Medical Billing and Coding – Salary & Requirements for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Medical and billing specialists mostly work in professional, scientific, and technical services and in hospitals. Employment in this profession is promising, with a projected growth rate of 7% from 2021 to 2031 and an average of 14,900 job openings each year (BLS, 2022).

How much do medical coders make? We have all the essential information to answer that question in this article. Our research team has gathered the latest available data on medical billing and coding salary from credible sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC). You will get an overview of salary ranges for different roles within the medical coding and billing profession and learn how you can further advance your career to increase your income. You can also start your education as a medical coder by checking the best medical coding online programs.

Medical Billing and Coding Salary & Requirements Table of Contents

1. Medical Billing and Coding Salary Range
2. Factors that Influence Medical Billing and Coding Salary
3. Medical Billing and Coding Salary: Advancement Opportunities and Salary Growth
4. Exploring Educational Pathways to Enter Medical Billing and Coding
5. Strategies for Maximizing Salaries in Medical Billing and Coding
6. How Can Advanced Education Elevate Your Medical Billing and Coding Career?
7. What skills are essential for medical billing and coding success?
8. What are the most affordable ways to start a career in medical billing and coding?
9. How Can Networking and Mentorship Advance Your Career in Medical Billing and Coding?
10. What are the certification requirements for medical billing and coding professionals?
11. How Can Integrating Pharmacy Education Enhance Your Medical Billing and Coding Career?
12. How Do Emerging Technologies and Regulatory Changes Impact Your Career?
13. How Can Your Medical Billing and Coding Skills Transition to Other Healthcare Roles?
14. Should I Pursue an Advanced Degree to Boost My Medical Billing and Coding Career?

Medical Billing and Coding Salary Range

How much does a medical biller and coder make? Our team looked at the latest information from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics and found that medical billing and coding specialists had a median annual wage of $46,660 in May 2021. For those who belonged in the lowest 10%, the salary was less than $29,430, while those who were in the top 10% brought home more than $74,200 (BLS, 2022). These figures were applicable to specialists working full-time, primarily in healthcare facilities that operate 24/7.

On the other hand, if we look at available data from the American Academy of Professional Coders, the medical billing and coding salary per hour stood at $27.91 per hour on average in 2022. This goes up to around $58,055 annually (AAPC, 2022).

Factors that Influence Medical Billing and Coding Salary

Several factors influence medical billing and coding salary ranges, which also happens in registered nurse jobs. These include the qualifications of the medical coder, years of experience, the work location, and the industry.

Education and Certification

Your education and certifications can impact the medical billing and coding salary you receive. For example, having completed an online associate degree in medical coding can qualify you for entry-level jobs with higher pay. Also, some employers might prefer someone who has obtained a degree in medical coding over applicants who do not possess any related education.

Certifications can also help you demand a higher medical coder salary. The Certified Professional Coder (CPC) credential, for instance, is one of the most recognized medical coding certifications in the healthcare industry.

The exam administered by the AAPC allows professionals to demonstrate their expertise in physician/non-physician provider documentation review, abstracting professional provider encounters, proficient coding skills with CPT, HCPCS Level II, ICD-10-CM, as well as knowledge of compliance and regulatory requirements for physician services.

Passing this exam provides individuals with a recognized validation of their competencies in these areas. Certified medical billers and coders without certification earn approximately 27% less than their certified colleagues (AAPC, 2023). Similarly, those with genetics masters degree without the applicable licensure and certifications earn less than their certified counterparts.

Work Experience

As we have seen in the medical billing and coding salary ranges, your years of experience can impact how much you earn. Experience, together with certifications, communicates to employers that you possess the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to succeed in various roles in the field.

To get a better idea of how years of work experience impact medical billing and coding salary ranges, here are some of the most in-demand roles in the profession. They are categorized into entry-level, mid-level, and senior specialist roles.

Entry-Level Positions

Entry-level medical coding and billing jobs can involve a wide range of responsibilities, from documenting medical services, to coding procedures, and reviewing medical reports to ensure accuracy. You can also expect to encode patient charts, check health insurance claims so they are accurate for submission, and maintain efficient and error-free healthcare billing systems.

So, as you can imagine, job roles at this experience level can still be very challenging since you have to handle and interpret various types of medical documentation, such as UB04 claim forms, medical records, and insurance claims. Moreover, you will need to have a lot of patience with people since some positions might also require you to work closely with clients and insurance companies to facilitate billing and payment processes for healthcare services.

• Medical Billing Specialist: As a medical billing specialist, the role involves serving as a liaison between the medical office and insurance companies, managing various aspects such as insurance claims, invoices, and payments, while also addressing rejected claims and diligently tracking payments. The salary for a medical billing specialist can be a good range for entry-level roles.Salary range: $41,843 to $49,279
• Electronic Health Records Specialist: This position is responsible for upholding accurate and current records of patients’ medical details and history. As an electronic health records specialist, you will ensure that patient paperwork, reports, and charts are completed according to the company’s procedures. Moreover, electronic health records specialists are also responsible for providing patient files to healthcare professionals to ensure smooth and efficient delivery of care.Salary range: $43,482 to $50,887
• Remote Medical Coder: Remote medical coders are medical coders who work outside of healthcare facilities. This is medical billing and coding working from home, so it can be more attractive for people who want to save on transportation expenses or achieve a better work-life balance. The responsibilities are similar to that of electronic health records specialists and you can expect to work with a team that includes medical billers, auditors, documentation specialists, and other health information technicians.Salary range: $43,482 to $50,887

Mid-Level Positions

Mid-level medical coding and billing jobs share some of the same responsibilities as entry-level roles. The differences might be in the level of education required for roles, the complexity of the tasks, years of working experience, and the level of decision-making required. For example, mid-level jobs may involve supervising or training entry-level employees. This is why medical billing and coding salary ranges for mid-level roles are also higher than entry-level roles.

• Medical Billing Auditor: The role of a medical billing auditor involves collaborating closely with healthcare providers to verify that their billing and coding practices align with regulatory requirements. They play a crucial role in identifying and reporting any discrepancies or errors in billing and coding procedures to maintain accuracy and compliance. Medical billing auditors also stay updated with the ever-changing regulations and guidelines in the field, ensuring that healthcare providers are informed of any updates. Additionally, they conduct thorough audits of medical records, coding, and billing processes to ensure the clinical information within the records is accurate, complete, and compliant with industry standards.Salary range: $53,683 to $81,000
• Medical Reimbursement Specialist: A medical reimbursement specialist works collaboratively with insurance companies and medical billing staff to effectively manage the billing and reimbursement process. You will be responsible for ensuring the accurate submission of claims and engaging in clear communication with insurance companies, patients, and healthcare providers. Additionally, part of your duties will involve releasing precise billing statements for patients and analyzing insurance documents to facilitate the reimbursement process.Salary range: $53,696 to $82,543

Senior-level Positions

Roles for senior-level professionals involve managing teams, providing expert advice, ensuring compliance, and developing strategies to improve revenue cycle performance. Aside from ensuring the accuracy of medical billing and coding practices, senior-level roles often include tasks analyzing data and identifying opportunities for improvement. The medical billing and coding salary ranges for senior-level roles can go beyond $100,000 annually, depending on the demands of the specific role.

• Medical Billing and Coding Trainer: As a Medical Billing and Coding Trainer, your primary responsibility is to train and onboard new medical billing and coding specialists, ensuring they understand their job duties and responsibilities. You will develop and deliver comprehensive training programs that cover the latest coding guidelines and regulations to keep specialists up to date. Providing feedback and coaching will help improve the coding accuracy and efficiency of the specialists. It is essential to maintain proficiency in medical coding and billing practices, including a thorough knowledge of CPT, ICD-10, and HCPCS codes, to effectively train and support the team.Salary range: $85,320 to $95,740
• Director of Revenue Cycle Management: The Director of Revenue Cycle Management holds the responsibility of developing and executing strategies to enhance cash flow and optimize the performance of the revenue cycle. They meticulously track various metrics associated with the patient engagement cycle, such as coding error rates and billing turnaround times, to conduct thorough revenue cycle analysis and generate comprehensive reports. Managing relationships with payers and providers, the Director aims to achieve high reimbursement rates and minimize denials. Additionally, they prioritize aggressive and efficient management of accounts receivable to ensure streamlined financial operations.Salary range: $107,077 to $230,636

Geographic Location

Geographical location plays a significant role in determining the salary of medical billing and coding specialists. Salaries can vary from state to state and even within different cities within the same state. It is common to find variations in medical billing and coding salaries based on the region. In states or cities where salaries are lower, considering a move to a state or city with higher salaries may be advantageous.

For example, the top-paying states for medical billing and coding specialists according to BLS:

• New Jersey
• California
• The District of Columbia
• Hawaii
• Connecticut

Meanwhile, here are the top-paying metropolitan areas:

• SacramentoRosevilleArden-Arcade, CA
• San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA
• San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
• Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
• Stockton-Lodi, CA

If you are targeting non-metropolitan areas, here are locations that provide the highest compensation:

• Northwest Virginia nonmetropolitan area
• Alaska nonmetropolitan area
• Northwest Colorado nonmetropolitan area
• Connecticut nonmetropolitan area
• Hawaii / Kauai nonmetropolitan area

Additionally, the cost of living and demand-supply dynamics in a particular area affects the medical billing salary you can receive. Higher living costs can limit the budget that healthcare organizations allocate to salaries. Moreover, the concentration of people requiring medical care in an area can impact the financial capacity of healthcare organizations to offer higher salaries.

Industry and Employment Setting

The type of industry and workplace also influence the medical biller salary you can expect. Though there is a high demand for medical coders in different industries, not all offer the same compensation.

For example, our research team checked the largest employers of medical billing and coding specialists. Hospitals (state, local, and private) led the top employers with 29% of the 186,400 jobs in 2021 belonging to this industry (BLS, 2022). However, working at hospitals will not necessarily give you the highest medical billing and coding salary. There is a chance that you can get higher offers if you work for an insurance company. That is because based on industries, insurance carriers are the top-paying employers for medical billing and coding specialists (BLS, 2022).

Furthermore, our researchers also looked at a comparison of the size of the workplaces of medical coders. We found that this also has an impact on the medical coding salary offer.

Working for health systems (consisting of three to 10 hospitals), for instance, can provide salaries up to 14% more than salaries offered by solo physicians or small physician groups (AAPC, 2023).

Medical Billing and Coding Salary: Advancement and Salary Growth

Since there are many factors that can impact medical billing and coding salary offers, it also means that you can do things that can help grow your salary. Based on the factors we discussed, here are ways to advance your career as a medical coder and qualify for higher-paying roles.

Consider a degree

Is a masters in health informatics worth it? Turns out it is, especially if you are determined to increase your income. We can see the difference a degree makes based on the survey by AAPC. Medical coders with a master’s degree (or higher) are offered over 29% higher salaries than those certified coders with no college. Also, the median salary for a medical coder with a bachelor’s degree is $60,008, while the median salary for a medical coder with an associate’s degree is $59,617 (Salary.com, 2023).

Earning a degree can give you a competitive advantage in the job market. That is because employers may be more likely to hire candidates with degrees, and those with degrees may be able to negotiate higher salaries. In addition, school reputation also plays an important role, just as the best online vet tech schools add value to their graduates.

Get Certified

Certifications can help grow medical billing and coding salary offers. They can give hiring managers more confidence in a coder or biller’s proficiency and also be a sign of your dedication and commitment to advancing your professional career. You can leverage your certifications when negotiating offers or asking for a raise.

Gain experience

Gaining experience is important for advancing a career and increasing your medical coding and billing salary. The tough part of gaining experience is the years you also have to spend working in a specific role. If you are just starting, consider taking on-the-job training or experiences that you can use when you apply for entry-level roles. Any related job experience can help you develop the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in this field.

Exploring Educational Pathways to Enter Medical Billing and Coding

Selecting the right educational pathway can significantly influence your journey into the medical billing and coding field. While several options are available, understanding the affordability and time commitment required for each can help optimize your entry into this fast-growing profession.

One of the most cost-effective routes is pursuing a cheapest easiest online degree, particularly when you are starting out in this field. These programs often provide a comprehensive curriculum covering essential skills like ICD-10 coding, CPT systems, and healthcare compliance. Additionally, online degree programs offer flexibility for working professionals or students managing tight schedules.

It's advisable to choose accredited programs that align with industry requirements, ensuring your qualification is recognized by prospective employers. Prioritize institutes that offer dedicated resources, such as preparatory materials for certification exams like the CPC or CCS. Investing in the right educational program not only reduces costs but also enhances your readiness for immediate employment upon graduation.

By opting for affordable and reputable programs, you can balance cost-efficiency with quality education, strategically positioning yourself for a successful entry into medical billing and coding.

Strategies for Maximizing Salaries in Medical Billing and Coding

While you are working on obtaining your certifications and gaining work experience as a medical coder, you can also consider these strategies on how you can increase your medical billing and coding salary.

Consider location

Medical billers and coders experience salary variations based on the state and even within cities within the same state. If you find yourself working in a state where the salaries for medical billing and coding are relatively low, it may be worth considering a relocation to a state that offers higher salary prospects in this field.

Consider specialization

Medical billing and coding salary can also be influenced by specialization, just as it enhances those discovering how to become a nurse path. Medical billers and coders who focus on a specific area, such as oncology or cardiology, may have the opportunity to earn higher salaries. By developing expertise and specialized knowledge in a particular field, you can demonstrate your value and demand higher compensation for your specialized skills.

Learn multiple systems

Companies or health systems use different coding features and processes for documenting patient records and information. By learning multiple systems and techniques, you become versatile and adaptable in handling various coding requirements. This flexibility allows you to work efficiently in different healthcare settings and increases your value as a medical coder.

Learning multiple coding systems also expands your career opportunities and equips you with the knowledge needed to adapt to different coding requirements in various healthcare settings.

How Can Advanced Education Elevate Your Medical Billing and Coding Career?

Pursuing advanced education can open doors to leadership roles and strategic responsibilities that extend beyond coding and billing tasks. A focused curriculum in healthcare management sharpens analytical and managerial capabilities while deepening your understanding of regulatory compliance, revenue cycle management, and healthcare policy. This educational advancement not only enriches your technical expertise but also positions you for supervisory and administrative roles within healthcare organizations. For an in‑depth exploration of such opportunities, consider exploring our article on master in healthcare administration online programs.

What skills are essential for medical billing and coding success?

To excel in medical billing and coding, certain skills are crucial for ensuring accuracy and efficiency in managing healthcare data. While education and certifications are important, developing the right skill set can significantly impact career success and salary potential. Here are key skills for medical billing and coding specialists:

• Attention to Detail. Accuracy is paramount in medical billing and coding. Mistakes can lead to claim denials or legal issues. Professionals need to be meticulous when assigning codes and handling patient records to avoid costly errors.
• Analytical Skills. Medical coders must analyze patient data, medical procedures, and insurance guidelines to determine the correct codes. Strong analytical skills are essential for understanding complex medical information and coding it accurately.
• Technical Proficiency. Proficiency with Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems and coding software is vital. Familiarity with various software tools used in the industry can improve efficiency and adaptability in different work environments.
• Communication Skills. Medical billers often need to interact with healthcare providers, patients, and insurance companies to resolve billing issues. Good communication skills help facilitate these interactions and ensure that claims are processed smoothly.
• Knowledge of Medical Terminology. Understanding medical terminology, anatomy, and physiology is crucial for accurately coding medical procedures and diagnoses. It ensures that coders can interpret healthcare documentation effectively.
• Problem-Solving Abilities. When discrepancies arise in billing or coding, the ability to troubleshoot and resolve issues is important. Medical billing and coding specialists need strong problem-solving skills to navigate complex scenarios.

What are the most affordable ways to start a career in medical billing and coding?

For those aspiring to enter the field of medical billing and coding, affordability is often a key consideration. With rising education costs, finding budget-friendly ways to start a career in this field can make a significant difference. Entry-level opportunities often require certifications or associate degrees, but selecting the right program can save you both time and money.

One of the best approaches is enrolling in a low-cost medical coding and billing online program, which provides a flexible and cost-effective way to gain essential skills and certifications. These programs typically cover the foundational aspects of coding systems like ICD-10 and CPT, ensuring you're job-ready while keeping expenses manageable. You can explore options such as the low cost medical coding and billing online program for a comprehensive list of quality, budget-friendly programs.

Additionally, many online platforms offer free or low-cost resources to supplement your education, such as practice exams, coding tools, and tutorials. Combining these with formal training can enhance your learning while keeping costs low, helping you launch a successful career in medical billing and coding without breaking the bank.

How Can Networking and Mentorship Advance Your Career in Medical Billing and Coding?

Establishing professional relationships and leveraging mentorship can be pivotal in navigating the complexities of the healthcare industry. Strategic networking—whether through industry associations, conferences, online communities, or local professional groups—provides access to insights on best practices, industry trends, and evolving regulatory standards. These connections can also open doors to unique opportunities that complement formal education. Additionally, mentorship offers personalized guidance and accountability, accelerating career growth while enhancing leadership skills. Engaging in initiatives such as accelerated medical assistant programs online further diversifies your skill set and supports long-term professional development.

What are the certification requirements for medical billing and coding professionals?

While entry-level medical billing and coding jobs might be available without formal certification, obtaining a professional certification can greatly enhance your career prospects, salary potential, and job security. There are several widely recognized certifications for medical billing and coding professionals, and obtaining one is often a key step in advancing within the field.

The most common certifications include the Certified Professional Coder (CPC) from the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) and the Certified Coding Specialist (CCS) from the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). These certifications require passing an exam that tests knowledge of medical codes, insurance procedures, and healthcare regulations. Additionally, obtaining a Certified Billing and Coding Specialist (CBCS) credential from the National Healthcareer Association (NHA) can help you stand out to potential employers.

For individuals just starting out, pursuing an affordable 4 week online course for medical coding and billing can be a great way to prepare for these certifications. These short programs provide the foundational knowledge needed for the certification exams, making it easier to gain the necessary credentials quickly and affordably. Once certified, professionals can increase their earning potential and qualify for higher-level positions, such as medical coding auditor or billing supervisor, within healthcare organizations.

How Can Integrating Pharmacy Education Enhance Your Medical Billing and Coding Career?

In today’s healthcare landscape, bridging expertise between medical billing and coding and pharmacy education offers a strategic advantage. Gaining insights into pharmaceutical protocols can improve accuracy in medication-related billing and enhance claims processing efficiency by aligning coding practices with real-time clinical data. This interdisciplinary approach not only addresses overlapping areas of regulatory compliance and insurance claims but also opens specialized roles that combine administrative precision with clinical insight. For further exploration of interdisciplinary education options, consider the best online accelerated PharmD programs.

Is Medical Billing and Coding a Good Career Choice?

As you consider a career in medical billing and coding, it's essential to weigh the pros and cons of this profession. To determine answer is medical billing and coding a good career, consider factors such as job satisfaction, growth opportunities, and work-life balance. By understanding the advantages and disadvantages of a career in medical billing and coding, you can make an informed decision about whether this profession aligns with your goals and aspirations.

How Do Emerging Technologies and Regulatory Changes Impact Your Career?

Emerging technologies and evolving healthcare regulations are reshaping the landscape of medical billing and coding. Automation, artificial intelligence, and advanced data analytics are streamlining coding processes and enhancing accuracy, which in turn may shift job responsibilities toward strategic oversight and quality control. At the same time, updates in regulatory policies require professionals to continuously adapt to ensure compliance with ever-changing standards. Staying current through targeted training and certifications is essential for maintaining competitive advantages in a dynamic market. For insight into advanced educational alternatives that broaden your expertise, consider exploring our guide on PharmD online programs.

How Can Your Medical Billing and Coding Skills Transition to Other Healthcare Roles?

Medical billing and coding expertise often opens pathways to broader roles within the healthcare industry, leveraging transferable skills in data management, regulatory compliance, and financial accuracy. Professionals can explore cross-disciplinary opportunities such as roles in healthcare administration, compliance auditing, or even transition to clinical support positions that require a robust understanding of billing practices. In parallel, acquiring insights into adjacent careers—such as understanding pharmacy school requirements—can help you assess complementary certifications that diversify your skill set and enhance overall career flexibility. Continuous professional development through industry-specific training and professional associations further reinforces your adaptability while strengthening your portfolio for interdisciplinary roles.

Should I Pursue an Advanced Degree to Boost My Medical Billing and Coding Career?

Advanced academic qualifications offer a pathway to transition from operational roles to leadership and management positions within healthcare organizations. A focused curriculum in healthcare administration equips professionals with strategic insights into revenue cycle optimization, regulatory compliance, and effective operational management. Pursuing an accelerated online bachelor's degree in healthcare administration can bridge the gap between technical expertise and managerial competencies, enhancing decision-making skills and broadening career opportunities. This investment not only positions you for higher responsibility roles but also underlines your commitment to staying ahead in an evolving healthcare environment.

Invest in Your Career as a Medical Billing and Coding Specialist

Our research team provided the major factors that impact medical billing and salary offers. These include education, certification, and work experience.

Though the jobs available for medical coders are plenty, they are also highly competitive. We surmise that you need to continuously invest in your know-how and skills to increase your income as a medical coder. It is also important to have patience and commitment in your work as a medical coder because it takes years and several certifications to develop your skills and qualify for high-paying roles.

If you need more options for lucrative careers in the health sector, check our guides on other healthcare careers. Start with the physician assistant occupation. It looks into pa vs nurse practitioner salary, degree, and career options.

Some medical billers also opt to become medical office administrators. Read our guide on how you can get a certificate in medical office administration.

Key Insights

• Promising Employment Growth: The medical billing and coding profession is expected to grow by 7% from 2021 to 2031, with an average of 14,900 job openings each year.
• Competitive Salaries: As of May 2021, the median annual wage for medical billing and coding specialists was $46,660. The top 10% earned more than $74,200 annually.
• Impact of Education and Certification: Higher education and certifications significantly influence salary ranges. Certified professionals earn approximately 27% more than their non-certified counterparts.
• Geographical Influence: Salaries vary by location, with top-paying states including New Jersey, California, and the District of Columbia. Metropolitan areas like Sacramento and San Francisco offer higher compensation.
• Industry Variation: While hospitals employ the most medical coders, working for insurance companies or large health systems can offer higher salaries.
• Career Advancement: Experience, advanced degrees, and specialization in fields like oncology or cardiology can lead to higher-paying roles and better career prospects.

FAQ

1. What is the median annual salary for medical billing and coding specialists? The median annual salary for medical billing and coding specialists was $46,660 as of May 2021. The lowest 10% earned less than $29,430, while the top 10% earned more than $74,200.
2. What factors influence the salary of a medical billing and coding specialist? Several factors influence the salary, including education and certifications, years of work experience, geographical location, and the industry or employment setting.
3. What certifications are beneficial for medical coders to increase their salary? Certifications such as the Certified Professional Coder (CPC) credential from the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) are highly beneficial. Certified professionals typically earn significantly more than their non-certified counterparts.
4. How does work experience affect the salary of medical billing and coding specialists? Experience plays a crucial role in determining salary. Entry-level positions offer lower salaries compared to mid-level and senior-level roles, which involve more complex tasks and decision-making responsibilities.
5. Which states offer the highest salaries for medical billing and coding specialists? The top-paying states for medical billing and coding specialists include New Jersey, California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, and Connecticut.
6. What are the top-paying metropolitan areas for medical billing and coding specialists? The top-paying metropolitan areas include Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA, San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA, San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA, and Stockton-Lodi, CA.
7. Can specialization in a specific medical field impact the salary of a medical coder? Yes, specialization in specific medical fields such as oncology or cardiology can lead to higher salaries due to the specialized knowledge and skills required.
8. What is the importance of learning multiple coding systems for medical coders? Learning multiple coding systems enhances a medical coder's versatility and adaptability, making them more valuable to employers and expanding their career opportunities.
9. How can medical billing and coding specialists advance their careers? Career advancement can be achieved through obtaining higher degrees, gaining additional certifications, specializing in specific medical fields, and gaining relevant work experience.
10. Is the job market for medical billing and coding specialists competitive? Yes, the job market is competitive. Continuous investment in education, certifications, and skill development is essential to stand out and secure higher-paying roles.

References:

• Bureau of Labor Statistics (2022). Medical Records Specialists. BLS
• American Academy of Professional Coders (2022). 10 Things to Know About a Career in Medical Coding. AAPC
• American Academy of Professional Coders (2023). 2023 Medical Coding and Billing Salary Report. AAPC
• Salary.com (2023). Salaries for Medical Coder with a Bachelor’s Degree. salary.com