Counseling Psychology Careers: 2025 Guide to Career Paths, Options & Salary
The need for mental health care in the U.S. is outpacing available providers, with over 72% of the demand unmet according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Counseling psychologists play a vital role in addressing this gap, providing therapy and support to individuals struggling with mental health, social, and emotional issues.
This guide is your resource for exploring counseling psychology careers. We cover the diverse career options available, outline the educational requirements and essential skills, and provide a roadmap for becoming a licensed counseling psychologist.
Key things you should know about counseling psychology careers
- Counseling psychologists can work in various fields, including social services, law enforcement, and healthcare.
- To enter the field, students typically need at least a bachelor's degree in counseling.
- Qualities like empathy, critical thinking, and open-mindedness make you well-suited for counseling psychology careers.
- The average annual salary for counseling psychologists is $48,520.
- The demand for substance abuse, behavioral disorders, and mental health counselors is expected to increase by 22% by 2031.
- Graduates in counseling psychology can pursue diverse career paths beyond clinical work.
Table of Contents
- What are the different career paths for counseling psychologists?
- What is a counseling psychologist and what do they do?
- Is a counseling psychology career right for me?
- How can I start my career in counseling psychology?
- Where do counseling psychologists work?
- What is the average salary for a counseling psychologist?
- What is the job outlook for counseling psychologists in 2024?
- What skills are important for success as a counseling psychologist?
- What are the best online programs for aspiring counseling psychologists?
- How do I advance my career in counseling psychology?
- Specializations in Counseling Psychology
- The Role of Counseling Psychology in Criminal Justice
- How do counseling psychologists navigate ethical and legal challenges?
- How can counseling psychologists ensure self-care and prevent burnout?
- What is the quickest way to become a counseling psychologist?
- How should counseling psychologists choose the right licensure pathway?
- Should counseling psychologists pursue behavior analysis credentials?
- How can counseling psychologists balance quality education with affordability?
- How can counseling psychologists access affordable substance abuse counseling training?
- How is technology reshaping counseling psychology careers?
- What are alternative career options for counseling psychologists?
- Other Things You Should Know About Counseling Psychology Careers
What are the different career paths for counseling psychologists?
What can you do with a psychology major? Becoming a counselor is only one option. Professionals with a background in counseling psychology can thrive in all sorts of environments, from social services to law enforcement. The following are entry-level roles for people with undergraduate degrees in counseling psychology.
Social Services Assistant
The primary role of a social services assistant is to assist social workers in providing client services. These include helping clients apply for benefits that suit their situation, developing a treatment plan, and coordinating appropriate client services. Social services assistants can work in clinics, hospitals, group homes, and shelters.
Median Salary: $38,520
Correctional Officer and Bailiff
Correctional officers are responsible for overseeing law offenders and awaiting trial. Also known as marshals or court officers, they maintain safety and order in the courtroom. Hence, they are often assigned to work in prisons or courtrooms.
Median Salary: $49,610
Home Health and Personal Care Aide
Home health and personal care aides monitor people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. They help patients with daily living by providing housekeeping services and scheduling medical appointments. Home health and personal care aides can work in group homes or a client’s house.
Median Salary: $30,180
Social Worker
Social workers help people, groups, or families cope with their situations. This can include couples going through a divorce, parents who lost their employment, and orphaned children. Child welfare and human services agencies, healthcare facilities, and schools often employ social workers.
Median Salary: $55,350
Probation Officer and Correctional Treatment Specialist
The primary role of probation officers and correctional treatment specialists is to rehabilitate law offenders in custody, probation, or parole. This includes evaluating law offenders to determine the best course of rehabilitation. However, this role can be stressful as probation officers and correctional treatment specialists work in high-crime areas and often travel to meet with probationers and parolees.
Median Salary: $59,860
Recreational Therapist
Recreational therapists plan and coordinate recreation-based medical treatment programs to improve a patient’s physical, social, and emotional well-being. Recreational therapists can work in hospitals, nursing homes, and government parks and recreation departments.
Median Salary: $51,330
What is a counseling psychologist and what do they do?
While there are many counseling psychology careers out there, many graduates choose to become mental health care professionals. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), about 388,200 individuals worked as substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors in 2022.
Counseling psychologists help individuals improve their emotional, social, and mental well-being through therapy sessions. They also work to promote mental health awareness and provide psychoeducation to both clients and the community. There are many different types of counseling psychologists, including:
- School Counselor
- Marriage and Family Therapist
- Mental Health Counselor
- Rehabilitation Counselor
- Substance Abuse Counselor
- Career Counselor
Counseling psychologists do not typically prescribe medication, although they may collaborate with psychiatrists who do. They focus on providing therapy and counseling services to help clients manage their mental health concerns and improve their overall well-being.

Is a counseling psychology career right for me?
Counseling psychology careers can be rewarding, but many require emotional intelligence and a commitment to personal growth. If you are passionate about connecting with others and are interested in how the human mind works, this career path may be a good choice. Here are some questions to consider as you explore this path:
- Do I have strong communication and interpersonal skills? As a counselor, you must be able to build rapport and trust with clients.
- Am I empathetic and compassionate? Genuine empathy will help you understand your clients’ struggles so you can give them the support they need.
- Am I a good listener? You must be a patient and attentive listener who can evaluate situations without judgment.
- Am I comfortable working with a diverse range of people? Because counseling psychologists work with individuals from diverse backgrounds and experiences, you must be culturally aware.
- Am I emotionally resilient? The work can be emotionally demanding. You must have self-awareness and coping mechanisms to manage your emotions and prevent burnout.
How can I start my career in counseling psychology?
Before you can become a counseling psychologist, you must obtain a master’s degree in counseling. Accredited graduate counseling programs typically cover psychological theory, assessment, and evidence-based therapy techniques. They also allow students to specialize in different areas of the field, like geriatric counseling or adolescent mental health.
Following graduation, you must gain supervised clinical experience and apply for a counseling license. Licensure requirements vary by state, but most states will require you to pass a national licensing exam in your chosen field. However, licensure is not mandatory for graduates who don’t intend to do clinical work. There are many counseling psychology careers in the academe, social services, or the corporate sector.
Where do counseling psychologists work?
A graduate degree in psychology prepares you for work in many different settings. With a counseling license, you might work with patients at mental health facilities or students in schools. If you are interested in business, you can also begin a private practice.
The BLS reports that most counseling psychologists (7.47%) work at outpatient care centers. However, the demand for counseling psychologists is also high at psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and dedicated mental health facilities. Pursuing a specialized counseling psychology degree (for example, with a marriage and family therapist track), might help give you a competitive edge for roles in these settings.

What is the average salary for a counseling psychologist?
You might earn about $49,710 as a counselor. However, your income will vary depending on experience, location, and role. BLS reports show that the lowest 10% of earners make about $34,580 annually, while the top 10% make $82,710.
While counseling psychology is not among the highest paid majors, graduates can maximize their income by practicing in a high-paying state. According to the BLS, Alaska-based counselors make the most with a $68,770 average salary. Graduates can also consider practicing in Hawaii, Utah, New Jersey, and Nevada, where local employers also offer high pay. The chart below shows the average salaries of counseling psychologists in top-paying states.
What is the job outlook for counseling psychologists in 2024?
Counseling psychology graduates will be in high demand in the coming years. The BLS projects an 18% growth in demand for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors from 2022 to 2032, which is significantly faster than the average for all occupations (3%). This growth is driven by several factors, including an increasing awareness of mental health issues, a growing and aging population, and a reduction in the stigma surrounding mental health treatment.
The following chart compares the projected job growth for the many counseling psychology careers you can choose from.
What skills are important for success as a counseling psychologist?
A good counseling psychologist is well-versed in the theory and practice of counseling. Great ones combine their knowledge with the right attitudes, like empathy and open-mindedness. Traditional or online colleges for psychology can help you cultivate these essential skills for counseling psychology careers.
Essential Skills for Counseling Psychologists
- Human Behavior. Understanding human behavior allows counseling psychologists to consider the internal and external factors that shape a client’s experience. As a result, they can empower clients to improve how they engage and interact.
- Counseling Theories. Various counseling techniques can help counseling psychologists build rapport with their clients. It also allows them to help clients address their psychological issues.
- Mental Health. Having extensive mental health knowledge allows counseling psychologists to provide effective patient care.
- Interpersonal Intelligence. Having the talent for building relationships is imperative since counseling psychologists may have to work with clients for months or years.
- Integrity. This quality is crucial as counseling psychologists often receive personal and sensitive information from their clients.
General Skills for Counseling Psychologists
- Empathy. This skill allows counseling psychologists to understand patients with different personalities.
- Active Listening. Counseling psychologists should know how to listen and give full attention to what a client says. Honing your active listening skills will help you derive better outcomes from therapy sessions and provide appropriate care.
- Communication. Active listening and verbal communication skills allow counseling psychologists to talk to various people. This skill is valuable when interviewing clients.
- Critical Thinking. This skill allows counseling psychologists to conceptualize issues properly. It can also help them discern which counseling theories are appropriate for the situation.
- Open-Mindedness. Counseling psychologists must have an open mind and offer unbiased views.
What are the best online programs for aspiring counseling psychologists?
For those aiming to advance their careers in counseling psychology, pursuing a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) can be a transformative step. Online PsyD programs offer flexibility, allowing students to balance their studies with professional and personal commitments. These programs often provide a robust curriculum that combines theoretical foundations, clinical practice, and research opportunities.
When selecting an online PsyD program, it's vital to ensure it is accredited, as this guarantees the program meets rigorous academic and professional standards. Accreditation also facilitates licensure, a critical step for independent practice. Furthermore, students should consider factors such as program length, faculty expertise, and opportunities for specialized training in areas like substance abuse counseling, family therapy, or school psychology.
To learn more about accredited online PsyD programs and their unique offerings, visit online PsyD programs accredited. This resource provides detailed information about program options, helping you make an informed choice that aligns with your career aspirations.
How do I advance my career in counseling psychology?
While you can enter several counseling psychology careers with just an online bachelor’s degree in counseling, pursuing higher education will qualify you for more jobs. With a graduate degree, you can become a licensed counselor. You can also enter supervisory or leadership roles in related fields.
Social Work Supervisor
The role of a social work supervisor is to oversee and mentor a team of social workers. This includes identifying how social workers can handle challenging situations. In some cases, it is also their responsibility to do administrative work that is relevant to the daily operations of an agency.
Median Salary: $74,240
Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselor
Counseling psychologists specializing in substance abuse, behavioral disorders, and mental health provide counseling services to people coping with alcoholism, addiction, and other psychological problems. They evaluate mental and physical well-being, assess their readiness for treatment, and develop appropriate treatment plans.
Median Salary: $49,710
Rehabilitation Counselor
Rehabilitation counselors work with people with disabilities. A typical day includes consulting other professionals, like doctors and social workers, to help clients overcome the challenges brought on by their disabilities. They aim to help people with disabilities cope with their situations and learn how to live independently.
Median Salary: $39,990
College or University Professor
As college or university professors, counseling psychologists teach college students in various areas of psychology. They may also conduct psychological research and continue practicing as a licensed therapist. Doing so allows them to stay abreast of developments in psychology and share their knowledge.
Median Salary: $80,840
Medical and Health Services Manager
The role of a medical and health services manager is to oversee the rehabilitation services an agency provides. They supervise the staff and coordinate facility activities by establishing guidelines, workflows, and success metrics.
Median Salary: $104,830
Specializations in Counseling Psychology
As a counseling psychologist, there are numerous paths for professional growth and specialization that can expand your career options and earning potential. One popular avenue is to pursue further education and training in specialized areas of counseling psychology. Specializations such as marriage and family therapy, addiction counseling, school psychology, or trauma-focused therapy allow professionals to work with specific populations or address particular mental health concerns.
Advanced certifications and postdoctoral training can help you develop expertise in one of these areas, making you more competitive in the job market and potentially increasing your earning capacity. Additionally, pursuing leadership roles in organizations, such as becoming a department head or clinical supervisor, provides opportunities to shape the future of counseling practices and mentor up-and-coming professionals.
If you're interested in diversifying your career, you might also consider exploring roles outside of clinical settings. Many counseling psychologists move into research, teaching, or consulting. Academic positions, for example, allow you to contribute to the growing body of psychological knowledge while educating the next generation of counselors.
Moreover, expanding your understanding of careers in counseling can reveal other rewarding opportunities, whether you are drawn to community outreach, public policy, or corporate settings. For those looking to explore additional career options, careers in counseling can offer valuable insights and further guidance on how to navigate your path in this dynamic field.
By focusing on professional development and actively pursuing specialized training, you can continue to evolve as a counseling psychologist and ensure long-term career success.
The Role of Counseling Psychology in Criminal Justice
Counseling psychologists play a crucial role in the criminal justice system by addressing the mental health needs of individuals within this framework. From supporting rehabilitation efforts for offenders to providing essential insights in legal cases, their contributions are invaluable for fostering societal well-being and justice.
One area where counseling psychologists find growing opportunities is forensic psychology. This discipline involves evaluating individuals for legal proceedings, offering expert testimony in court, and working alongside the justice system to address complex behavioral issues. Professionals in this field often collaborate with law enforcement, correctional facilities, and legal teams to ensure informed decision-making processes. Given the evolving emphasis on mental health in the justice system, many aspiring psychologists wonder: "Is forensic psychology in demand?" The increasing reliance on psychological expertise within legal contexts unequivocally affirms its rising demand.
Additionally, counseling psychologists in this arena may facilitate offender rehabilitation programs, aiming to reduce recidivism through tailored interventions. They employ evidence-based approaches to help individuals navigate the psychological underpinnings of their behaviors and make meaningful lifestyle changes. Through these efforts, they not only contribute to individual transformation but also to the broader goal of community safety.
Exploring the intersection of psychology and criminal justice not only opens doors to alternative career paths but also highlights the versatility of counseling psychology. With proper specialization and training, practitioners can expand their impact, merging psychological insights with the needs of legal and societal systems.
How do counseling psychologists navigate ethical and legal challenges?
Counseling psychologists must adhere to rigorous ethical and legal standards while managing client confidentiality, informed consent, and dual relationships. They employ robust documentation practices and seek ongoing supervision to navigate complex liability issues and safeguard client welfare. Maintaining awareness of state and federal regulations, coupled with participation in continuous ethics training, is essential for minimizing professional risk. Additionally, specialized coursework—often available through affordable online MFT programs—can provide targeted insights on legal responsibilities and risk management strategies that further enhance a practitioner’s ability to deliver ethical care.
How can counseling psychologists ensure self-care and prevent burnout?
Working in counseling psychology can be emotionally demanding, and burnout is a common risk. Maintaining personal well-being is essential for sustaining a long-term, fulfilling career. Here are practical self-care strategies to help counseling psychologists manage stress and avoid burnout:
- Set Clear Boundaries: Establish and respect personal and professional boundaries to prevent emotional exhaustion.
- Regular Supervision and Peer Support: Engage in regular supervision and consult with peers to gain perspective, share challenges, and receive support.
- Practice Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Incorporate mindfulness practices, such as deep breathing and meditation, to manage stress effectively.
- Pursue Hobbies and Interests Outside of Work: Engage in activities unrelated to counseling to recharge mentally and emotionally.
- Take Time for Physical Exercise: Physical activity helps reduce stress, boosts mood, and enhances overall resilience.
- Schedule Regular Breaks and Time Off: Prioritize rest and vacation time to ensure proper recovery from work-related stress.
Implementing these strategies can help counseling psychologists maintain their well-being and deliver high-quality care to their clients.
What is the quickest way to become a counseling psychologist?
Pursuing a career in counseling psychology can be a rewarding and challenging journey. For those interested in becoming a counseling psychologist, it is essential to understand the educational requirements, licensure process, and various specializations available. To learn more about the quickest way to become a therapist, visit quickest way to become a therapist. This resource provides valuable insights into the field, including the fastest ways to become a counselor, and can help individuals make informed decisions about their career paths. By exploring the various aspects of counseling psychology, aspiring professionals can set themselves up for success and make a meaningful impact in the lives of their clients.
How should counseling psychologists choose the right licensure pathway?
Counseling psychologists must evaluate available licensure tracks based on their career goals, clinical interests, and state-specific requirements. A careful review of potential pathways—such as LPC, LCSW, and other specialized credentials—can clarify distinctions in scope of practice and supervision mandates. For instance, analyzing our guide about the difference LCSW LPC provides insights into practice settings and eligibility criteria. By comparing program accreditation, clinical training components, and cost considerations, professionals can determine which licensure journey aligns best with their professional aspirations and intended market.
Should counseling psychologists pursue behavior analysis credentials?
Integrating behavior analysis can diversify treatment approaches and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Counseling psychologists may benefit from complementary training in behavior analytic methods, which emphasize measurable behavior change and objective assessment. Investigating specialized programs, such as BCBA certification schools, provides a framework for acquiring advanced skills that support evidence-based practices. This additional credential can broaden career opportunities and enrich client care through a multidisciplinary perspective.
How can counseling psychologists balance quality education with affordability?
Counseling psychologists seeking to advance their careers benefit from identifying programs that meet rigorous academic standards while remaining cost-effective. By taking advantage of online platforms and flexible scheduling, professionals can pursue further education without sacrificing job responsibilities. For those looking to manage tuition costs, exploring options like the cheapest masters in counseling can be a strategic move. In addition, reviewing program details such as accreditation, faculty expertise, and available financial aid opportunities is essential for ensuring that the investment in further education yields both professional growth and practical value.
How can counseling psychologists access affordable substance abuse counseling training?
Specialized training in substance abuse counseling can equip counseling psychologists with targeted strategies to address addiction and recovery challenges. Affordable programs offer flexible, practical learning opportunities that enhance clinical expertise and career competitiveness. For example, enrolling in a cheap online substance abuse counseling degree program can provide cost-effective, industry-relevant insights without compromising educational quality.
How is technology reshaping counseling psychology careers?
Digital innovations are transforming practice management and client engagement in counseling psychology. Teletherapy platforms, secure electronic health records, and virtual consultation tools are expanding access to mental health care while streamlining administrative processes. Data analytics and AI-supported diagnostic tools are emerging to enhance treatment planning and outcome measurement without compromising ethical standards. These technological advancements serve not only to broaden service delivery but also to offer flexible learning and certification opportunities, such as how to become a therapist, ensuring professionals remain competitive in a rapidly evolving landscape.
What are alternative career options for counseling psychologists?
Not all counseling psychology graduates prefer clinical work. That said, our research experts gathered helpful information about counseling psychology careers you can pursue besides being a therapist.
What else can a counseling psychologist do?
- Instructional Coordinator. Instructional coordinators keep an eye on school curriculums and teaching standards. They are also responsible for evaluating whether the education content improves teaching practices and student performance.
- Market Research Analyst. Market research analysts gather and analyze data about consumers and business competitors. They also help clients understand the products people want, who will buy them, and how much customers will pay.
- UX Researcher. A user experience (UX) researcher gathers and analyzes consumer data to ensure that their experience with using a product is simple and effective.
- Forensic Science Technician. They collect and analyze evidence to help with criminal investigations. Forensic science technicians specialize in crime science investigation or laboratory analysis. Meanwhile, applying psychology in criminal investigation involves assessing how to retrieve crime scene information best and analyzing criminal behavior.
- Mental Health Case Manager. A mental health case manager works with service providers to ensure patients receive the best care they can afford.
Other Things You Should Know About Counseling Psychology Careers
Is counseling psychology the same as clinical psychology?
Counseling psychology and clinical psychology are distinct and have different scopes of work.
Counseling psychologists work with clients experiencing everyday stressors in their relationships, careers, or personal lives. They use a preventative approach to help clients cope with stressors before they become bigger issues.
Clinical psychologists, on the other hand, often specialize in diagnosing and treating severe mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder. They may conduct psychological assessments, develop treatment plans, and utilize evidence-based therapy approaches to address complex mental health conditions. In some states and territories, they can also prescribe medicine.
What field of psychology makes the most money?
While salary can vary depending on experience, location, and work setting, some psychology specialties typically pay more. Industrial-Organizational (I-O) psychology, which focuses on workplace behavior and employee well-being, is often cited as one of the highest-paying areas of psychology. Payscale data shows that professionals with a graduate degree in organizational psychology typically earn about $75,000, while I-O psychologists make $94,814.
What are the pros and cons of being a counseling psychologist?
Like any path, counseling psychology careers come with pros and cons. While the work can be stimulating and meaningful, prospective counselors may be put off by the emotional toll and compensation that comes with it.
Pros of Being a Counseling Psychologist
- Meaningful Work. Counseling psychologists play a vital role in improving the lives of others. They help individuals overcome mental health challenges, navigate difficult emotions, and develop healthier coping mechanisms. Witnessing the positive impact of their work can be incredibly rewarding.
- Intellectual Stimulation. The field of psychology is constantly evolving, with new research and theories emerging. Counseling psychologists have the opportunity to stay engaged in lifelong learning.
- Career Options. There is a diverse range of career paths available in counseling psychology. You can work in private practice, community mental health centers, hospitals, or schools. This variety allows you to find a work environment that aligns with your interests and preferences.
- High Demand. Qualified mental health professionals are in extremely high demand. This translates to job security and good earning potential for counseling psychologists.
Cons of Being a Counseling Psychologist
- Emotional Toll. Counseling psychologists regularly listen to individuals share their struggles and experiences, which can be emotionally draining.
- Stressful Environment. The mental health field can be fast-paced and stressful. Counselors may face heavy caseloads, demanding schedules, and challenging clients. Time management and stress management skills are essential.
- Limited Salary. While salaries for counseling psychologists are generally good, they may not be as high as other professions requiring similar educational backgrounds. This is especially true for those working in non-profit or public service settings.
What is a day in the life of a counseling psychologist?
The responsibilities of counseling psychologists include:
- Helping clients understand the nature of their issues
- Aiding clients in developing insights into their situations
- Guiding clients in addressing their situations
- Tracking clients progress
On a typical day, a counseling psychologist might run individual or group therapy sessions. They might also administer psychological assessments, develop treatment plans, collaborate with other mental health professionals, or complete paperwork and documentation. They might also spend time reading up on current research in the field.
How do counseling psychology programs emphasize empathetic communication skills and cultural sensitivity?
Counseling psychology programs prioritize the cultivation of empathetic communication skills and cultural sensitivity. Through specialized coursework and experiential learning opportunities, students engage in role-playing scenarios, case studies, and discussions that promote understanding of diverse perspectives and effective therapeutic techniques. These programs emphasize active listening, nonverbal communication, and rapport-building strategies to enhance the therapeutic alliance with clients. Additionally, they integrates cultural competence training to address the unique needs of clients from various backgrounds, ensuring that our graduates are well-equipped to provide ethical and inclusive counseling services in today's diverse society.
How does a counseling psychology program in the US prepare students for licensure?
A counseling psychology program in the US prepares students for licensure through the following steps and components:
- Accredited Curriculum: Programs are designed to meet the educational requirements set by state licensing boards, including courses in human development, psychopathology, assessment, and counseling techniques.
- Supervised Clinical Hours: Students must complete a specified number of supervised clinical hours through practicums and internships. These experiences provide hands-on training in real-world settings under the supervision of licensed professionals.
- Practicum Placements: Early in the program, students participate in practicum placements, where they begin to apply counseling theories and techniques in a supervised setting. These placements help students gain foundational skills.
- Internships: Typically, in the latter part of the program, students complete internships that involve more intensive, full-time clinical work. Internships provide in-depth experience in assessing and treating clients, and often fulfill part of the supervised hour requirements for licensure.
- Licensing Exam Preparation: Programs often include specific courses or workshops aimed at preparing students for the licensing exams, such as the National Counselor Examination (NCE) or state-specific exams. These prep courses cover exam content, test-taking strategies, and practice questions.
- Ethics and Professional Practice: Courses on ethics and professional practice are included to ensure that students understand the legal and ethical standards of the profession, which are crucial for licensure and practice.
- Research Opportunities: Students may engage in research projects or theses that help them develop a deeper understanding of counseling theories and practices. Research skills can be beneficial for both the licensure process and professional development.
- Continued Supervision: Even after completing their degree, graduates often need to continue accruing supervised hours during their post-graduate work until they meet the state’s requirements for independent practice.
- Licensure Guidance and Support: Programs usually offer guidance on the licensure process, including assistance with application paperwork, understanding state-specific requirements, and ongoing support from faculty advisors.
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