?

For EKG technicians aiming to expand their skill set and advance in healthcare, pursuing additional medical certifications can be beneficial. Certifications such as phlebotomy, patient care technology, or medical billing and coding can open doors to more specialized and versatile roles.

Many EKG technicians find that earning a certification through quick medical certificate programs can lead to roles in diverse healthcare settings and help them gain a competitive edge. Programs like these allow EKG technicians to broaden their expertise, improve patient care quality, and increase their earning potential, all while maintaining the flexibility of short-term, intensive training.

Other Things You Should Know About Becoming an EKG Technician

Is EKG tech stressful?

While the role of an EKG technician can be demanding at times due to the critical nature of cardiac testing, it is not inherently stressful for everyone. EKG technicians receive thorough training to perform their duties accurately and efficiently, which helps alleviate stress. However, like any healthcare profession, there may be moments of pressure when dealing with urgent cases or challenging patients. Overall, effective time management, strong communication skills, and a supportive work environment can help mitigate stress for CETs.

What is the passing score for the NHA EKG exam?

The passing score for the NHA EKG Technician Certification Exam is typically 390 out of 500 points. This computer-based exam assesses candidates’ knowledge and skills in electrocardiography principles, interpretation, and technical proficiency. Achieving the passing score demonstrates competency in the field and qualifies individuals for certification as EKG Technicians. Preparation through accredited training programs and review of exam content outlines provided by the NHA can help candidates succeed in attaining this certification.

How long does it take to become an EKG technician?

If you are wondering, “How long does it take to become an EKG tech?” the answer is not long. At most, it can take a year or two. Many institutions offer programs that last from one to 12 weeks or six months. You may also need to acquire at least one year of field experience before getting your certification. Meanwhile, if you opt to obtain an associate's or bachelor’s degree, you might need to wait for two or four more years. 

Which is better, an EKG tech or a phlebotomist?

The choice between becoming an EKG technician or a phlebotomist depends on individual interests, career goals, and preferred work environments. EKG technicians specialize in performing electrocardiogram tests to monitor heart activity while phlebotomists focus on drawing blood for medical tests and procedures. Both professions offer rewarding opportunities in healthcare but differ in their scope of practice and daily responsibilities. Ultimately, aspiring healthcare professionals should consider their strengths, preferences, and long-term career aspirations when deciding between these two rewarding career paths.

What kind of hands-on training and clinical experience can I expect in an EKG technician program?

In an EKG technician program, students can expect extensive hands-on training and clinical experience to prepare them for the role. This typically includes practicing on EKG machines, learning to place electrodes correctly, and interpreting EKG readings. Clinical experience is often gained through internships or externships in hospitals, clinics, and cardiology offices, where students work under the supervision of experienced professionals. During these clinical rotations, students will interact with patients, perform EKG tests, and understand the workflow in a medical setting. This practical training is crucial for developing the skills and confidence needed to excel as an EKG technician in real-world environments.

References:

• National Healthcareer Association. (2024). 2024 industry outlook. https://info.nhanow.com/outlook
• PayScale. (2024, April 18). Average electrocardiogram (EKG) technician hourly pay. Retrieved May 10, 2024, from https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Electrocardiogram_(EKG)_Technician/Hourly_Rate
• Salary.com. (2024, April 24). Nurse practitioner salary in the United States. Retrieved May 10, 2024, from https://www.salary.com/research/salary/benchmark/nurse-practitioner-salary
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024a, April 17). Diagnostic medical sonographers and cardiovascular technologists and technicians. Occupational Outlook Handbook. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/diagnostic-medical-sonographers.htm
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024b, April 3). Occupational employment and wages, May 2023 - Cardiovascular technologists and technicians. Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes292031.htm
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024c, April 3). Occupational employment and wages, May 2023 - Medical and health services managers. Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes119111.htm