How To Become an ICE Agent for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

High school graduates and career changers exploring law enforcement often see immigration enforcement as a promising path but may find navigating the steps to becoming an ICE agent difficult. The rigorous process has strict qualifications, an extensive hiring timeline, and demanding training. While law enforcement agencies nationwide have seen a 27% to 60% drop in applicants, ICE upholds high selection standards, keeping competition fierce.

This guide outlines the path to becoming an ICE agent, from eligibility requirements to completion of training. Developed by career planning experts, it provides clear, practical insights to help candidates succeed in this competitive field.

Key Things You Should Know About ICE Agents

Education Requirement: A bachelor’s degree is required to become an ICE agent, with preferred fields including criminal justice, homeland security, and foreign languages. Military or law enforcement experience can strengthen applications.
Training Duration: ICE agents must complete a 27-week training program at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), including the 12-week Criminal Investigator Training Program (CITP) and the 15-week Homeland Security Investigations Special Agent Training (HSISAT).
Salary & Pay Scale: Entry-level ICE agent salaries range from $48,371 (GL-7) to $77,210 (GS-13), with experienced agents earning up to $167,603 (GS-15). Agents can receive additional overtime pay and benefits like health insurance, tuition reimbursement, and retirement plans.
Hiring Process Duration: The hiring process varies, taking as little as five months or more than a year, depending on background checks, medical exams, and fitness assessments.
Work Risks & Challenges: ICE agents face physical dangers from apprehending criminals, emotional stress from traumatic situations, and cybersecurity threats from criminals using digital tactics to evade law enforcement.

How to Become an ICE Agent for 2025
What skills and qualities do successful ICE agents have?
How much does ICE training cost, and do you have to pay for it?
How long does it take to become an ICE agent?
What does an ICE agent do?
How do you apply for an ICE agent job?
Can advanced education improve career prospects for ICE agents?
How can ICE agents advance their careers and develop professionally?
What advanced academic paths can further enhance an ICE agent's career?
What supplemental legal education can benefit ICE agents?
How do legislative and policy changes shape ICE operations?
How can ICE agents further enhance their operational intelligence?
What is the salary and career outlook for ICE agents?
What are the risks and challenges of being an ICE agent?
What are alternative careers for those interested in ICE?
Other Things You Should Know About ICE Agents

How to Become an ICE Agent for 2025

To become an ICE agent in 2025, you must meet specific requirements and complete a structured hiring process. Applicants must be U.S. citizens under 37 years old, possess a valid driver's license, and have resided in the U.S. for at least three years. A bachelor's degree is required, with preference for fields like criminal justice, finance, or foreign languages.

What are the steps to becoming an ICE agent?

Becoming an ICE agent requires meeting strict qualifications and completing a multi-step hiring process. Before attending specialized law enforcement training, candidates must fulfill education, fitness, and background requirements.

1. Earn a Relevant Degree

A bachelor’s degree is required, preferably in criminal justice, homeland security, or a related field. Prior law enforcement or military experience can strengthen your application. If you're considering a degree in politics, you might wonder, how long does it take to get a political science degree? Typically, it takes about four years to complete a bachelor's in political science, which can be a valuable foundation for a career in law enforcement or government.

2. Apply for an ICE Agent Position

Check USAJOBS.gov for open ICE agent positions. Apply with your resume and any required documents.

3. Pass the Screening Process

ICE conducts background checks, drug tests, medical exams, and physical fitness assessments. Some applicants may also take a polygraph test.

4. Complete ICE Training at FLETC

Accepted candidates complete 27 weeks of law enforcement training at Georgia's Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC).

5. Start Your Career as an ICE Agent

After training, new ICE agents are assigned to a field office where they begin enforcing immigration and customs laws.

What skills and qualities do successful ICE agents have?

Successful ICE agents possess essential skills and personal qualities to handle their demanding roles. These abilities ensure they can enforce immigration and customs laws effectively while maintaining professionalism and sound judgment. A strong foundation in law enforcement, intelligence, or security is essential for ICE agents. Many people ask, what jobs can you get with a homeland security degree? This degree helps develop critical thinking, communication, and investigative skills—key qualities for ICE agents and other roles in border security, emergency management, and intelligence analysis.

Understanding police officer qualifications is also useful, as many of the standards and expectations—such as integrity, physical fitness, and strong judgment—are shared across federal and local law enforcement positions. These baseline qualifications often serve as stepping stones for individuals looking to advance into specialized roles like ICE agents.

Key Traits of Effective ICE Agents:

Successful ICE agents need a mix of critical thinking, communication, and physical resilience. These traits help them enforce laws, handle high-pressure situations, and work effectively in diverse environments.

Strong decision-making and analytical skills – Agents must assess situations quickly and apply the law correctly.
Excellent communication and interpersonal skills – Clear communication is vital for interviews, investigations, and teamwork.
Empathy and cultural awareness – Understanding diverse backgrounds helps in handling sensitive cases professionally.
Physical and mental resilience – The job involves physically demanding tasks and high-pressure situations.

Training and Preparedness:

ICE agents undergo rigorous training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Glynco, Georgia. The program covers:

Law enforcement tactics
Immigration and Constitutional Law
Firearms training
Emergency response driving

Additional Beneficial Skills:

Beyond core law enforcement abilities, certain additional skills can enhance an ICE agent’s effectiveness. These skills improve communication, investigations, and adaptability in a constantly evolving work environment.

Language proficiency – While not required, speaking Spanish or other languages improves communication in field operations.
Technology skills – Familiarity with digital tools aids in investigations, data analysis, and cybercrime enforcement.

A strong mix of these abilities prepares ICE agents for their challenging and critical responsibilities.

How much does ICE training cost, and do you have to pay for it?

The federal government fully funds ICE agent training, meaning trainees do not have to pay for it. During this period, agents continue to receive their base salary and essential expenses are covered.

Tuition, lodging, and meals – The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) provides free housing and meals.
Daily per diem – Trainees receive a $3.00 stipend for incidental expenses.
Equipment and uniforms – ICE supplies all necessary gear, eliminating personal expenses.

Financial Considerations for Trainees

While training is free, trainees must manage personal financial responsibilities before arrival, as FLETC does not offer financial assistance.

Salary during training – ICE trainees receive base pay throughout the program.
No GI Bill or federal grant eligibility – Since ICE training is employer-funded, financial aid programs do not apply.

However, aspiring agents can use financial aid for independent education programs to strengthen their qualifications before applying. Some individuals explore related roles beforehand to gain relevant experience, such as learning how to become a private investigator, which often involves state licensing, background checks, and specialized training in surveillance and legal procedures. These roles can serve as stepping stones toward a career in federal law enforcement.

How long does it take to become an ICE agent?

Becoming an ICE agent involves a multi-phase process that typically spans several months to over a year. The hiring process duration can vary, with some applicants completing it in as little as five months while others may experience longer timelines.

Once selected, candidates undergo training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Glynco, Georgia. This training comprises two main components: the 12-week Criminal Investigator Training Program (CITP) and the 15-week Homeland Security Investigations Special Agent Training (HSISAT), totaling approximately 27 weeks.

What does an ICE agent do?

ICE agents enforce immigration laws and investigate crimes that impact national security. Their duties vary depending on their division within ICE, from removing individuals who violate immigration laws to dismantling criminal networks.

ICE’s Two Primary Divisions

ICE operates through two main divisions with distinct responsibilities in immigration enforcement and criminal investigations. These divisions work together to uphold national security and enforce U.S. laws.

Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO)

ERO identifies, arrests, detains, and deports individuals who violate U.S. immigration laws while also conducting nationwide enforcement actions to uphold immigration policies.

Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)

HSI investigates crimes such as drug smuggling, human trafficking, child exploitation, and financial fraud, operating both domestically and internationally to disrupt criminal organizations.

Understanding criminal behavior is essential in many investigations, much like in forensic psychology. Professionals in this field analyze criminal motives and patterns, contributing valuable insights to law enforcement efforts. A forensic psychologist salary varies based on experience and location, but their expertise often supports investigations into crimes such as human trafficking, fraud, and exploitation—areas that ICE actively combats.

Some law enforcement professionals transition into administrative or leadership roles over time, such as those who pursue the prison warden career path. This role involves managing correctional facilities, overseeing staff and inmates, and ensuring security protocols are followed—skills that align with the organizational and enforcement experience gained at ICE.

Work Environment and Responsibilities

ICE agents work in diverse environments and handle various law enforcement duties. Their responsibilities include field operations, investigations, and collaboration with other agencies to enforce immigration laws and combat criminal activity.

Armed law enforcement role – ICE agents carry firearms and have arrest authority.
Varied work settings – They operate in field offices, detention centers, ports of entry, and international locations.
Diverse assignments – Duties include surveillance, executing search warrants, interviewing suspects, and collaborating with other agencies.

While ICE agents face risks, data shows their job is generally less dangerous than some other federal law enforcement roles. Their work is vital in protecting national security and enforcing U.S. laws.

How do you apply for an ICE agent job?

To apply for an ICE agent position, visit USAJOBS.gov, the federal government’s official employment site. Once you find an open position, submit a detailed resume that meets ICE’s five-page limit and emphasizes relevant skills and experience.

Application Process

The application process for an ICE agent position involves multiple steps to assess a candidate’s qualifications, skills, and background. Each stage ensures that only the most capable individuals are selected for the role.

Search for job openings – Regularly check USAJOBS.gov for ICE agent vacancies.
Prepare your resume – Follow federal resume guidelines, ensuring it highlights law enforcement or investigative experience.
Submit your application – Upload your resume and required documents before the deadline.

Selection and Hiring

Once you apply, ICE reviews your qualifications and may invite you to complete:

Written assessments – Evaluate reasoning, judgment, and law enforcement knowledge.
Background investigations – Check criminal history, financial records, and eligibility for security clearance.
Medical and physical fitness tests – Ensure candidates meet health and endurance standards.

Unlike some federal law enforcement agencies, ICE typically does not conduct interviews during the hiring process. The process is highly competitive, with ICE maintaining strict selection criteria despite a nationwide decrease of 27% to 60% in law enforcement applicants.

Can advanced education improve career prospects for ICE agents?

Pursuing further education or specialized certifications can provide ICE agents with a competitive edge by enhancing analytical and leadership skills essential in a constantly evolving operational landscape. Advanced coursework in areas such as forensic analysis, intelligence operations, and cybersecurity can deepen an agent's understanding of complex investigations and support better decision-making during critical incidents. Enrolling in a criminal justice degree online program offers flexibility for professionals who wish to balance work and study, enabling them to build expertise that translates into improved career advancement and operational effectiveness.

How can ICE agents advance their careers and develop professionally?

ICE agents who demonstrate leadership and specialized expertise can pursue advanced roles within internal task forces and specialized units. Opportunities for professional development include access to targeted training modules in cyber investigations and financial crimes, as well as participation in mentorship programs that facilitate skill enhancement and cross-agency collaboration. These initiatives support upward mobility and prepare agents for positions that demand higher responsibility or specialized investigative techniques. Moreover, the competencies gained in these roles are transferable to high paying jobs with criminal justice degree in the broader criminal justice field.

What advanced academic paths can further enhance an ICE agent's career?

ICE agents aiming for long-term career growth can benefit significantly from advanced academic credentials. Specialized graduate programs provide a deeper understanding of legal frameworks, policy development, and strategic decision-making that support leadership and complex investigations. Pursuing targeted certifications or master's-level studies also refines analytical capabilities and operational expertise, bridging the gap between fieldwork and administrative roles. For those looking to integrate advanced legal principles with practical applications, engaging in legal studies online programs offers a flexible pathway that complements the rigorous demands of federal law enforcement.

What supplemental legal education can benefit ICE agents?

ICE agents can strengthen their investigative capabilities and legal interpretation skills through targeted legal education. Building proficiency in legal documentation, case management, and procedural law supports more effective decision-making during complex investigations. Supplementing traditional law enforcement training with specialized legal coursework can also improve an agent’s ability to navigate judicial processes and interpret legislative nuances. Candidates may consider enrolling in ABA-approved online paralegal certificate programs as a pathway to develop essential legal insights that complement field operations and strategic enforcement initiatives.

How do legislative and policy changes shape ICE operations?

Legislative reforms and policy shifts continue to redefine operational protocols and administrative frameworks within ICE. Recent changes in immigration laws, judicial interpretations, and executive directives require agents to consistently update their understanding of legal mandates. This dynamic environment influences training adjustments, case prioritization, and inter-agency collaborations. Moreover, a thorough grasp of evolving legal standards enables agents to make informed decisions in complex situations. For those seeking to deepen their legal proficiency, pursuing a paralegal accelerated degree can provide specialized insights that complement operational expertise and support effective policy implementation.

How can ICE agents further enhance their operational intelligence?

ICE agents can further their expertise by engaging in targeted training programs and specialized certifications that complement existing operational skills. Advanced courses in intelligence analysis, cyber investigations, and strategic leadership empower agents to adapt quickly to emerging threats and complex enforcement scenarios. Pursuing internationally recognized CIA certification provides access to methodologies and analytical frameworks that enhance decision-making in high-pressure environments, ensuring that practitioners remain at the forefront of global security challenges.

What is the salary and career outlook for ICE agents?

ICE agents’ salaries follow the General Schedule (GS) pay scale:

GL 7: Starting at $48,371 per year
GS 9-12: Starting at $63,148 per year
GS 11-13: Starting at $77,210 per year
GS 12-13: Starting at $90,067 per year
GS 14: Starting at $142,488 per year
GS 15: Starting at $167,603 per year

Benefits and Additional Pay

In addition to base salary, ICE agents receive:

Standard benefits: Health, dental, vision, life insurance, retirement plans, and paid leave
Additional perks: Tuition reimbursement, transportation subsidies, uniform allowances, and wellness programs
Overtime compensation: ICE agents can receive Administratively Uncontrollable Overtime (AUO), which is 25% of their base pay. They are also eligible for Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) compensation for additional hours worked beyond their standard schedule.

Career Outlook

ICE agents have opportunities to progress through the GS pay scale or transition into specialized and supervisory positions. With over 20,000 agents operating in 400 offices across United States and other countries, the demand for immigration enforcement professionals remains strong.

What are the risks and challenges of being an ICE agent?

ICE agents face several risks and challenges due to the nature of their work.

Physical and Operational Risks

ICE agents frequently apprehend individuals with criminal backgrounds, which can pose safety threats. Some assignments require undercover work, adding personal risk and complexity to their roles. ICE agents face dangers during field operations like other law enforcement officers, including potential confrontations and high-risk situations.

Mental and Emotional Challenges

Exposure to traumatic situations can cause significant stress and increase the risk of burnout. Working in high-pressure environments requires ICE agents to maintain strong mental resilience.

Cybersecurity and Digital Threats

As technology evolves, ICE agents also face cybersecurity risks. Criminal organizations use advanced digital tactics to evade law enforcement, requiring agents to stay updated on cyber threats. A cyber security degree online can provide valuable knowledge in combating cybercrime, securing sensitive data, and preventing digital attacks against ICE operations.

Support Resources

ICE provides an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) that offers counseling and support services. Peer support programs are also available to help agents manage job-related stress.

What are alternative careers for those interested in ICE?

Individuals interested in a career similar to an ICE agent have several alternative paths to consider. Within U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), non-agent roles include management, information technology, law, mission support, public affairs, and community outreach.

Other federal agencies involved in immigration enforcement include U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), which employs Border Patrol agents responsible for securing U.S. borders. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) also investigates crimes related to immigration violations.

At the state and local levels, police departments may have specialized units addressing issues related to immigration enforcement, such as human trafficking and document fraud. These positions offer opportunities to work like ICE agents. Additionally, trade school programs that pay well, such as those in criminal justice, cybersecurity, or emergency medical services, can lead to careers in law enforcement and security, providing alternative pathways for those interested in public safety roles.

For those considering a shift into the private sector, some pursue roles that still require communication, strategic thinking, and compliance knowledge. One such role is in pharmaceutical sales. Learning what is required to be a pharmaceutical sales rep—such as a strong background in life sciences, excellent interpersonal skills, and often a bachelor's degree—can open doors to high-demand roles where professionals educate healthcare providers and promote medical products.

Here’s What Graduates Have to Say about ICE Agents

Joining ICE allowed me to use my skills to protect communities and enforce federal laws. The training was demanding, but it prepared me for real-world challenges. I work alongside dedicated professionals who take their mission seriously. – Leonard

Becoming an ICE agent provided a stable career with opportunities for growth. The federal benefits and retirement plan offer long-term security, and the work itself is meaningful. Every day presents a new challenge, keeping the job engaging. – Saskia

I wanted a role that involved investigation and fieldwork, and ICE delivered. I’ve had the chance to work on complex cases and contribute to national security efforts. The training and experience have strengthened my skills in law enforcement. – Basil

Key Findings

ICE agents must be U.S. citizens under 37, hold a bachelor’s degree, and pass a rigorous background check. Despite a 27% to 60% decline in law enforcement applicants, ICE maintains strict selection criteria, making the hiring process highly competitive.
Candidates undergo 27 weeks of training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), covering law enforcement tactics, firearms, and immigration law. The federal government fully funds tuition, lodging, meals, and equipment, and trainees receive their base salary throughout.
ICE agents operate in two primary divisions: Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO), which handles immigration enforcement, and Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), which investigates crimes like drug smuggling and human trafficking. Agents work in varied environments, including field offices, ports of entry, and international assignments.
Entry-level ICE agents start at GL-7 ($48,371) and can advance to GS-15 ($167,603) with experience. Additional compensation includes Administratively Uncontrollable Overtime (AUO) of up to 25%, and Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) pay for extra hours.
ICE agents face risks such as apprehending criminals and conducting undercover operations. The job’s high-pressure nature can lead to stress and burnout, but ICE provides support through the Employee Assistance Program (EAP) and peer counseling programs.

Other Things You Should Know About ICE Agents

Can you become an ICE agent with a criminal record?

Applicants with a criminal record, especially felony convictions, are generally disqualified from becoming ICE agents. ICE mandates a comprehensive background investigation to assess an applicant's suitability and reliability. This process includes evaluating criminal history; any felony conviction typically results in disqualification. Additionally, the Lautenberg Amendment prohibits individuals convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence from possessing firearms, a requirement for ICE agents.

Do ICE agents need to speak Spanish or other languages?

Proficiency in Spanish or other languages is not mandatory to become an ICE agent. However, bilingual abilities, especially in Spanish, are highly valued and can enhance an agent's effectiveness in diverse communities. According to available data, approximately 30% of ICE agents are of Hispanic descent, indicating a significant presence of bilingual individuals within the agency. While not obligatory, language proficiency can improve communication and provide a competitive edge during the hiring process.

How does ICE differ from other federal law enforcement agencies?

ICE, a component of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), focuses on enforcing laws related to border control, customs, trade, and immigration. This distinguishes it from other federal law enforcement agencies like the FBI, which handles a broad range of federal crimes, and the DEA, which targets drug-related offenses. ICE's specialized mission addresses specific threats to national security and public safety, setting it apart from agencies with broader or different focuses.

What is the difference between ICE and Border Patrol?

ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) and the U.S. Border Patrol are both components of the Department of Homeland Security but have distinct roles. The Border Patrol, under U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), is responsible for securing U.S. borders between ports of entry, preventing illegal crossings and smuggling. In contrast, ICE focuses on interior enforcement, handling investigations related to immigration violations, customs laws, and detaining and removing unauthorized individuals already within the country.