2025 Massachusetts Nursing License Requirements

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Share

Massachusetts has one of the highest mean wages among states, at $108,850. However, navigating the nursing licensing process in the state can be daunting, particularly for aspiring nurses facing challenges such as obtaining verification from previous licensing boards and keeping up with continuing education requirements. Imagine a recent graduate from Boston College, eager to start their nursing career, but delayed by bureaucratic hurdles and the pressure of meeting renewal criteria. This article aims to address these common obstacles, providing clear solutions and insights drawn from extensive research and expertise in the field. By reading on, you will gain valuable knowledge that can streamline your path to licensure and enhance your professional journey in nursing. 

Key Things You Should Know about Massachusetts Nursing Licenses

• Licensing Body: The Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing oversees the licensing process for nurses in the state, ensuring compliance with state regulations and standards.
• Exam Requirement: Candidates must pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) to obtain licensure. The pass rate for first-time test-takers in Massachusetts was approximately 87% in 2022.
• Educational Prerequisites: Applicants must complete an accredited nursing program, either an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN).
• Application Process: The application for licensure can be submitted online through the Massachusetts eLicensing system, requiring submission of transcripts, proof of clinical hours, and a fee of $150.
• Background Check: A criminal background check is mandatory for all applicants, which includes fingerprinting and review of any prior convictions that may affect licensure eligibility.

Table of Contents

1. What is Massachusetts nursing license and why is it necessary?
2. What types of nursing licenses are available in Massachusetts?
3. What are the requirements for Massachusetts nursing license?
4. How do you apply for a nursing license in Massachusetts?
5. What financial considerations should you keep in mind when pursuing advanced nursing roles in Massachusetts?
6. How often do you need to renew your nursing license in Massachusetts?
7. How can I choose the best nurse practitioner program in Massachusetts?
8. What are the bridging options for RNs to become advanced practice nurses in Massachusetts?
9. What should I do if my nursing license application is denied in Massachusetts?
10. Are there accelerated nurse practitioner programs available in Massachusetts?
11. Can a Compact nurse practice in Massachusetts?
12. What are the requirements to become an LPN in Massachusetts?
13. How can nurses licensed in other states obtain a license in Massachusetts?
14. How can online nursing programs accelerate licensure success and career growth in Massachusetts?
15. How can I become a nurse midwife in Massachusetts?
16. What tips and resources can help you through the licensing exam in Massachusetts?
17. What education and training options are available to nursing students in Massachusetts?
18. Can a nurse transition to a pharmacy career in Massachusetts?
19. Are there alternative healthcare career paths for nurses in Massachusetts?
20. What are the career advancement opportunities for nurses in Massachusetts?
21. Other Things You Should Know About Nursing Licenses in Massachusetts

What is a Massachusetts nursing license and why is it necessary?

In Massachusetts, a nursing license is a crucial legal credential that authorizes individuals to practice nursing within the state. This license is vital for ensuring that nurses adhere to established standards of education and competency, ultimately safeguarding public health and safety. By regulating the nursing profession, the license protects patients. It ensures patients receive safe and effective care from any of the 8,7320 RNs in Massachusetts (as of 2023) and future nurses.

The Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing is the governing authority responsible for the licensing of nurses. This board sets the educational standards for nursing programs, assesses applicants, and enforces regulations to uphold the profession's integrity. Its role is essential in confirming that all practicing nurses possess the necessary knowledge and skills to provide quality care.

Nursing licenses in Massachusetts are divided into two primary categories:

• Registered Nurse (RN): This designation is granted to individuals who have successfully completed an accredited nursing program and passed the NCLEX-RN exam.
• Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN): This license is awarded to those who have finished a practical nursing program and passed the NCLEX-PN exam.

Beyond initial licensure, nurses must periodically renew their licenses, which often involves completing continuing education. This requirement ensures that nurses remain informed about the latest advancements and practices in healthcare. The nursing license requirements in Massachusetts include these continuing education mandates, which are crucial for maintaining a high standard of care.

Jenna, a nurse from Boston, shared, "Receiving my nursing license was a proud moment, but it also came with a sense of great responsibility. My initial role in a bustling ER required balancing continuous learning with long shifts. Despite the challenges, these experiences pushed me to grow, and I can't imagine doing anything else now."

For those interested in advanced practice roles, understanding the differences between certifications, such as FNP-C and FNP-BC, can also be beneficial. You can learn more about this by visiting our guide: "What is the difference between FNP-C and FNP-BC?"

What types of nursing licenses are available in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, aspiring nursing professionals have several licensing options, each with unique educational requirements and responsibilities. The main types of nursing licenses include:

• Registered Nurse (RN): Candidates for RN licensure must complete an accredited nursing program, typically resulting in an associate's or bachelor's degree in nursing. RNs play a crucial role in patient care, which includes administering medications, developing treatment plans, and providing holistic care to patients. The various nursing license types in Massachusetts ensure that RNs are well-prepared for their responsibilities.
• Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN): To become an LPN, individuals must finish a practical nursing program, generally lasting around one year. LPNs deliver essential nursing care under the supervision of RNs or physicians, assisting with daily living tasks, monitoring patient conditions, and administering medications. This pathway is a vital option for those looking to enter the nursing field quickly.
• Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN): This category encompasses Nurse Practitioners (NPs), Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs), Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs), and Nurse Midwives (CNMs). APRNs are required to hold a master's degree in nursing and undergo advanced clinical training. They possess the authority to diagnose and treat various medical conditions, prescribe medications, and offer specialized care in their fields. For those interested in fast-tracking their education, there are options like

Each nursing license type mandates specific continuing education and adherence to ethical standards, ensuring that nursing professionals uphold their qualifications and responsibilities throughout their careers.

Maria, from Worcester, found the road to becoming an RN particularly demanding. "Balancing work and school was exhausting, but the hands-on clinical rotations made it all worthwhile. The bonds formed with patients and fellow nurses were a source of immense satisfaction and motivation."

What are the requirements for Massachusetts nursing license?

To secure a nursing license in Massachusetts, candidates must meet several essential criteria. The first step is graduating from a nursing program that has received approval from the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing. This requirement ensures that the educational curriculum aligns with state standards for nursing practice.

In addition to completing an accredited program, applicants must exhibit good moral character, a stipulation that underscores the ethical expectations for nursing professionals. Furthermore, all candidates are required to successfully pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX), which evaluates the knowledge and competencies necessary for safe nursing practice.

Kevin, who now works in a local hospital, described his licensure journey as a rollercoaster. He found preparing for the NCLEX extremely stressful, but studying with friends provided much-needed support. Passing the exam brought him an overwhelming sense of achievement, validating all the hard work he had put in. Understanding how to get a nursing license in Massachusetts is crucial for aspiring nurses as they navigate this process.

While Massachusetts does not specify a minimum number of clinical hours, nursing programs typically incorporate substantial clinical training across diverse healthcare environments. This hands-on experience is vital for preparing future nurses to handle real-world challenges effectively.

It is also important to note that Massachusetts does not issue temporary nursing licenses and is not part of the Nurse Licensure Compact, which facilitates multi-state practice. As a result, individuals aspiring to work as nurses in Massachusetts must complete the entire licensing process before they can begin their careers.

For those considering a career in nursing, exploring options such as an online nursing degree for non nurses can provide a flexible pathway to meet the educational requirements.

How do you apply for a nursing license in Massachusetts?

Applying for a nursing license in Massachusetts involves a series of structured steps designed to ensure that candidates meet the necessary qualifications and standards. Here’s a breakdown of the process:

• Create an Account: Begin by registering on the Health Professions Licensing Portal, where you will submit your application. A Social Security Number is required for processing.
• License Verification: Applicants must verify their current nursing licenses using the Nursys system. If your state does not participate in Nursys, you will need to obtain verification directly from that state's Board of Nursing.
• Application Fees: The total cost to apply includes a $275 application fee and an additional $30 for each license verification.
• Background Checks: Candidates are required to undergo fingerprinting and background checks. This step is crucial for ensuring compliance with safety regulations and legal standards.
• Expedited Processing: In light of public health emergencies, the Board has implemented expedited licensure processes for those seeking reciprocity, allowing for faster approval during critical times.
• License Renewal: It’s important to remember that Registered Nurse (RN) licenses expire on even-numbered birthdays, while Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) licenses expire on odd-numbered birthdays. Timely renewal is essential to maintain your license.

In 2020, the U.S. allocated $196.8 billion for nursing home care, predominantly funded by public sources, underscoring the vital role nurses play in healthcare.

Samantha, employed at a community health center, reflected on her anxiety during the licensing process. "The wait for my background check results was nerve-wracking, but the user-friendly online portal helped ease some of my concerns. Getting my license and starting my career in such a respected healthcare community was worth all the anxiety."

For those considering a career in nursing, exploring the options available through the cheapest online nursing programs can be a great way to start your journey.

By following these steps, you can navigate the Massachusetts nursing license application process with confidence and ease.

What financial considerations should you keep in mind when pursuing advanced nursing roles in Massachusetts?

Advancing your nursing career in Massachusetts often involves significant financial planning. From obtaining specialized certifications to pursuing graduate degrees, the costs can add up quickly. For example, becoming a nurse practitioner (NP) requires extensive education, with tuition fees varying widely depending on the program. Additional expenses may include exam fees, license upgrades, and continuing education requirements to maintain certifications.

Scholarships, employer tuition assistance, and government grants are excellent avenues to offset costs. Networking with colleagues and exploring professional organizations like the Massachusetts Nurses Association can also help identify funding opportunities. Additionally, understanding the return on investment is crucial. Nurse practitioners in Massachusetts earn a median annual salary of $129,060 as of 2023, making it one of the most rewarding states for advanced nursing roles.

For an in-depth breakdown of financial considerations, including tuition details and other costs, explore how much does it cost to become a nurse practitioner in Massachusetts. Careful financial planning can make the journey toward advanced practice roles more manageable and ultimately more rewarding.

How often do you need to renew your nursing license in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, nursing licenses must be renewed every two years. This renewal process is crucial for maintaining the validity of a nurse's credentials and ensuring compliance with state regulations. Unlike the initial licensing process, which involves a series of steps including application submission, license verification, and background checks, the renewal process is generally more straightforward but still requires attention to detail.

Key aspects of the renewal process include:

• Continuing Education: Nurses must complete a specified number of continuing education hours to qualify for renewal. This ensures that they stay updated on the latest practices and advancements in the nursing field. This requirement is an essential part of the nursing license renewal in Massachusetts.
• Application Submission: Nurses can renew their licenses online through the Health Professions Licensing Portal, similar to the initial application process. This online system simplifies how to renew a nursing license in Massachusetts, making it more accessible for busy professionals.
• Fees: A renewal fee is typically required, which may vary based on the specific license type.
• Background Checks: While not always mandatory for renewal, some nurses may still be subject to background checks, particularly if there have been changes in their professional status.

The renewal process is vital for a nurse's career, as it not only validates their qualifications but also reflects their commitment to professional development. Failing to renew on time can lead to lapses in licensure, which can impact job opportunities and career advancement.

Aisha, who recently renewed her nursing license, described the process as a significant milestone. "Gathering continuing education credits while managing a demanding job was challenging. However, learning new skills kept me engaged and reminded me of my passion for nursing. Successfully renewing my license brought a profound sense of accomplishment."

For those considering furthering their education while managing their nursing careers, exploring options like the cheapest online rn to bsn programs can be beneficial. This can help nurses meet their continuing education requirements and enhance their professional qualifications.

How can I choose the best nurse practitioner program in Massachusetts?

When selecting a nurse practitioner program, evaluate how the curriculum aligns with advanced practice demands and state-specific clinical requirements. Check for proper accreditation, experienced faculty, a robust network of affiliated healthcare settings, and transparent licensure pass rates. Consider the balance between rigorous academic training and flexible scheduling options to meet professional and personal commitments. For a detailed review of program quality and career outcomes, refer to our article on nurse practitioner programs in Massachusetts.

What are the bridging options for RNs to become advanced practice nurses in Massachusetts?

Registered nurses seeking to advance their careers can take advantage of dedicated bridging programs that streamline the transition into advanced practice roles. These programs offer accelerated coursework and clinical rotations tailored to meet the specific competencies required for nurse practitioner licensure in Massachusetts. They also provide flexible learning options, including digital coursework and targeted clinical experiences, designed to address state-specific regulatory requirements. For instance, enrolling in BSN to FNP programs online can facilitate this career shift by integrating evidence-based practice with leadership and management skills essential for today's healthcare environment.

What should I do if my nursing license application is denied in Massachusetts?

If your application is denied, carefully review the official notice to identify the specific deficiencies or compliance issues. Contact the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing to request clarification on the decision and inquire about corrective actions. Address any required remedial education, documentation discrepancies, or clinical hour verifications before reapplying. Maintaining up-to-date records and seeking professional advice can help streamline the appeal or reapplication process. For additional guidance on navigating the licensure pathway, review our detailed steps on how to become a nurse in Massachusetts.

Are there accelerated nurse practitioner programs available in Massachusetts?

For experienced RNs aiming to transition rapidly into advanced practice roles, accelerated nurse practitioner programs provide an efficient pathway that combines rigorous clinical training with condensed academic coursework. An example is the 12 month FNP program, which demonstrates innovative curriculum design while ensuring essential competencies. Evaluating each program's accreditation, curriculum intensity, and clinical placement opportunities is crucial to ensure alignment with state-specific licensing requirements and your professional milestones.

Can a Compact nurse practice in Massachusetts?

The Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC) is an agreement that allows registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical/vocational nurses (LPNs) to practice in multiple states with a single license. Enacted in 2000, the NLC currently includes 39 states, providing significant benefits such as increased mobility for nurses, streamlined licensing processes, and enhanced access to care for patients across state lines.

Massachusetts joined the NLC on January 1, 2023, allowing nurses with a compact license to practice in the state. To practice under the NLC, nurses must hold a valid multistate license issued by their home state, meet the educational and examination requirements, and comply with the compact's regulations. This participation not only facilitates easier access for out-of-state nurses to work in Massachusetts but also opens up new opportunities for Massachusetts nurses seeking employment in other compact states. By reducing barriers to practice, the NLC enhances workforce flexibility and addresses nursing shortages, ultimately benefiting healthcare delivery across the region.

What are the requirements to become an LPN in Massachusetts?

Candidates pursuing an LPN credential in Massachusetts must complete an accredited practical nursing program that combines both classroom instruction and clinical practice. Applicants must then pass the NCLEX-PN exam to validate their competency and meet state-specific clinical standards. In addition, adherence to ethical guidelines and fulfillment of any continuing education requirements are critical components of successful licensure. For a detailed overview of eligibility criteria and the application process, please consult our article What are the requirements to become a LPN in Massachusetts?

How can nurses licensed in other states obtain a license in Massachusetts?

Nurses licensed in other states can obtain a Massachusetts nursing license through a process known as endorsement. This pathway allows qualified nurses to practice in Massachusetts without retaking the NCLEX exam. Here are the essential steps:

• Verify Eligibility: Applicants must hold a valid nursing license in another state and meet Massachusetts' educational requirements. This typically includes graduating from an accredited nursing program.
• Submit Application: Nurses must complete the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing's application for licensure by endorsement, which can be found on their official website.
• Provide Documentation: Applicants need to submit proof of their current license, official transcripts from their nursing program, and a verification of licensure from the state where they are currently licensed.

For foreign-educated nurses, additional steps include:

• Credential Evaluation: They must have their nursing education evaluated by a recognized credentialing agency to ensure it meets U.S. standards.
• English Proficiency: Non-native English speakers may need to demonstrate proficiency through tests like the TOEFL.

By following these steps, nurses can successfully navigate the licensing process in Massachusetts.

How can online nursing programs accelerate licensure success and career growth in Massachusetts?

Accredited online nursing programs in Massachusetts offer a flexible and comprehensive learning environment that aligns with state-specific licensure standards and clinical competencies. These programs integrate advanced simulation experiences, evidence-based coursework, and digital mentorship opportunities that can significantly enhance exam readiness and professional skills. By leveraging virtual collaboration with experienced faculty and peers, candidates can build a robust foundation for both licensure success and long-term career progression. Explore the top online nursing programs in Massachusetts for a curated selection of options tailored to meet the demands of today’s healthcare landscape.

How can I become a nurse midwife in Massachusetts?

Nurse midwifery offers an advanced practice pathway that entails specialized clinical training, rigorous academic coursework, and targeted licensure processes distinct from traditional nursing roles. Candidates must complete a dedicated program and gain hands-on experience in obstetrical and primary care practices. To meet regulatory standards and deliver quality patient care, aspiring nurse midwives should familiarize themselves with state-specific guidelines and clinical competencies. For detailed guidance, review our guide on the educational requirements for a nurse midwife in Massachusetts.

What tips and resources can help you through the licensing exam in Massachusetts?

Navigating the nursing licensing exam in Massachusetts can be a daunting task, but several tips and resources can ease the process. First, familiarize yourself with the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing, which oversees the licensing process. Their website offers comprehensive information on exam eligibility, application procedures, and required documentation.

Consider joining a professional nursing organization, such as the Massachusetts Nurses Association (MNA). Membership provides access to valuable resources, including study materials, networking opportunities, and mentorship programs. Engaging with fellow nursing professionals can offer insights into exam preparation strategies and emotional support during this challenging time.

Utilizing practice exams is another effective strategy. Many online platforms offer practice questions that mirror the format and content of the NCLEX-RN, the licensing exam for registered nurses. This can help build confidence and identify areas needing improvement. Additionally, local libraries and community colleges often host review sessions or workshops, providing a structured environment for study.

Lastly, maintaining a balanced routine is crucial. Incorporate regular breaks, exercise, and healthy eating into your study schedule to reduce stress and enhance focus.

Mark, who formed a study group to prepare for the licensing exam, emphasized the importance of community. He felt overwhelmed by the volume of material but found that studying with classmates made a significant difference. On exam day, the support from his peers gave him confidence, and passing the exam felt like a collective victory, highlighting the value of camaraderie in nursing.

What education and training options are available to nursing students in Massachusetts?

Prospective nursing students in Massachusetts have numerous education and training options to choose from, each designed to equip them with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in their nursing careers. To find the best institution for their needs, they can explore the best nursing schools in Massachusetts and evaluate factors such as program accreditation, curriculum, and clinical opportunities. By selecting a reputable and well-suited nursing program, aspiring nurses can set themselves up for success in their future careers.

Can a nurse transition to a pharmacy career in Massachusetts?

Nurses with substantial clinical experience may explore pharmaceutical careers as a complementary pathway to advance their impact on patient care. Transitioning to pharmacy requires meeting separate academic and licensure criteria, including completing targeted coursework and practical training that satisfy Massachusetts state requirements. This pathway allows nurses to leverage their healthcare background while expanding their professional scope through a distinct licensure process. For detailed insights on meeting these standards and the necessary steps, refer to how to become a licensed pharmacist in Massachusetts.

Are there alternative healthcare career paths for nurses in Massachusetts?

Nurses with robust clinical backgrounds may consider nontraditional roles that leverage their expertise beyond direct patient care. Opportunities exist in healthcare informatics, quality assurance, case management, and administrative leadership, where analytical skills and regulatory knowledge are highly valued. Pursuing a medical billing and coding certification in Massachusetts can open a pathway into healthcare management roles focused on revenue cycle management and data integrity, expanding career options while maintaining a solid connection to patient care principles.

What are the career advancement opportunities for nurses in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, there are numerous opportunities for nurses to advance their careers, which can lead to increased responsibilities, higher salaries, and specialized roles within healthcare settings. Here are some key pathways for career growth in nursing:

• Pursue Advanced Practice Nursing: Registered Nurses (RNs) can advance to become Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs), such as Nurse Practitioners (NPs), Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs), or Nurse Midwives. APRNs hold higher authority in clinical settings, can diagnose and treat patients, and often have prescriptive privileges.
• Specialization: Nurses can specialize in areas such as pediatrics, oncology, or critical care. Specializing requires additional certifications but can lead to more focused and fulfilling work, as well as higher compensation.
• Leadership Roles: Experienced nurses can transition into administrative roles, such as Nurse Manager, Director of Nursing, or Chief Nursing Officer (CNO). These positions focus on overseeing nursing staff, managing budgets, and enhancing patient care standards.
• Education and Training: Nurses interested in teaching can become nursing educators in universities, community colleges, or training programs. Becoming an instructor requires a master’s degree or higher, but offers an impactful way to shape the next generation of nurses.
• Research and Policy: Nurses in Massachusetts can engage in healthcare research or policy-making roles, contributing to evidence-based practices or advocating for changes in healthcare regulations. This pathway often requires advanced degrees but can lead to roles in academia, government, or nonprofit organizations.

These advancement paths not only help nurses grow professionally but also allow them to make a significant impact on patient care and healthcare systems.

Other Things You Should Know About Nursing Licenses in Massachusetts 

How long does it take to become a registered nurse in Massachusetts?

Becoming a registered nurse in Massachusetts typically takes between two to four years, depending on the educational pathway chosen.

• An Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) usually requires two years of study, while a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) generally takes four years.
• After completing an accredited program, candidates must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to obtain licensure.
• The Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing processes applications, which can take several weeks, so aspiring nurses should plan accordingly.

Overall, the timeline can vary based on individual circumstances and educational choices.

What education is needed to become a registered nurse in Massachusetts?

To become a registered nurse (RN) in Massachusetts, candidates must complete specific educational requirements. The state recognizes three primary pathways:

• Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN): Typically a two-year program offered by community colleges, this degree prepares students for entry-level nursing positions.
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): A four-year degree that provides a comprehensive education in nursing, enhancing career opportunities and potential for advancement.
• Diploma Programs: Offered by hospitals, these programs are less common but still valid for RN licensure.

Graduates must then pass the NCLEX-RN exam to obtain licensure in Massachusetts.

How much does a registered nurse make in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, registered nurses (RNs) earn a competitive salary, reflecting the state's high demand for healthcare professionals. As of 2023, the average annual salary for RNs in Massachusetts is approximately $85,000, with some experienced nurses earning upwards of $100,000. This compensation is influenced by factors such as education, experience, and the specific healthcare setting.

• Massachusetts requires RNs to hold a valid nursing license, which involves completing an accredited nursing program and passing the NCLEX-RN exam.
• The state also mandates continuing education to maintain licensure, ensuring that nurses stay current with evolving healthcare practices.

These factors contribute to the overall professional landscape for nurses in Massachusetts.

Can you practice as an RN without a license in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, practicing as a Registered Nurse (RN) without a valid license is illegal. The Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing mandates that all RNs must obtain licensure to ensure public safety and professional standards.

• To qualify for licensure, candidates must complete an accredited nursing program and pass the NCLEX-RN exam.
• As of 2023, the state has over 100,000 licensed RNs, reflecting the importance of regulatory compliance in maintaining healthcare quality.

Engaging in nursing practice without a license can result in severe penalties, including fines and criminal charges.

Is it easy to become a registered nurse in Massachusetts?

Becoming a registered nurse in Massachusetts involves several steps, making the process moderately challenging. Candidates must complete an accredited nursing program, which typically requires two to four years of study. Following graduation, aspiring nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam, with a pass rate of approximately 87% in Massachusetts. Additionally, applicants must submit a criminal background check and provide proof of immunizations. While the pathway is structured, the rigorous requirements ensure that only qualified individuals enter the nursing profession, ultimately benefiting patient care.

References:

• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023, September 6). Occupational Outlook Handbook - Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Practitioners. Retrieved February 16, 2024, from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/nurse-anesthetists-nurse-midwives-and-nurse-practitioners.htm
• mass.gov (n.d.). Apply for a nursing license by exam. [mass.gov] https://www.mass.gov/how-to/apply-for-a-nursing-license-by-exam
• Snapp, B., Moore, T., Wallman, C., & Staebler, S. (2021). 2020 Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Workforce Survey. Advances in Neonatal Care, 21, 242 - 246. https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/abstract/2021/06000/2020_neonatal_nurse_practitioner_workforce_survey_.12.aspx