How to Become a School Counselor for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Life as a student is not a walk in the park, as learners deal with rigorous courses, the pressure of attaining high grades, and maintaining a favorable image with teachers and other students. A recent study shows that more than 60% of college students have at least one mental health problem, which may include stress and anxiety. Educational institutions rely on school counselors, also known as guidance counselors, to help improve the daily lives of students.

This article maps out how to become a school counselor and explores the role's key responsibilities. It also supplies information critical to aspiring counselors, such as counseling techniques, skills to develop, job outlook, and salary projections.

Key Things You Should Know About Becoming a School Counselor

School counselors play a vital role in supporting the academic, personal, social, and career development of students.
To become a school counselor, the process typically takes about six to eight years.
Effective counselors contribute to a 3.4% increase in graduation rates for low-achieving students.
Job seekers can expect around 29,100 openings each year for school counselors and closely related roles from 2023 to 2033 in the United States.
The average annual salary of school counselors in the United States is $66,990, while the median annual salary is $61,710.
The industries that offer the highest average annual salaries, as seen in the chart below, are offices of health practitioners ($104,640), agencies, brokerages, and other insurance-related firms ($85,630), insurance and employee benefit funds ($84,900), government institutions ($81,130), and insurance carriers ($77,560).

What does a school counselor do?
How to Become a School Counselor
How long does it take to become a school counselor?
What are the counseling techniques applied by school counselors?
What key skills are essential for successful school counselors?
What are the top certifications for school counselors?
What are the career paths of aspiring school counselors?
What are the key challenges school counselors face today?
What are the ethical and legal considerations for school counselors?
How Can School Counselors Enhance Diversity and Inclusion Strategies?
How can school counselors manage stress and prevent burnout?
How can school counselors integrate applied behavior analysis into their practice?
How does the school counselor role differ from related mental health professionals?
How Can School Counselors Evaluate Their Effectiveness?
What advanced credentials can propel a school counselor’s career?
What is the job outlook for school counselors?
What is the average salary of school counselors?
How is technology transforming school counseling?
What Are the Professional Development Opportunities for School Counselors?
Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a School Counselor

What does a school counselor do?

School counselors play a vital role in supporting the academic, personal, social, and career development of students. They offer advice and support and collaborate with teachers whenever necessary. In serious cases, they can conduct interventions. Their responsibilities vary depending on the school level (elementary, middle, or high school), but they typically include:

Academic Support: Counselors helping students improve study habits, time management, and organizational skills. They assist with course selection, scheduling, and overcoming academic challenges.
Career Guidance: These professionals support students in exploring career options, setting future goals, and planning for college or vocational training. They often provide resources on scholarships, financial aid, and internships. For students considering careers in healthcare and communication sciences, counselors may provide information on how to become an audiologist, including educational requirements and potential career paths.
Social and Emotional Support: School counselors address students' mental health needs by offering individual or group counseling, mediating conflicts, and providing coping strategies for stress, anxiety, or other challenges. They also help students navigate issues like bullying or family problems. They may also connect students with most affordable online counseling in substance abuse programs if they or their family members require support in overcoming addiction-related challenges.
Crisis Intervention: Guidance counselors respond to emergencies such as trauma, abuse, or suicidal ideation. Counselors work with external agencies and families to provide resources and interventions. In some cases, they may guide students toward careers in mental health services, explaining the requirements to be a substance abuse counselor for those interested in helping individuals recover from addiction.
Collaboration: These professionals can work closely with teachers, administrators, and parents to create a supportive school environment. They may lead initiatives to promote inclusion, diversity, and mental health awareness.
Advocacy: School counselors act as advocates for students, ensuring they receive the resources and support they need to succeed academically and personally.

How to Become a School Counselor

For aspirants to become school counselors, they have to earn an undergraduate degree and a master's degree in counseling or a related field. They should also complete the requisite hours of practicum and pass a standardized test before they are issued a license. Here is a simple step-by-step guide on how to become a school counselor:

Earn a Bachelor’s Degree: The initial step to becoming a school counselor is to complete a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field, such as psychology, education, or counseling. This foundational degree equips students with essential knowledge for graduate studies and a career in counseling. Distance learners can pursue online counseling degree programs.
Complete a Master’s Degree in School Counseling: Aspiring school counselors must then enroll in an accredited master’s program in school counseling or a closely related discipline. These programs typically cover critical topics such as counseling theories, ethics, child and adolescent development, and assessment techniques. Most also include a hands-on practicum or internship in a school setting to provide valuable real-world experience. Learners who want to study online can take online master of school counseling programs. Those interested in leadership or administrative roles might also weigh their options between an MPA or MBA, which is better for advancing their careers.
Fulfill Practicum and Internship Requirements: As part of their graduate studies, candidates are required to complete supervised practicum and internship hours within a school environment. These experiences enable them to apply their academic learning in practical situations while working under the supervision of licensed professionals.
Pass Required Licensure Exams: Most states mandate that school counselors pass specific licensure exams, such as the Praxis School Counselor Exam, the National Counselor Examination (NCE), or state-specific assessments like the TExES in Texas or the CBEST in California. These exams evaluate candidates' knowledge of counseling practices, ethics, and educational standards.
Apply for State Licensure or Certification: After fulfilling the educational and examination requirements, candidates must apply for licensure or certification through their state’s Department of Education or licensing board. This process typically involves submitting proof of their degree, internship hours, exam scores, and passing a background check.
Meet Additional Requirements (If Applicable): Some states may have additional qualifications for licensure, such as prior teaching experience or a teaching license. These requirements can vary by state and should be confirmed early in the process.
Begin a Career as a School Counselor: Once licensed, individuals can apply for school counseling positions at elementary, middle, or high schools. They may also explore opportunities in private schools, virtual schools, or educational organizations.
Maintain Licensure Through Continuing Education: To retain their licensure, school counselors are generally required to complete continuing education units (CEUs) or professional development courses. This ongoing education ensures they stay updated on new techniques, trends, and policies in the field of school counseling.

To ensure that they will receive quality education, aspirants are advised to prioritize CACREP accredited online masters counseling programs, as well as those recognized by regional accrediting agencies.

How long does it take to become a school counselor?

To become a school counselor, the process typically takes about six to eight years. The first step is to complete a bachelor's degree, which usually requires around four years of study. While the degree doesn't have to be specifically in counseling, related fields such as psychology or education are beneficial. After obtaining a bachelor's degree, aspiring school counselors must earn a master's degree in school counseling or a related field, which generally takes an additional two to three years. Most master's programs also require students to complete a practicum and an internship, adding several months to the timeline depending on the program's structure and requirements.

The fastest way to become a licensed counselor has students take accelerated or bridge programs, which eliminate recurring courses and speed up the coursework in exchange for heavier courseloads per term.

Finally, candidates must meet state-specific certification requirements, which may include passing exams and completing background checks. Overall, individuals can expect to invest several years in education and training before becoming fully qualified school counselors.

The chart below shows what majors many of the school counselors in the country have.

What are the counseling techniques applied by school counselors?

School counselors use various counseling techniques to support students' academic, social, emotional, and career development. These methods are tailored to individual needs and sometimes involve collaboration with educators. Here are some common techniques:

Individual Counseling: School counselors hold individual sessions with students to address their unique needs. They perform active listening, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) strategies, and collaborative goal-setting to create personalized plans.
Group Counseling: Small groups of students who share similar challenges or goals, such as coping with grief or improving social skills, meet together. Peer discussions, role-playing, and problem-solving are used.
Solution-Focused Brief Counseling (SFBC): This approach focuses on solutions rather than dwelling on problems. Counselors help students identify their strengths and set achievable goals.
Cognitive Behavioral Techniques: These techniques help students identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. Students learn coping mechanisms like mindfulness and how to challenge irrational beliefs.
Behavior Modification: This involves encouraging positive behaviors and discouraging negative ones. Counselors use reinforcement strategies, such as reward systems.
Career Counseling: School counselors guide students in exploring career options and setting future goals. They may use interest inventories, aptitude assessments, and provide information about scholarships and internships.
Play Therapy: Play therapy is often used with younger children to help them express emotions and solve problems. Counselors use toys, puppets, and other tools.
Crisis Intervention Counseling: During emergencies, such as a traumatic event or bullying, school counselors provide immediate support. They use active listening, and de-escalation techniques, and connect students with mental health resources.
Social Skills Training: Social skills training teaches students how to build and maintain healthy relationships. Counselors use role-playing, communication exercises, and conflict-resolution strategies.
Mindfulness and Stress Management Techniques: These techniques help students manage stress and anxiety. Counselors teach relaxation strategies, such as guided breathing and meditation.

What key skills are essential for successful school counselors?

Successful school counselors need a variety of skills to support students' academic, social, emotional, and career development effectively. These skills are broad, allowing aspirants to enter careers beyond school counseling. In addition, effective counselors who have mastered these skills contribute to a 3.4% increase in graduation rates for low-achieving students.

The most relevant skills include the following:

Active Listening: This skill involves giving students full attention, understanding their feelings, and asking thoughtful questions. It helps students feel supported and valued.
Effective Communication: Being able to explain ideas clearly and with empathy is important for working with students, parents, and teachers. Counselors need to adjust how they communicate to fit different people and situations.
Cultural Sensitivity: Understanding and respecting students’ cultural backgrounds helps counselors build trust. It’s important to be aware of how culture can affect a student’s experiences and feelings.
Crisis Intervention: School counselors need to recognize and respond to serious problems like bullying or mental health issues. They must identify warning signs early and take steps to help students in need.
Problem-Solving Skills: Counselors help students handle challenges by figuring out the problem and coming up with practical solutions. Good critical thinking is key for guiding students through tough situations.
Empathy: Understanding how students feel is very important for building trust and offering support. Empathy helps counselors connect with students and make them feel safe.
Collaboration: Counselors work as a team with teachers, parents, and administrators to help students succeed. They make sure everyone is working together to meet the students’ needs.
Program Development: Counselors create and manage programs that support students in areas like academics, emotions, and future planning. These programs are designed to help students thrive.
Technology Proficiency: Knowing how to use technology is important for today’s counselors. It helps them keep records, communicate, and provide creative ways to help students learn.
Advocacy: Counselors stand up for students and make sure they get the resources and support they need. They work to give every student the chance to succeed.

Having knowledge in different forms of counseling is also an advantage since these can be applied to the situations of learners. This is why some school counseling programs carry a wide array of subjects, like substance abuse counseling online courses and those for other branches of the discipline.

According to 2025 data from Zippia, the most common skills on the CVs of school counselors are mental health (10%), community resources (7.9%), crisis intervention (5.5%), professional development (5%), behavioral issues (4.5%), CPR (4.2%), and social work (4.1%).

The chart below shows the US states that hire the most school counselors.

What are the top certifications for school counselors?

Certifications demonstrate specialized knowledge and skills, validating a school counselor's expertise in areas like program development, specific student needs, or supervisory roles. They can enhance professional credibility, career opportunities, and ensure counselors stay up-to-date with best practices, ultimately benefiting the students they serve. Here are some of the most relevant certifications:

National Certified School Counselor (NCSC): This certification, offered by the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), requires candidates to first hold the National Certified Counselor (NCC) credential. Applicants must also meet specific educational, examination, and supervised experience criteria. Achieving the NCSC certification signifies a commitment to excellence and adherence to high standards in school counseling practice.
ASCA-Certified School Counselor (ACSC): This certification from the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) highlights expertise in developing, implementing, and evaluating school counseling programs. It emphasizes professionalism, ethical practice, and a commitment to ongoing professional growth.
School Counseling Certification PK-12: Available through institutions like Immaculata University, this certification focuses on preparing counselors to provide comprehensive support to students in grades PK-12. It includes coursework in child development, counseling techniques, and ethics to ensure counselors are equipped to meet diverse student needs.
Certificate in School Counseling: Programs such as the one at Antioch University offer advanced, post-master’s training in school counseling. These certificates prepare counselors to deliver culturally sensitive support, addressing students’ academic, social, emotional, and career development needs.
School Counseling Supervision Certificate: Offered by organizations like the California Association of School Counselors (CASC), this certificate provides advanced training for counselors overseeing fieldwork students. It aligns with updated state standards for supervising school counseling practices and fostering leadership in the field.
International School Counseling Certificate: Tailored for counselors in international schools, this certification provides specialized training to address the unique challenges of students in global educational environments. It equips professionals with the tools to support multicultural and diverse student populations effectively.

What are the career paths of aspiring school counselors?

Aspirants have various careers in counseling available to them, allowing them to work in diverse educational settings and roles. They can also find opportunities outside the bounds of educational institutions, given their broad competencies. Some are even known to open their private practice firms. Here are some of the common career paths:

Elementary School Counselor: Counselors in this role focus on the developmental needs of young children, helping them with academic skills, social adjustment, and emotional well-being. They often implement programs that promote positive behavior and conflict resolution.
Middle School Counselor: Middle school counselors support students during a critical transitional period, addressing academic challenges, social dynamics, and personal issues. They provide guidance on study skills and help students navigate peer relationships.
High School Counselor: High school counselors assist students in preparing for post-secondary education and careers. They provide college counseling, help with applications, and offer resources for vocational training, while also addressing any social or emotional issues students may face.
College or University Counselor: These counselors work in higher education institutions, focusing on students’ academic success, career planning, and personal development. They may also provide mental health support and facilitate workshops on various topics.
Vocational Counselor: Vocational counselors specialize in helping individuals explore career options and develop job-seeking skills. They may work in community colleges or vocational schools, assisting students in identifying their strengths and interests related to the workforce.
Private Practice Counselor: Some school counselors choose to open private practices where they can provide counseling services independently. This path allows for greater flexibility in client selection and therapeutic approaches.
Community Counseling: Counselors can also work in community organizations that support youth development, mental health services, or family counseling programs. This role often involves collaboration with schools to provide additional resources for students.
Administrative Roles: With experience, school counselors may advance into administrative positions such as school counseling coordinator or director of student services, overseeing counseling programs and staff within a school district.

What are the key challenges school counselors face today?

School counselors encounter multifaceted challenges that extend beyond traditional academic guidance. They must balance increasing demands for mental health support, navigate a complex web of ethical and legal considerations, and integrate emerging digital tools without compromising the personal connection essential to counseling. Additionally, limited resources and administrative burdens can hinder timely and individualized student assistance. Pursuing advanced training—such as the insights provided by online MFT degrees—can equip professionals with strategies to address these evolving challenges.

What are the ethical and legal considerations for school counselors?

School counselors operate within a framework of stringent ethical and legal responsibilities that are crucial to protecting student welfare. They must balance confidentiality with mandatory reporting obligations while ensuring compliance with state and federal guidelines. Counselors are required to uphold clear documentation practices, accurately record interactions, and seek supervision or legal consultation when conflicts arise. This vigilant observance of ethical principles and legal mandates not only safeguards the rights of students but also minimizes institutional liability. For additional insights on compensation trends and related responsibilities, refer to the mental health counselor salary.

How Can School Counselors Enhance Diversity and Inclusion Strategies?

School counselors can advance their impact by implementing inclusive practices that address the varied cultural, socioeconomic, and linguistic needs of students. Integrating specialized training in cultural competence, tailoring intervention methods for underrepresented groups, and collaborating with community resources can strengthen support systems for diverse student populations. Additionally, researching related certification programs—such as ABA certification online cost—can offer counselors insights into adaptive behavioral techniques that complement inclusive counseling strategies.

How can school counselors manage stress and prevent burnout?

School counselors face significant occupational pressures, making it essential to adopt targeted strategies for managing stress and preventing burnout. Implementing structured self-care routines, setting clear work-life boundaries, and seeking regular professional supervision can help mitigate the cumulative effects of high job demands. Integrating mindfulness techniques and leveraging support networks within the school community further enhance resilience and emotional balance. Additionally, understanding compensation trends—such as insights on substance abuse counselor salary—can aid in aligning expectations with responsibilities, fostering overall well-being and sustained career satisfaction.

How can school counselors integrate applied behavior analysis into their practice?

Incorporating applied behavior analysis techniques offers school counselors a structured framework to evaluate and modify student behavior through measurable interventions. This approach supports the development of targeted behavior intervention plans while reinforcing evidence-based practices that improve student engagement and academic success. Counselors can advance their expertise by enrolling in online applied behavior analysis master's programs, which equip them with the skills necessary to implement these strategies effectively and tailor interventions to individual student needs.

How does the school counselor role differ from related mental health professionals?

School counselors primarily focus on academic planning, personal guidance, and crisis intervention within educational environments, setting them apart from practitioners who perform diagnostic assessments and long-term therapeutic interventions. Their responsibilities include timely student support and implementing structured programs that promote academic and social development. In contrast, professionals such as school psychologist vs school social worker concentrate on specialized evaluations and extended behavioral therapies, facilitating a clear division of roles that strengthens collaborative support for students.

How Can School Counselors Evaluate Their Effectiveness?

School counselors assess the impact of their interventions by implementing data-driven strategies that track student outcomes. By analyzing academic performance, attendance rates, behavioral adjustments, and self-reported well-being, counselors can identify trends and optimize support methods. Integrating systematic evaluation protocols and collaborating with educational and mental health professionals further refines these assessments. Leveraging insights from advanced training, including opportunities available through cheapest online master's programs in psychology, strengthens the adoption of evidence-based practices.

What advanced credentials can propel a school counselor’s career?

Advancing beyond a master’s degree can provide school counselors with specialized competencies and leadership opportunities. Pursuing a doctoral-level credential—such as through rigorous PsyD online programs—enables professionals to deepen their expertise in areas like crisis management, advanced therapeutic techniques, and strategic educational leadership. These advanced credentials not only enhance clinical proficiency but also open doors to roles in program development, policy advising, and higher-level administration within educational or mental health institutions.

What is the job outlook for school counselors?

According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the employment of school counselors is set to climb by 4% from 2023 to 2033, which shares the same pace as the national average. This will bring the number of school counselors in the country from 360,800 in 2023 to about 377,000 by 2033. Aspirants have ample opportunities to find gainful employment.

In the same period, job seekers can expect around 29,100 openings each year for school counselors and closely related roles in the United States. Meanwhile, the sectors that have the highest employment levels for school counselors are elementary and secondary schools (162,610), postsecondary institutions (85,280), junior colleges (25,790), vocational rehabilitation services (8,180), and individual and family services (6,640).

What is the average salary of school counselors?

According to the BLS, the average annual salary of school counselors in the United States is $66,990, while the median annual salary is $61,710. Both figures are significantly higher than the national average of $48,060. Aspiring counselors can expect decent pay when they enter the professional realm, which stands to go higher with experience and if one finds opportunities in high-demand areas.

The US states that offer the highest annual pay to school counselors are California ($85,820), Washington ($81,280), Massachusetts ($79,670), New Jersey ($79,030), and Maryland ($76,250).

Meanwhile, the industries that offer the highest average annual salaries, as seen in the chart below, are offices of health practitioners ($104,640), agencies, brokerages, and other insurance-related firms ($85,630), insurance and employee benefit funds ($84,900), government institutions ($81,130), and insurance carriers ($77,560).

How is technology transforming school counseling?

Technology is rapidly transforming school counseling in several key ways. It is enhancing efficiency, expanding access to resources, and allowing for more data-driven decision-making. Here's how tech is affecting various areas of school counseling:

Data Management and Analysis: Technology enhances counselors' ability to manage and analyze student data. Secure online databases facilitate tracking student records, academic progress, and assessment results. Data analytics allows counselors to identify students needing additional support, monitor their progress, and evaluate intervention effectiveness, enabling timely and targeted assistance.
Digital Communication: Digital communication tools have revolutionized counselor-student interaction. Platforms like email, messaging apps, and video conferencing provide greater accessibility for students to schedule appointments and participate in virtual counseling sessions. This flexibility allows for personalized support while maintaining privacy and confidentiality through secure channels.
Interactive Learning Tools: Technology enables school counselors to create innovative and interactive lessons. Utilizing digital resources, counselors can promote social-emotional learning, foster self-awareness, and encourage healthy self-expression. This shift to interactive platforms creates a more immersive learning experience.
Telehealth Counseling: Telehealth services allow counselors to provide remote mental health support, increasing access for students. This has become particularly crucial following the pandemic, ensuring continuity of care for students facing barriers to in-person visits.
Emerging Technologies: Advancements like artificial intelligence (AI), chatbots, and virtual reality (VR) hold promise for further enhancing school counseling. These technologies can offer personalized, engaging support tailored to individual student needs.

What Are the Professional Development Opportunities for School Counselors?

Professional development remains a cornerstone for maintaining effective counseling practices. School counselors benefit from a variety of advanced training initiatives, workshops, and interdisciplinary collaborations that enhance their expertise and adaptive strategies. Participation in targeted certification programs and continuing education courses ensures that counselors stay abreast of evolving best practices and legislative changes. Exploring opportunities such as how to become a family therapist can expand a counselor’s toolkit, supporting more comprehensive approaches to student well-being. Networking with experienced peers and engaging in accredited professional forums further contribute to the continual refinement of skills necessary for addressing diverse educational needs.

Here's What School Counselors Say About Their Jobs

"The connection I build with students and their families is what makes this job so special. Being a safe and supportive presence, helping them navigate the ups and downs of school and life, creates a sense of purpose I wouldn't trade for anything." - Stephanie

"Every day as a school counselor brings new opportunities to inspire and empower young minds. I cherish the moments when students share their dreams and fears with me, knowing that I can provide guidance and support as they navigate their paths. The impact we make together is what keeps me passionate about this work." - Victoria

"As a school counselor, I have the privilege of supporting students through both their academic challenges and personal struggles. The relationships I build with them create a safe space for growth and resilience, and seeing them thrive fills me with immense pride and fulfillment. It’s more than just a job; it’s a calling." - Nadia

Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a School Counselor

Can you become a school counselor without a master's degree?

A master's degree in school counseling is typically required for licensure in most states. Although some states may offer limited alternative pathways for individuals with a bachelor's and substantial experience, these are uncommon and often involve restrictions. Consulting the state's licensing board is essential to understand the specific requirements.

What degree is best for school counseling?

The best degree for aspiring school counselors is a master's degree in school counseling or a closely related field, such as educational psychology or counseling psychology. This advanced degree equips candidates with the necessary skills and knowledge to support K-12 students effectively, covering essential topics like counseling theories, child development, and assessment techniques. Additionally, many states require this degree for licensure, making it a critical step in pursuing a career as a school counselor.

What is the typical schedule of a guidance counselor?

A school counselor's schedule is typically busy and varied, revolving around the school day and student needs. It often includes a mix of scheduled activities like individual and group counseling, meetings with parents and teachers, and administrative tasks, alongside responding to unexpected crises or student needs that may arise. Flexibility is key, as their day can shift depending on student emergencies, school events, or required meetings.

What tests should you take to become a licensed school counselor?

To become a licensed school counselor, candidates typically need to take specific exams that vary by state. The most common requirement is the Praxis School Counselor Exam, which assesses the knowledge and skills necessary for entry-level school counselors. Additionally, some states may require passing state-specific tests, such as the GACE in Georgia or the CBEST in California, to ensure candidates meet local educational standards and competencies.

References:

American Psychological Association (2022, October 1). Student mental health is in crisis. Campuses are rethinking their approach. American Psychological Association
BLS (2024, April 3). 21-1012 Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors. BLS
BLS (2024, August 29). School and Career Counselors and Advisors. BLS
Mulhern, C. (2020, May 5). Better School Counselors, Better Outcomes. Education Next
Zippia (2025, January 8). School Counselor Education Requirements. Zippia
Zippia (2025, January 8). School Counselor skills for your resume and career. Zippia