MS vs. MA in Counseling: What's the Difference and Which Degree Should You Choose for 2025?

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Aspiring counselors face a crucial decision about which graduate major to take: MS vs MA in counseling. Both degrees prepare you for a fulfilling career helping others, but subtle differences exist. 

This guide will explore the key distinctions between these programs,  helping you pick the one that best aligns with your goals. I will help you navigate the differences between MS vs MA in counseling. Both degrees equip you to make a positive impact on others, but they cater to slightly different learning styles and career aspirations.

Key Things You Should Know About MS vs. MA in Counseling

• With a master's in counseling, you can be a licensed professional counselor, school counselor, marriage and family therapist, or mental health counselor, among other specializations.
• Counselors can earn around $50,000 to more than $75,000 annually.
• Pursuing a master’s in counseling online offers flexibility, convenience, and access to diverse programs without the need to relocate.

Table of Contents

1. Top Counseling Masters Programs for 2025
2. Here’s What Graduates Have to Say About Their Counseling Degree
3. What are the key differences between an MA and MS in Counseling?
4. Can I become a licensed counselor with either degree?
5. Do I need a specific undergraduate degree to pursue an MA or MS in Counseling?
6. What are the different counseling specializations offered by MA and MS programs? 
7. What are the job growth projections for counselors with MA vs. MS in Counseling?
8. Does an MA in Counseling offer opportunities for clinical training?
9. How much does an MA or MS in Counseling typically cost?
10. Are there online options available for MA and MS in Counseling?
11. What career paths are available to counselors and what influences career advancement?
12. What are the essential steps to launch a counseling career?
13. What is the return on investment for an MA vs. MS in Counseling degree?
14. What role does technology play in modern counseling practice?
15. What financial aid and scholarship opportunities can help offset counseling program costs?
16. How do counseling programs address cultural competency and diversity?
17. How Can Counseling Degrees Expand Your Substance Abuse Counselor Career Opportunities?
18. What is the average salary for counselors with an MA vs. MS in Counseling degree?
19. How does location impact a counselor's salary? 
20. What types of experiential learning opportunities are available in MA and MS counseling programs?
21. How to improve a graduate's credentials after earning an MA or MS in Counseling?
22. How Do LPC and LCSW Compare for Advancing Your Counseling Career?
23. How to Choose the Right Counseling Program Based on Your Career Goals and Licensure Requirements
24. Other Things You Should Know About MS vs. MA in Counseling

Top Counseling Masters Programs for 2025

How do we rank schools?

We are aware that committing to a counseling master's degree program is a big decision.  You have to give the financial commitment serious thought.  Our team of specialists at Research.com has ranked counseling master's programs with the goal of empowering you with insights derived from data.

This ranking is built upon a comprehensive and transparent methodology. We leverage data from trusted sources like the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) database, Peterson's databases including their Distance Learning Licensed Data Set, and the College Scorecard database from the National Center for Education Statistics.  This multifaceted approach ensures we capture a holistic view of each program, allowing you to compare and contrast based on key factors relevant to your needs.

Concordia University-Irvine

Concordia University Irvine's online master's in counseling in clinical mental health is a biblically based program. While most coursework are given online, the program requires a four-day residency in which students attend eight process-focused growth groups. Overall, students learn how to help persons with mental health issues transition from coping to repair in an accelerated curriculum that can be completed in 24 to 36 months.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Tracks/concentrations: Clinical Mental Health
• Cost per Credit: $695
• Required Credits to Graduate: 72
• Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior Colleges and University Commission

Crown College

The online Christian-based master of arts in counseling program of Crown College presents a biblically-based, holistic approach to counseling that takes into account the effects of a person's many life situations. The flexible program is aimed at working students and offers different start dates throughout the year. There is a necessary four-day summer residency program in which students work with experienced instructors to improve their counseling, assessment, and diagnosis skills.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Tracks/concentrations: Counseling
• Cost per Credit: $610
• Required Credits to Graduate: 60
• Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission

Loyola University Maryland

The MS in Clinical Professional Counseling program of Loyola University Maryland prepares students for professional counselor licensing. Students gain experience in assessment and evaluation, marital and family therapy, and advanced counseling and psychotherapy approaches. Participants gain practical skills through 600 hours of supervised field experience. The MS degree also requires externship training at locations in the Baltimore-Washington area. 

• Program Length: 4 years
• Tracks/concentrations: Clinical Counseling
• Cost per Credit: $1,072
• Required Credits to Graduate: 60
• Accreditation: Middle States Commission on Higher Education

California Baptist University

California Baptist University's online MS in counseling psychology prepares students to join the field with a strong understanding of psychology from a Christian perspective. Students can participate in professional clinical counseling for marriage and family therapy or clinical counseling. The curriculum, which may be completed in 24 months, teaches students how to investigate the intersection of their personal and professional life. 

• Program Length: 4 years
• Tracks/concentrations: Counseling
• Cost per Credit: $800
• Required Credits to Graduate: 68
• Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior Colleges and University Commission

Webster University

Webster University's master of arts in counseling program boasts a three-decade track record of achievement. The curriculum combines traditional learning with hands-on clinical experience to teach students the ethical, legal, advocacy, and supervisory techniques required for a successful counseling career. The program is intended for those seeking counseling licensure and professionals looking to develop or change jobs.

• Program Length: 4 years
• Tracks/concentrations: Counseling
• Cost per Credit: $730
• Required Credits to Graduate: 60
• Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission

Here’s What Graduates Have to Say About Their Counseling Degree

Juggling full-time work and family life left me wondering how I could ever pursue a master's in counseling. The online program was a lifesaver! The flexibility allowed me to study on my own schedule, and the online discussions fostered a supportive community even without physically being together. Now, I'm a school counselor making a real difference in the lives of students, and I couldn't be happier. -Sarah

I always felt a calling to help others but wasn't sure about relocating for a traditional program. The online MA in counseling offered the perfect solution. I loved the in-depth exploration of counseling theories and the convenience of accessing lectures and materials anytime. The program prepared me thoroughly for the challenges and rewards of working as a mental health counselor. -David

As a single mom in a rural area, my options for a counseling program were limited. The online format of my master's degree opened doors I never thought possible. The professors were incredibly accessible via email and online office hours, and the program provided excellent resources for completing my practicum remotely. Now, I'm a thriving therapist in a private practice close to home, and I'm grateful for the online program that empowered me to pursue my dream career. -Lisa

What are the key differences between an MA and MS in Counseling?

So how does MS vs MA in counseling differ? An MA in Counseling leans more toward the theoretical and humanistic aspects of counseling. It emphasizes understanding different counseling approaches, human development, and therapeutic techniques.

On the other hand, an MS in Counseling strongly emphasizes research methods and data analysis. It equips students to evaluate the effectiveness of counseling interventions and stay updated on evidence-based practices.

In 2021-2022, a total of 7,570 mental health counseling masters degrees were conferred, the highest among the counseling specializations, combining both MA and MS programs.

In terms of coursework, MA programs offer a wider variety of courses on counseling theories and techniques, while MS programs might include research design, statistics, and program evaluation courses.

When it comes to admission requirements, MS programs typically prefer applicants with a background in psychology or a related field. In contrast, MA programs may be more open to students from various backgrounds.

Both degrees qualify you for licensure. However, an MS might be better suited for research-oriented roles or specializations emphasizing data analysis.

Ultimately, the best choice depends on your learning style, career goals, and interests. When considering MS vs MA in counseling, consider an MA in Counseling if you are more drawn to the theoretical foundation or the MS in Counseling if you prefer the research-driven approach of counseling.

Can I become a licensed counselor with either degree?

You can become a licensed counselor with either an MA or MS in Counseling, assuming the program meets specific criteria. While both degrees can qualify you for licensure, the specific requirements are set by each state's licensing board.

The key factor to consider when choosing an MS vs MA in counseling is that your chosen program must be accredited by a recognized body like the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). Accreditation ensures the program meets the educational standards for licensure.

In 2021, there were 60.24% public institutions accredited by CACREP, and 36.18% private institutions. There are affordable online CACREP school counseling programs that will allow you to pursue your graduate program while working as a counselor.

What you can do is to research state's licensing board and find the specific requirements for counselor licensure. Before enrolling in a program, confirm it holds accreditation by CACREP or another reputable body. By following these steps, you can ensure that an MA or MS in Counseling from an accredited program paves the way for counselor licensure in your state.

You do not necessarily need a master's degree to launch a counseling career. You can learn the fastest way to be a counselor and think about advancing later.

Do I need a specific undergraduate degree to pursue an MA or MS in Counseling?

No, you typically do not need a specific undergraduate degree to pursue an MA or MS in Counseling. However, your background can influence your application competitiveness and preparation for the program. For that, consider an accelerated psychology degree online for a good headstart.

Both MA and MS programs in Counseling often welcome applicants with various undergraduate degrees,  especially those that honed your critical thinking, communication, and research skills such as psychology, sociology, social work, and humanities.

Having an undergraduate degree in psychology can be advantageous. It provides a strong foundation in psychological concepts, research methods, and abnormal psychology, which directly translates to success in counseling programs.

If your undergraduate degree is not directly related to counseling, consider taking some psychology or counseling-related courses through the cheapest online LPC programs, as electives to demonstrate your interest and build relevant knowledge. This will also strengthen your application for MS vs MA in counseling.

While the MA and MS in mental health recorded the highest number of graduates in 2021, the bachelor's conferred for this program were significantly less, only 27, compared to other undergraduate degrees. Regardless of your background, pay close attention to any specific prerequisites required by the program you are interested in. 

What are the different counseling specializations offered by MA and MS programs? 

Clinical mental health counseling was the specialty area with the highest number of CACREP-accredited programs, 399 in 2023, with school counseling programs having the second most at 276. An MS vs MA in counseling can prepare you for a variety of specializations. Here are some of the most common ones:

• Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT): Focuses on improving communication and relationships within families and couples.
• School Counseling: Provides academic, social, and emotional support to students in K-12 settings.
• Mental Health Counseling: Works with individuals and groups experiencing various mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, and trauma.
• Substance Abuse Counseling: Specializes in treating individuals struggling with addiction to alcohol, drugs, or other substances. There are CACREP-accredited online colleges for drug and alcohol counseling.
• Career Counseling: Helps individuals with career exploration, decision-making, and job search strategies.
• Rehabilitation Counseling: Assists individuals with disabilities to achieve independence and improve their quality of life.
• Gerontological Counseling: Focuses on the specific needs and challenges faced by older adults.
• Military and Veteran Counseling: Provides support to military personnel, veterans, and their families.
• Sports Counseling: Helps athletes manage performance anxiety, improve mental focus, and cope with injuries.

While both degrees offer a variety of specializations, some programs might have a stronger focus on specific areas. In addition, certain specializations might have additional licensure requirements beyond the general counselor license. 

What are the job growth projections for counselors with MA vs. MS in Counseling?

In general, there is no significant difference in job growth projections specifically based on whether you have an MS vs MA in counseling. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) categorizes counselors together, looking at the overall field's growth, not differentiating by degree type.

The BLS projects a much faster than average growth rate of 22% for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors between 2022 and 2032. This translates to roughly 80,000 new jobs being created in this field.

School and career counselors are also expected to see growth, albeit at a slower pace than mental health counselors. The BLS projects a 10% growth rate for school counselors between 2021 and 2031.

While the degree type (MS vs MA in counseling) might not directly impact job growth projections, other factors that can influence your career prospects include:

• Specialization: Certain counseling specializations, like mental health or substance abuse counseling, are experiencing higher demand due to rising mental health concerns and addiction rates.
• Location: Job growth for counselors might vary by geographic location. Research the demand for counselors in your desired area and chosen specialization.
• Experience and Skills: Regardless of degree type, counselors with relevant experience, strong clinical skills, and cultural competency will always be in high demand. Some counselors with MS or MA also choose to pursue the cheapest MHA programs to advance their careers.

Does an MA in Counseling offer opportunities for clinical training?

An MA in counseling  does offer opportunities for clinical training. In fact, most MA programs in counseling are designed to prepare students for clinical practice.  State licensure requirements for mental health counselors typically include supervised clinical experience ranging from 2,000 to 4,000 hours.

MS vs MA in counseling curriculum typically includes courses on assessment techniques, psychotherapy approaches, crisis intervention, and ethical considerations in clinical practice. These courses equip you with the skills needed to work directly with clients in a therapeutic setting.

A cornerstone of most MA programs is the practicum experience. This involves supervised clinical work under the guidance of a licensed counselor. You will gain hands-on experience applying the theoretical knowledge learned in coursework to real-world client interactions.

Some programs may offer additional internship opportunities beyond the practicum. These often provide an even deeper immersion into a specific clinical setting, allowing you to hone your skills under close supervision.

While clinical training is a core focus, the specific details might vary across different MA programs. Some may offer more generalist training, while others specialize in specific populations or treatment modalities.

How much does an MA or MS in Counseling typically cost?

For an in-state student pursuing an online MA or MS in counseling, the average cost is $37,000 per year. Costs can vary widely, with some programs as low as $9,840 and others exceeding $100,000.

The cost of an MA or MS in counseling can vary significantly depending on several factors. Public universities tend to be more affordable for in-state students, while private institutions often have higher tuition fees.

The cost of living in the program's location can also influence overall program costs, including housing and other expenses. Online programs may offer lower tuition rates compared to traditional on-campus programs. However, some online programs might have additional fees for technology or online resources.

Do not be discouraged by the initial sticker price. Also, consider the master's in psychology online cost. Many universities offer financial aid packages that can significantly reduce the cost of attendance. Explore scholarships, grants, and loan options to help manage your education expenses.

Are there online options available for MA and MS in Counseling?

Online counseling degrees have become increasingly popular in recent years, offering flexibility and accessibility to a wider range of students. The cheapest CACREP accredited programs online allow you to study at your own pace and schedule, making them ideal for working professionals or individuals with family commitments.

You can pursue a counseling degree from virtually anywhere with an internet connection, opening doors for students in remote locations or those facing geographical limitations. Online courses typically utilize a combination of asynchronous learning materials and synchronous elements like live webinars or virtual group discussions. An example of this is the widening availability of accredited online MFT programs.

Things to consider with online programs:

• Accreditation: Ensure the online program holds accreditation from a reputable body like CACREP (Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs). This ensures the program meets the educational standards for licensure.
• Practicum and Internship Requirements: Online programs might have partnerships with local agencies to facilitate these placements or offer alternative ways to fulfill the experience requirement.
• Technology Requirements: Be prepared to have access to reliable internet and potentially specific software or online platforms used by the program.
• Interaction and Support: Some programs offer strong student support services and opportunities for interaction with faculty and classmates through virtual forums and discussion boards.

What career paths are available to counselors and what influences career advancement?

Career paths for counselors vary widely depending on specialization, licensure, and individual professional goals. Whether you earn an MA or MS in Counseling, opportunities abound in areas like clinical mental health, school settings, substance abuse treatment, or private practice. Here’s an overview of what influences your career advancement and where you could focus on long-term growth.

Diverse Career Paths for Counselors

Counselors can choose from numerous specializations that align with their skills and professional interests. These roles include mental health counselors, marriage and family therapists, school guidance counselors, substance abuse counselors, or behavioral specialists. Each path serves distinct populations and requires tailored expertise. To better understand the evolving demand and scope across various specializations, you may explore the different types of counselors based on educational focus, licensure requirements, and career potential.

Factors Influencing Career Advancement

1. Certifications and Licensures: Earning additional certifications such as Certified Clinical Trauma Professional or pursuing licensure for private practice significantly impacts career growth and income potential. Licensed counselors often have better opportunities for leadership roles.
2. Continuous Professional Development: Attending ongoing training, workshops, or conferences allows counselors to stay updated on the latest therapeutic methods and regulations in mental health care. This dedication often translates to higher recognition and expanded practice opportunities.
3. Work Environment: Career trajectories vary depending on the workplace. For instance, counselors in public systems like schools might experience stable growth, whereas those in private practice have the autonomy to scale their income and areas of specialization.
4. Geographical Location: Areas with a higher demand for mental health services, such as remote or underserved communities, often provide leadership roles or offer incentives that contribute to quicker career progression.

By focusing on a specialization that aligns with long-term goals, staying committed to professional development, and strategically choosing certifications, counselors can create a meaningful impact while achieving personal career success.

What are the essential steps to launch a counseling career?

After graduation, focus on meeting state-specific licensure requirements by coordinating your supervised clinical hours and preparing for any mandatory examinations. Develop a targeted professional portfolio that highlights your experiential learning, academic achievements, and specialized training in counseling techniques. Engage with professional associations and pursue mentorship opportunities to establish a robust support network within the field. Track emerging best practices and regulatory updates to ensure that your qualifications remain current and competitive. For guidance on the initial pathway into the field, explore how to become a mental health counselor.

What is the return on investment for an MA vs. MS in Counseling degree?

Evaluating the return on investment (ROI) for counseling graduate programs involves an analysis of tuition costs, potential earnings, and long-term career opportunities. An MS in Counseling, with its research-oriented curriculum, may offer advantages in roles that benefit from specialized analytical skills, while an MA in Counseling emphasizes theoretical foundations geared toward client-centered practice. Students should compare overall expenses, expected financial aid, and projected career trajectories to determine which degree aligns best with their professional goals. Additionally, examining program reputation and alumni success rates can provide further insight into future salary potential and career advancement. Consider exploring options that provide flexibility and quality education by reviewing counseling degree online accredited.

What role does technology play in modern counseling practice?

Digital tools and online resources are increasingly transforming the counseling profession. Integrating technology into practice supports efficient client management, remote service delivery, and flexible learning opportunities. Counselors now use telehealth platforms, electronic health records, and secure virtual meeting tools to enhance client engagement and maintain compliance with privacy standards. Additionally, online credentialing and training programs provide accessible avenues for continuing education and skill advancement. Professionals seeking to adapt to these innovations may find value in exploring how to become a therapist online as a pathway to leverage digital learning tools for licensure preparation and career progression.

What financial aid and scholarship opportunities can help offset counseling program costs?

Many accredited counseling programs offer various forms of financial support designed to reduce the overall cost of education. Federal and state grants, need-based scholarships, and departmental awards are frequently available for students pursuing an MA or MS in Counseling. In addition, many institutions provide work-study opportunities and tuition discounts for applicants who meet specific academic or professional criteria. Loan forgiveness programs targeted at mental health professionals can also help mitigate long-term debt burdens. Prospective students should directly explore their chosen program’s financial aid office and third-party scholarship opportunities early in the application process to maximize available resources. For candidates looking to accelerate their path to licensure while managing costs, reviewing the fastest MFT program may provide additional insights on balancing program efficiency with financial planning.

How do counseling programs address cultural competency and diversity?

Counseling programs are increasingly prioritizing cultural competency by integrating coursework and practicum experiences that address diverse populations, social justice, and ethical standards specific to multicultural settings. Many programs incorporate modules on cross-cultural communication, implicit bias, and tailored intervention strategies that prepare students to work effectively in varied practice environments. These initiatives often include collaborations with community organizations, immersive field experiences in diverse settings, and specialized training sessions that emphasize the importance of cultural humility. For example, some programs seamlessly blend theoretical frameworks with experiential learning opportunities, ensuring candidates are well-equipped to navigate and support the needs of underrepresented communities while adhering to professional standards aligned with contemporary counseling practices. Additionally, explore our guide on the best online master's in Christian counseling degrees to see how faith-based programs integrate cultural sensitivity into their curricula.

How Can Counseling Degrees Expand Your Substance Abuse Counselor Career Opportunities?

Counseling programs frequently incorporate targeted coursework and specialized practicum experiences that address substance use prevention, early intervention, and integrated treatment models. These programs equip graduates with evidence-based strategies and clinical skills tailored for substance abuse environments. Advanced elective courses and hands-on training in community-based settings foster direct exposure to intervention techniques and recovery processes. This focused training, combined with opportunities for additional certification and professional development, provides a clear pathway toward substance abuse counselor career opportunities within evolving healthcare systems.

What is the average salary for counselors with an MA vs. MS in Counseling degree?

Between an MA vs. MS in Counseling degree holder, there is not much difference in the average salary. Salary data for counselors is typically categorized by specialty and experience level, not by the specific graduate degree type (MA vs. MS). Employers primarily value a counselor's skills, experience, and licensure rather than the specific master's degree obtained.

The BLS reports a median annual wage of $53,710 for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors in 2023.

Actual counselor salaries can vary depending on factors like:

• Specialization: Certain specializations, like marriage and family therapy or mental health counseling, might command higher salaries due to demand.
• Location: Geographic location plays a role, with counselors in urban areas often earning more than those in rural areas.
• Experience: Salaries typically increase with experience as counselors gain expertise and establish themselves in their field.
• Work Setting: Salaries can differ based on the work environment (e.g., private practice, school setting, government agency).

Regardless of your degree, consider these tips to enhance your earning potential:

• Pursue Licensure: Obtaining your state's counseling license is crucial for independent practice and often opens doors to higher-paying positions.
• Develop Specialized Skills: Explore opportunities for continuing education or certifications in specific counseling areas to increase your expertise and value to employers.
• Gain Experience: Focus on building relevant experience through practicums, internships, or entry-level counseling positions.

By prioritizing the right program, developing strong skills, and gaining valuable experience, you can position yourself for a successful career and competitive salary as a counselor, regardless of whether you pursue an MA or MS degree.

How does location impact a counselor's salary? 

Location plays a significant role in a counselor's salary. Counselor salaries are often adjusted based on the cost of living in a particular area. Areas with a high cost of living such as major cities and coastal regions, typically offer higher salaries to counselors to compensate for living expenses.

Counselor salaries can be higher in areas with a shortage of qualified counselors. This can occur in rural areas, underserved communities, or regions with a growing population and increasing demand for mental health services.

While the cost of living plays a major role, other factors can influence counselor salaries. Salaries can differ based on the work environment. Urban private practices might offer higher salaries than rural public schools.

The demand for specific counseling specializations also influences salary. A counselor specializing in child and adolescent development might command a higher salary in a school district compared to a rural area with limited child mental health resources.

For instance, while the employment of counselors in California is one of the highest at 14, 210 while Maryland only employed 1,440 in 2023, the wage per hour in Maryland is higher at $29.67 compares to California's $24.12.

Location significantly impacts counselor salaries.  By researching salary trends, cost of living, and work setting opportunities in your desired location, you can make an informed decision that balances your financial goals with your career aspirations and lifestyle preferences.

What types of experiential learning opportunities are available in MA and MS counseling programs?

While both MA and MS counseling programs focus heavily on coursework and theoretical knowledge, experiential learning plays a crucial role in shaping counseling skills. These hands-on experiences prepare students to apply the concepts learned in real-world settings. Here are some experiential learning opportunities typically available:

• Practicum: Most counseling programs require a practicum, which is an initial supervised clinical experience. During the practicum, students work with real clients under the supervision of a licensed professional. This is a crucial opportunity for students to gain hands-on experience in counseling techniques, client interaction, and therapeutic interventions.
• Internships: Beyond the practicum, many programs require students to complete an internship, often lasting a semester or more. Internships are more intensive and involve working in a professional setting, such as a school, hospital, or private practice, where students can further hone their skills. These internships provide deeper exposure to specific client populations or counseling specialties.
• Role-playing and Simulations: Programs often include role-playing exercises and simulations where students practice counseling scenarios with peers or actors. This helps develop communication, empathy, and problem-solving skills in a controlled environment.
• Workshops and Seminars: Some programs offer workshops focused on specific counseling techniques, such as trauma-informed care or cognitive-behavioral therapy. These sessions are typically led by experienced practitioners and provide hands-on training in specialized areas of counseling.

How to improve a graduate's credentials after earning an MA or MS in Counseling?

Earning an MA or MS in Counseling is just the beginning for many professionals who wish to expand their skill set, specialize, or take on leadership roles in their field. Here are several pathways that can enhance your career prospects and allow you to make a broader impact:

• Licensure and Certifications: After obtaining a counseling degree, pursuing licensure is essential for those looking to practice independently. Each state has specific licensure requirements, typically involving supervised clinical hours and passing a licensing exam. Additionally, counselors can specialize by obtaining certifications in areas like trauma counseling, family therapy, or substance abuse counseling, which can open up higher-paying roles and more specialized positions. 
• Advanced Specializations: Many counselors choose to deepen their expertise by pursuing post-graduate certifications or specialized training programs. For example, marriage and family therapists (MFTs) often undergo additional training in family dynamics, while addiction counselors may complete programs focused on substance abuse interventions. Specialized certifications can set you apart and enhance your qualifications for in-demand roles. 
• Doctoral Degrees for Leadership and Research Roles: Those aiming for leadership positions or roles in academia might consider a PhD or PsyD in Counseling Psychology or a related field. A doctoral degree can qualify you to teach at the university level, conduct research, or lead mental health programs in larger organizations. This path is particularly beneficial for those with a strong interest in research or program development, which is often emphasized in an MS in Counseling.
• Continuing Education Opportunities: In the ever-evolving field of counseling, staying updated on new therapeutic methods, cultural competency, and ethical practices is crucial. Engaging in continuing education not only keeps your licensure current but also enhances your clinical skills and credibility. Many counselors complete continuing education courses through professional organizations or online platforms, making it a flexible way to grow your expertise.

Whether you're beginning with an MA or MS in Counseling, these pathways offer ways to elevate your career and make a lasting impact. Each step forward can bring new opportunities to serve clients more effectively and shape the future of mental health services.

How Do LPC and LCSW Compare for Advancing Your Counseling Career?

Counseling professionals seeking to elevate their practice may consider additional licensure to expand their scope of service. The Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) pathway typically emphasizes direct client-intervention techniques and therapeutic strategies, while the Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) route integrates clinical practice with community and case management skills. Evaluating these certifications based on your preferred client focus and long-term career goals can provide valuable direction. For further insights and a detailed comparison, consider reviewing which is better: LPC or LCSW.

How to Choose the Right Counseling Program Based on Your Career Goals and Licensure Requirements

When deciding between an MA (Master of Arts) or an MS (Master of Science) in Counseling, it’s essential to consider not only the degree’s academic focus but also how it aligns with your career goals, the specific counseling field you’re interested in, and the licensure requirements in your state or country. Here’s how to make an informed choice:

Understand Your Career Goals

First, reflect on the type of counselor you want to be. Counseling is a broad field that encompasses multiple specializations, including mental health counseling, marriage and family therapy, substance abuse counseling, and school counseling. For example, if you’re interested in working with individuals or families in clinical settings, you might want to pursue a specialization in Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT). In this case, the most affordable online mft programs could be ideal, providing the skills necessary to work in private practice or mental health facilities.

Alternatively, if you’re more interested in working in schools or organizations, a program focused on school counseling or career counseling may be a better fit. Understanding your long-term professional goals can help narrow down the best counseling program for your interests.

Consider Licensure and Certification Requirements

Licensure requirements for counselors vary significantly by state, which can influence the type of program you should choose. For example, if you aim to become a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) or Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), you may need to complete specific clinical hours or supervised internships that are required by your state’s licensing board.

While both an MA and MS in Counseling can provide the foundation for licensure, it's essential to understand which degree is recognized by licensing boards in your state. Some states may have additional requirements for clinical hours, while others might favor candidates with a specific degree. Be sure to review the licensure requirements for the state where you plan to practice before making your decision.

Evaluate the Program’s Clinical Training and Internship Opportunities

Hands-on clinical training is critical for counselors, as it provides real-world experience in working with clients. Look for programs that offer supervised internships, where you can work directly with clients under the supervision of licensed professionals. Both MA and MS programs in counseling should offer experiential learning opportunities, but the quality and availability of these opportunities can vary widely. Make sure to inquire about the program’s clinical training components and how they align with licensure requirements.

If you’re pursuing a specialization such as Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT), you may need a program that offers more targeted clinical hours and supervision in that area, which will be crucial for meeting licensure criteria.

Consider Online vs. On-Campus Learning

The flexibility of online counseling programs can be a game-changer for those balancing work, family, and education. Many online programs offer the same quality of education as their on-campus counterparts, with the added benefit of convenience. However, it's essential to consider whether the program offers adequate support for clinical placements, internships, and networking opportunities. Some online programs partner with local agencies to provide the necessary clinical experiences, while others may have residency requirements.

Factor in Cost and Financial Aid Options

Counseling programs can vary significantly in cost. While affordability is an important consideration, it's essential to also weigh the value of the program in terms of the quality of education, faculty, clinical training opportunities, and job placement rates. Many counseling programs offer financial aid, scholarships, or work-study opportunities to help reduce the financial burden. Be sure to research the financial aid options available and compare costs across different programs.

Research the Program’s Reputation and Alumni Network

A program’s reputation can play a significant role in your career advancement. Research the program’s graduation rates, job placement statistics, and the success of its alumni. Additionally, a strong alumni network can provide mentorship, job opportunities, and professional connections. Consider speaking to current students or alumni to get insights into the program’s strengths and weaknesses.

Other Things You Should Know About MS vs. MA in Counseling

Why is program accreditation important for counseling degrees?

Accreditation signifies that a program has undergone a rigorous review process by a recognized accrediting body. This review ensures the program meets established standards for content, faculty qualifications, and student outcomes.

In most states, obtaining a counseling license requires graduating from a CACREP-accredited program. The license is essential for independent practice and many counseling positions.

Accreditation helps ensure that counselors entering the workforce have the necessary knowledge and skills to provide safe and effective services to clients. Employers often prioritize candidates with degrees from accredited programs, recognizing the quality education and rigor they represent.

Finally, federal financial aid programs typically only apply to accredited programs.

What factors should I consider when comparing MA vs. MS in Counseling programs? 

When comparing MA vs. MS in counseling programs, check the curriculum, your learning style, and career goals. An MA in counseling typically emphasizes the theoretical foundations of counseling, human development, and therapeutic approaches. Coursework might delve into various counseling theories, communication skills, and ethical considerations in practice.

On the other hand, an MS in counseling places a stronger focus on research methods, data analysis, and evidence-based practices. You might encounter courses on statistics, program evaluation, and research design alongside clinical training.

In choosing between the two programs, you should also consider your learning style and career aspirations. Do you prefer a theoretical and in-depth understanding of counseling principles (MA), or are you drawn to a more data-driven and research-oriented approach (MS)?

Are you primarily interested in direct client work (MA), or do you envision a career that integrates counseling with research (MS)? Certain counseling specializations might favor one degree over the other.

Do the licensure requirements differ by state for counselors?

Yes, licensure requirements for counselors differ by state. While most states require a master's degree in counseling or a closely related field from an accredited program, the specific details can vary. Here's a breakdown of why state requirements differ:

Each state has its own licensing board that establishes the requirements for counselors to practice independently within their jurisdiction. These boards set standards to ensure counselors possess the necessary education, experience, and qualifications to provide safe and effective services.

Although there are general commonalities, specific requirements can differ in areas like supervised experience hours, required examinations, and additional coursework in specific areas relevant to counseling practice within their state.

While not mandatory in all states, pursuing national certification from the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) can demonstrate your professional competence and potentially enhance your career mobility. If you plan to practice in multiple states, consider the "interstate compacts" that allow for easier transfer of licenses between participating states.

Are there specific counseling specializations with higher earning potential?

Specializations with a greater shortage of qualified counselors often command higher salaries. This can include areas like:

• Mental Health Counseling: With rising mental health concerns, counselors specializing in anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mental health conditions are in high demand.
• Substance Abuse Counseling: The ongoing opioid crisis and addiction rates contribute to a high demand for substance abuse counselors.
• School Counseling: Schools are increasingly recognizing the importance of mental health support for students, leading to a growing need for school counselors.

Counselors in private practice can potentially set their own fees, leading to higher earning potential compared to salaried positions. However, private practice often requires building a client base and managing business aspects.

References

• American Counseling Association. (2023).  The 2023 counseling workforce report.
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023). Counseling, mental health, and school counselors.
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023). Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors.
• National Center for Education Statistics. (2023). Digest of education statistics, 2022.