Best Careers to Pursue With an Economics Master’s Degree for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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A master’s degree in economics opens the door to a world of high-impact and rewarding career opportunities. With advanced skills in data analysis, critical thinking, and policy evaluation, graduates are well-equipped to thrive in roles that influence business strategies, government policies, and global markets. From consulting and financial analysis to roles in public policy and research, a master’s in economics provides the tools needed to tackle complex challenges and make a significant impact across industries.

This guide will walk you through the best careers you can pursue with a master's degree in economics.

Key Things You Should Know About Economics Master's Degree Careers for 2025:

• Diverse Career Paths: A master’s in economics can lead to roles in various industries, including finance, consulting, public policy, academia, and international organizations. Common job titles include economist, data analyst, policy advisor, and market researcher.
• High Earning Potential: Professionals with a master’s in economics often command competitive salaries. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, economists earn a median annual salary of over $100,000, with the potential for higher earnings in specialized or senior roles.
• Strong Demand Across Sectors: Organizations in both the public and private sectors value economics graduates for their ability to analyze data, forecast trends, and inform strategic decisions. Industries like tech, healthcare, and energy increasingly rely on economic expertise.
• Opportunities in Public Policy and International Development: Many economics graduates work with government agencies, think tanks, and global organizations like the World Bank or IMF, addressing issues like poverty reduction, trade policy, and sustainable development.
• Critical Role in Data-Driven Decision-Making: With the rise of big data, companies and governments need professionals who can interpret complex datasets and provide actionable insights. An economics degree enhances analytical and quantitative skills crucial in today’s job market.
• Flexibility for Specialization: A master’s degree allows for specialization in areas like behavioral economics, environmental economics, or health economics, enabling graduates to align their careers with personal interests and emerging industry needs.

Table of Contents

1. Best Careers to Pursue with a Master’s Degree in Economics for 2025
2. What is a master’s in economics?
3. What are the typical requirements for a master’s in economics?
4. What are the different specializations available in a master's in economics program?
5. What are the benefits of obtaining an economics master’s degree?
6. What skills are relevant when pursuing economics master's degree careers?
7. What is the job outlook for economics master's degree careers?
8. What are the alternatives to traditional economics master's degree careers?
9. Can an MBA Complement My Economics Master's Degree?
10. Should I Consider an Online MBA Alongside My Economics Master’s Degree?
11. How do you choose the right economics master’s degree program?
12. Should I Consider Pursuing a DBA to Expand My Economics Expertise?
13. What emerging trends are shaping economics master’s degree careers?
14. Could an Accelerated MBA Further Boost Your Economics Career?
15. What is the difference between a master’s in economics and a master’s in finance?
16. How can you transition to roles beyond economics master's degree careers?
17. What Is the Return on Investment for an Economics Master’s Degree?
18. How Can You Verify the Quality and Credibility of an Economics Master’s Program?
19. Can Entrepreneurship Amplify Your Economics Master’s Degree Career?
20. Other Things You Should Know About Economics Master's Degree Careers

Best Careers to Pursue with a Master’s Degree in Economics for 2025 

A master’s degree in economics opens up a wide range of high-impact career opportunities across industries. Here are some of the best careers to pursue with this advanced degree:

Economist

Job Description: Economists analyze economic and statistical data, forecast economic trends, and advise governments, corporations, or research institutions on policy and strategy. They also conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. 

If you look at the salary outlook for economists, it's easy to say that economics is a good choice for those looking for high paying master's degrees.

Average Annual Salary: $132,650

Median Annual Wage: $115,730

Job Outlook (2023-2033): 5% 

Data Analyst or Data Scientist

Job Description: Data scientists develop and implement techniques or analytics applications to transform raw data into relevant information using data-oriented programming languages and visualization software. They apply data mining, data modeling, natural language processing, and machine learning to extract and analyze information from large structured and unstructured datasets. They use statistical tools and economic models to visualize and interpret complex datasets, report data findings, and provide insights that drive business and policy decisions.

Average Annual Salary: $119,040

Median Annual Wage: $108,020

Job Outlook (2023-2033): 36%

Financial and Investment Analyst

Job Description: Financial and investment analysts conduct quantitative analyses of information involving investment programs or financial data of public or private institutions, including valuation of businesses. They specialize in investment strategies and market trends. Financial analysts work in banks, hedge funds, or corporate finance departments to optimize financial performance.

So, if you have an accelerated finance degree, you can focus on economics for your master's and pursue a lucrative and successful career as a financial analyst.

Average Annual Salary: $112,950

Median Annual Wage: $99,010

Job Outlook (2023-2033): 9%

Market Research Analyst

Job Description: Market research analysts and marketing specialists conditions in local, regional, national, or online markets. They gather information to determine the potential sales of a product or service, plan a marketing or advertising campaign, gather information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution, and employ search marketing tactics, analyze web metrics, and develop recommendations to increase search engine ranking and visibility to target markets. 

Average Annual Salary: $83,190

Median Annual Wage: $74,680

Job Outlook (2023-2033): 8%

Economics Professor

Job Description: Economics professors or postsecondary economics teachers teach courses in economics in colleges or universities. They also include those who do a combination of teaching and research.

Average Annual Salary: $133,650

Median Annual Wage: $115,300

Job Outlook (2023-2033): 8%

Economics Journalist

Job Description: Economics journalists narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary on topics like local and national economies, the job market, and fiscal policy for newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and other print and broadcast media. They collect and analyze information through interviews, observation and analysis, research, or investigation.

Average Annual Salary: $101,430

Median Annual Wage: $57,500

Job Outlook (2023-2033): -3%

What is a master’s in economics?

A master’s degree in economics is a post-graduate degree that provides students with a deep understanding of economic theory, quantitative analysis, and policy application. Typically completed in one to two years, the program builds on foundational economics knowledge to explore more specialized topics such as macroeconomics, microeconomics, econometrics, and applied economic research.

Students in a master’s program often have the flexibility to focus on areas of interest, such as financial economics, international trade, or public policy. The degree emphasizes developing skills in data analysis, critical thinking, and problem-solving, preparing graduates for roles in academia, government, corporate strategy, or research-intensive fields. It is an ideal choice for individuals seeking to enhance their expertise and make data-driven decisions in complex economic environments.

Economics isn't necessarily the easiest business major out there, but for those who are interested in studying market trends, resource allocation, policies that impact businesses and society, how industries function, and decision-making processes to solve real-world problems, it is a very practical choice.

What are the typical requirements for a master’s in economics?

To enroll in a master’s in economics program, applicants typically need to comply with certain requirements, which include: 

• Bachelor’s Degree: A degree from an accredited institution, preferably in economics, mathematics, finance, or a related field. Even the cheapest online business administration degree makes a good foundation for an economics master's degree.
• Prerequisite Courses: Completion of foundational courses such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, and statistics; some programs may also require calculus or econometrics.
• Minimum GPA: Most programs require a GPA of 3.0 or higher, although competitive programs may have stricter standards.
• Standardized Test Scores: Submission of Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) scores, though some programs may waive this requirement.
• Letters of Recommendation: Typically two to three letters from professors, employers, or professionals who can speak to the applicant’s qualifications and potential.
• Personal Statement: A written essay or statement of purpose explaining career goals, academic interests, and reasons for pursuing the degree.
• English Proficiency (for International Students): Proof of proficiency through exams like TOEFL or IELTS, if the applicant’s native language is not English.
• Work Experience (Optional): Some programs may prefer or require professional experience in economics-related roles, especially for applied or professional-focused tracks.

What is the best online associate degree in business administration? Check out our article on the topic.

What are the different specializations available in a master's in economics program?

A master’s in economics program offers students the opportunity to specialize in various areas, allowing them to tailor their education to specific career interests or industry needs. Here are some common specializations:

• Financial Economics: Focuses on the study of financial markets, investment strategies, and risk management, preparing graduates for roles in banking, asset management, or corporate finance.
• International Economics: Explores global trade, exchange rates, and international policy, equipping students to work in multinational organizations, government agencies, or international trade firms.
• Behavioral Economics: Combines psychology and economics to understand decision-making processes, ideal for careers in market research, policy design, or consumer behavior analysis.
• Environmental Economics: Concentrates on the economic impact of environmental policies and resource management, preparing graduates for roles in sustainability or environmental consultancy.
• Public Policy Economics: Examines how economic theory informs policy decisions, with applications in government, think tanks, or nonprofit organizations.
• Health Economics: Analyzes healthcare systems, resource allocation, and the economic factors affecting public health, paving the way for careers in health policy or consultancy.
• Data Analytics and Econometrics: Focuses on statistical modeling and data interpretation, essential for roles in data science, consulting, or advanced research.
• Development Economics: Studies economic growth and poverty reduction strategies in developing countries, often leading to opportunities in international organizations or NGOs.

While economics isn't exactly one of the easiest masters degrees, picking a specialization or area of focus that truly aligns with your interests is the recipe to having a successful career in the field.

What are the benefits of obtaining an economics master’s degree?

Earning a master’s degree in economics from a traditional or online business school provides numerous advantages, enhancing career opportunities and personal growth. Some key benefits include:

• Expanded Career Opportunities: A master’s degree opens doors to advanced roles in diverse industries, including finance, consulting, public policy, and data analysis. Graduates are often eligible for higher-level positions compared to those with only a bachelor’s degree.
• Higher Earning Potential: Professionals with a master’s in economics typically command higher salaries, with many earning six figures in roles such as economists, financial analysts, and policy advisors. For example, if you want to increase your political science salary, get an economics master's degree and become an economist.
• Specialized Knowledge: The degree allows for specialization in areas like behavioral economics, international trade, or environmental policy, enabling graduates to align their expertise with specific interests and market demands.
• In-Demand Analytical Skills: The program emphasizes quantitative and critical thinking skills, preparing students to analyze data, model economic scenarios, and provide actionable insights for decision-making.
• Versatility Across Sectors: Economics graduates are highly sought after in both public and private sectors, from government agencies and NGOs to multinational corporations and think tanks.
• Pathway to Doctoral Studies: For those interested in academia or advanced research, a master’s degree is an essential step toward pursuing a PhD in economics or related fields.

By equipping graduates with advanced skills and a deeper understanding of economic systems, a master’s in economics serves as a valuable asset in navigating and excelling in today’s competitive job market.

What skills are relevant when pursuing economics master's degree careers?

Success in careers related to an economics master’s degree relies on a combination of technical, analytical, and interpersonal skills. Here are the most relevant skills for these roles:

• Quantitative Analysis: Mastery of statistical and econometric methods is essential for analyzing data, building models, and interpreting results in fields like finance, policy analysis, and consulting.
• Critical Thinking: The ability to evaluate complex problems, identify trends, and develop logical solutions is key in roles such as economist, data analyst, and policy advisor.
• Communication Skills: Strong written and verbal communication skills are vital for presenting findings, drafting reports, and conveying technical information to non-specialist audiences.
• Data Literacy and Software Proficiency: Proficiency in tools like R, Python, Stata, or Excel is crucial for working with large datasets and conducting quantitative research.
• Problem-Solving Abilities: Economics careers often involve tackling real-world issues, such as resource allocation or market inefficiencies, requiring innovative and practical solutions.
• Research Skills: A solid foundation in designing, conducting, and presenting research is necessary for roles in academia, public policy, and market analysis.
• Collaboration and Teamwork: Many careers require working across teams, blending economic insights with inputs from other disciplines, especially in consulting or interdisciplinary roles.
• Attention to Detail: Precision is critical in economic modeling, financial forecasting, and data analysis to ensure accuracy and reliability in decision-making.

Most of these skills are very essential in the practice of law. As such, economics -- whether a bachelor's or a master's -- make a great pre-law degree. Check out our article on what is the best lawyer degree program for future lawyers.

What is the job outlook for economics master's degree careers?

The job outlook for careers that you can pursue with an economics master’s degree is highly promising, driven by a growing demand for professionals who can analyze complex data and guide decision-making in both public and private sectors. The employment of economists, for instance, is projected to grow 5% from 2023 to 2033, according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. This is slightly faster than the average employment growth rate of all occupations combined, which is 4%. This also translates to about 1,000 openings for economists projected each year, on average, over this 10-year period. Many of these openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who exit the labor force or transfer to different occupations.

The employment of economics journalists, on the other hand, is projected to decline 3% from 2023 to 2033. However, despite this decline in employment rate, about 4,500 annual openings can still be expected for news analysts, reporters, and journalists in general.  

In addition to traditional roles like economists and financial analysts, professionals with a master’s in economics are increasingly sought after in emerging fields such as data science, environmental consulting, and health economics. The versatility of this degree allows graduates to work across diverse industries, including technology, healthcare, energy, and international development. With the potential for competitive salaries and growth opportunities, a master’s in economics is a valuable asset in today’s job market.

What are the alternatives to traditional economics master's degree careers?

For those with a master’s in economics looking beyond traditional roles like economist or financial analyst, there are many alternative career paths to consider. These roles leverage economic expertise in non-conventional or interdisciplinary areas:

• Data Science and Analytics: With strong quantitative skills, economics graduates can excel in roles as data scientists or analysts, using tools like Python, R, and machine learning to solve complex business problems.
• Tech Industry Roles: Economics professionals are increasingly sought after by tech companies to analyze market trends, optimize pricing algorithms, or work in user behavior research.
• Behavioral Economics Consulting: Combining insights from psychology and economics, professionals can work in consumer behavior analysis, advertising strategy, or product design.
• Sustainability and Environmental Consulting: Opportunities exist in assessing the economic impact of environmental policies, carbon pricing, or green energy initiatives.
• Entrepreneurship: Economics graduates can apply their understanding of markets, pricing strategies, and business planning to launch and manage their own ventures.
• Education and Training: Beyond academia, economics graduates can engage in corporate training, creating economic literacy programs or advising businesses on strategic decisions.

Can an MBA Complement My Economics Master's Degree?

In today's dynamic business landscape, supplementing technical economic expertise with strategic management skills can be a crucial differentiator in your career trajectory. Combining your Economics Master's with an MBA offers a comprehensive understanding of market dynamics, leadership, and operational strategy—ensuring you are well-prepared for senior roles across diverse industries. For professionals seeking a cost-effective way to expand their skill set, consider exploring affordable online MBA programs that align with advanced applications in both business and economics.

Should I Consider an Online MBA Alongside My Economics Master’s Degree?

While a master’s in economics builds robust analytical and research skills, an online MBA offers strategic management training and operational expertise that may accelerate your career into executive roles. This addition can be especially valuable in environments where complex decision-making and leadership are paramount. For professionals aiming to broaden their business acumen, exploring the best online MBA can provide a practical pathway to enhance overall career competitiveness.

How do you choose the right economics master’s degree program?

Evaluating programs requires a detailed review of accreditation status, curriculum structure, and faculty expertise to ensure academic rigor and industry relevance. Consider factors such as career services, placement outcomes, and alumni achievements when comparing institutions. In addition, examining how complementary programs can enhance your leadership and strategic skills is essential; for example, exploring the fastest online MBA can offer valuable insights into advanced business management practices. Thorough due diligence and benchmarking against recognized industry standards will help you select a program that aligns with your professional goals and long-term career trajectory.

Should I Consider Pursuing a DBA to Expand My Economics Expertise?

A Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) can provide a strategic complement to an economics master’s degree by bridging research-driven insights with executive-level management. This advanced degree focuses on applied research methods, enabling professionals to translate theoretical economic frameworks into practical business strategies while addressing complex organizational challenges. Evaluating online DBA programs offers a flexible pathway for those looking to incorporate advanced leadership skills and innovative problem-solving into their career trajectory without compromising work-life balance.

What emerging trends are shaping economics master’s degree careers?

Recent industry shifts reveal a growing convergence of quantitative analysis with digital transformation. Advancements in data science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are broadening the scope of economic research and practical application. Moreover, increased emphasis on sustainability and environmental policy is creating new interdisciplinary roles. Graduates now benefit from acquiring complementary business management skills—linking economic expertise with strategic leadership—to navigate dynamic market environments. For instance, integrating insights from the fastest online business degree can further expand one’s competitive edge.

Could an Accelerated MBA Further Boost Your Economics Career?

Integrating an accelerated MBA with your economics expertise can expand your strategic perspective and fast-track leadership skills. This combination offers advanced business management training that complements quantitative and analytical abilities, providing a competitive edge in executive roles. Enhanced decision-making, access to a broader professional network, and exposure to dynamic industry trends are additional benefits. For further insight into this integrated approach, consider exploring accelerated MBA.

What is the difference between a master’s in economics and a master’s in finance?

While both a master’s in economics and a master’s in finance share a focus on analyzing financial and market dynamics, they differ in scope, content, and career outcomes.

A master’s in economics emphasizes understanding and applying broad economic theories to solve societal and organizational challenges. The program covers topics such as microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, and public policy, preparing graduates for careers in government, research, consulting, and academia. It often involves a more theoretical and policy-oriented approach to decision-making and data analysis.

In contrast, a master’s in finance focuses on the practical applications of financial principles in corporate settings. Topics such as investment analysis, risk management, corporate finance, and portfolio management dominate the curriculum. Finance master's degree holders, even graduates from the best affordable college for finance, often pursue careers in banking, asset management, financial analysis, or corporate finance, emphasizing quantitative skills for managing financial resources.

The primary distinction lies in the application: economics studies broader systems and trends, while finance zeroes in on financial tools and markets. Choosing between the two depends on whether your interests lie in macro-level economic impacts or micro-level financial strategies.

How can you transition to roles beyond economics master's degree careers?

Transitioning to roles beyond traditional economics careers involves leveraging your analytical, problem-solving, and quantitative skills to explore interdisciplinary or emerging fields. Here are some strategies to broaden your career options:

• Gain Industry-Specific Knowledge: Identify industries of interest, such as technology, healthcare, or sustainability, and pursue certifications, courses, or workshops to build relevant expertise. For instance, acquiring skills in machine learning or environmental policy can open doors to data science or green consulting roles.
• Develop Technical Proficiency: Enhance your technical toolkit by mastering software and programming languages like Python, SQL, or Tableau, which are in demand across various non-economic roles.
• Network Strategically: Attend industry conferences, join professional associations, and connect with professionals in desired fields. Networking can provide insights into alternative roles and help secure opportunities.
• Showcase Transferable Skills: Highlight skills like data analysis, critical thinking, and research in your resume and interviews. Emphasize how these skills align with the responsibilities of roles outside economics.
• Pursue Interdisciplinary Projects: Engage in projects that integrate economics with other fields, such as behavioral studies, marketing analytics, or public health initiatives, to demonstrate adaptability and versatility.
• Consider Further Education or Certification: If required, pursue specialized certifications or short courses in fields like project management, UX research, or sustainability to complement your economics degree.
• Freelance or Volunteer: Take on freelance projects or volunteer opportunities in new fields to gain practical experience and build a portfolio.

Here’s What Graduates Have to Say About Their Economics Master’s Degree Careers

• Earning my master’s in economics was a transformative experience. It gave me the tools to analyze real-world problems and opened doors to a rewarding career in policy advising. Knowing my work impacts critical decisions is incredibly fulfilling. Alex
• The rigorous training in data analysis and econometrics during my master’s program prepared me to excel in my role as a financial analyst. I feel confident tackling complex challenges, and the degree has truly elevated my career trajectory. Jordan
• Pursuing a master’s in economics allowed me to specialize in behavioral economics, combining my interests in psychology and markets. Now, I work with a fantastic team designing strategies that shape consumer experiences—something I never imagined possible before. Taylor

What Is the Return on Investment for an Economics Master’s Degree?

When evaluating the return on investment for an economics master’s degree, it is important to consider not only the upfront tuition and associated costs but also long-term career earnings, professional growth opportunities, and the broader market demand for advanced analytical skills. Prospective students are encouraged to examine program-specific fee structures, financing options, and scholarship opportunities. Leveraging complimentary pathways such as an affordable online business associate's degree may also provide a cost-effective stepping stone into advanced studies, enhancing overall financial planning. Strategic career planning and informed decision-making can play a significant role in ensuring that the benefits of the degree align with personal and professional financial goals.

How Can You Verify the Quality and Credibility of an Economics Master’s Program?

Prospective students should critically evaluate program accreditation, faculty expertise, and curriculum design to ensure the learning experience aligns with industry standards. Focus on verifying that the program is recognized by reputable agencies and has strong ties to industry leaders, which can often be substantiated by alumni achievements and employer endorsements. Additionally, consider how the program integrates practical applications with theoretical foundations to prepare graduates for evolving market demands. For those looking to complement their economics expertise with strategic business management, exploring the best value online MBA executive program can offer valuable insights into quality and career advancement.

Can Entrepreneurship Amplify Your Economics Master’s Degree Career?

Economics graduates can leverage their robust analytical framework to venture into entrepreneurial endeavors, transforming market insights into innovative business opportunities. By coupling economic analysis with an entrepreneurial mindset, professionals can identify untapped markets, streamline operational efficiencies, and create disruptive business models. Resources such as What can you do with a business entrepreneurship degree? offer additional insights into integrating business innovation with economic expertise to diversify career pathways and drive competitive advantage.

Key Findings

• Strong Job Growth for Economists: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a 5% job growth for economists between 2023 and 2033, aligning with the average growth rate for all occupations.
• High Earning Potential: Professionals with a master’s in economics earn competitive salaries. For example, the median annual wage for economists was more than $115,730, with the top earners making nearly $217,000.
• Diverse Career Options: Graduates with an economics master’s degree commonly work in roles like financial analyst, policy advisor, data scientist, and consultant, with opportunities spanning both public and private sectors.
• Data Science Synergy: Many economics graduates transition into data science roles, where the average salary in the U.S. exceeds $100,000 per year, highlighting the versatility of the degree.
• Policy and Public Sector Opportunities: Master’s degree holders often secure roles in government or international organizations, with agencies like the Federal Reserve and the World Bank offering competitive starting salaries exceeding $80,000 per year for entry-level roles.
• Global Demand: The need for skilled economists is global, with industries like technology, sustainability, and healthcare increasingly seeking professionals with economic expertise, especially in fields like environmental policy and international trade.

Other Things You Should Know About Economics Master's Degree Careers

Do I need a master’s in economics to become an economist?

While some entry-level economist roles may accept a bachelor’s degree, most advanced positions require a master’s degree or higher. A master’s provides specialized knowledge and skills needed for research, data analysis, and policy development.

Is a master’s in economics worth it for career advancement?

A master’s in economics significantly enhances career prospects, opening doors to advanced roles, higher salaries, and opportunities in specialized fields. It’s particularly valuable for those aiming for leadership or analytical positions.

What industries hire graduates with a master’s in economics?

Industries such as finance, government, technology, healthcare, environmental consulting, and international development frequently hire economics master’s graduates. These roles leverage analytical and problem-solving expertise to drive decision-making.

Are internships important for economics careers?

Yes, internships provide valuable hands-on experience, enhance your resume, and can often lead to full-time job offers. They also allow you to explore different industries and build a professional network.

References:

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• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, April 3). Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics: 15-2051 Data Scientists. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, April 3). Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics: 19-3011 Economists. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, April 3). Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics: 25-1063 Economics Teachers, Postsecondary. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, April 3). Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics: 27-3023 News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics.  (2024, August 29). Occupational Outlook Handbook: Data Scientists. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, August 29). Occupational Outlook Handbook: Economists. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, August 29). Occupational Outlook Handbook: Financial Analysts. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, August 29). Occupational Outlook Handbook: Market Research Analysts. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, August 29). Occupational Outlook Handbook: News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists. BLS. 
• United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, August 29). Occupational Outlook Handbook: Postsecondary Teachers. BLS.