School, College and University in the USA for 2025 – What is the Difference?

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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For students and parents, the various ways that the terms school, college, and university are used can be very confusing. The trends in college and university mergers are not helping. The lack of understanding of these terms may influence international students’ choice of an institution when applying to study in the United States.

In this article, we will discuss what’s the difference between college and university in the USA. Local and foreign students can make educated decisions about where to pursue their education by understanding how these institutions are defined, how they differ, and what subtypes of institutions fall under them.

School vs. College vs. University in the USA: Table of Contents

Comparing School, College, and University

The terms school, college, and university can mean different things depending on where one is from. In the United Kingdom, for instance, colleges refer to schools found within a university. You will also hear students say “going to uni," which is British slang for attending university (Lempiäinen, 2017). Meanwhile, in Canada, college usually refers to a vocational, artistic, or technical school offering tertiary education, while in Australia, it refers to secondary education (College Rank, n.d.).

When it comes to school vs college vs university in the USA, the quick explanation is that a school can refer to any institution that provides learning. On the other hand, colleges are institutions that generally offer undergraduate programs while universities have both undergraduate and graduate offerings. Universities tend to have bigger class sizes than colleges and focus more on research than teaching (Epps, 2020). Lastly, a college may also refer to the broad fields of specialization comprising a university. Hence, most universities have a College of Liberal Arts, College of Engineering, and College of Education.

What is a school?

According to Merriam-Webster, a school is “an organization that provides instruction." Thus, it can refer to educational institutions that cater to both children and adults. It can also refer to a college or university. Within universities, there are graduate or postgraduate schools, such as business schools or law schools that confer advanced degrees (Study in the USA, n.d.).

It is interesting to note that the word school is derived from the Greek word schole, which means leisure. For the Greeks, a life of leisure gives one the opportunity to think and explore things, which eventually led to the word’s usage in the educational context (Merriam Webster, n.d.).

There are many types of schools in the U.S. However, the most common ones are public schools or ones that receive federal or state funding where students can study for free. In contrast, private schools do not receive government funding and so charge students with tuition to run their operations (Chen, 2019). Based on 2018 data, there are 91,276 traditional public schools; 32,461 private schools; and 7,193 public charter schools.

However, there are other types of schools that blur the line between private and public schools. For instance, one school type that has been gaining traction in the U.S. are charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are organized according to their own special charter. Charter schools have a board of directors, which is usually made up of parents and community members.

Adding to the variety are schools that adjust their curricula to their students. For example, there are special education schools that cater to students with disabilities; magnet schools that focus on certain fields like the arts or science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), or put emphasis on a particular teaching style like Montessori schools. There are also vocational schools that emphasize offer skills and training (Chen, 2019). Lastly, there are alternative schools which don’t provide the usual educational experience. They are mostly meant for students who have had difficulties in regular schools due to behavioral issues or learning disabilities (Barrington, 2019).

What is a university?

A university school, or a university, is defined as “an institution of higher learning providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees." It is composed of an undergraduate division that awards bachelor’s degrees and a graduate or professional school, which grants master’s or Ph.D. degrees (Merriam Webster, n.d.). The word “university" comes from the Latin universitatem, which is a shortened form of the Latin phrase universitas magistrorum et scholarium, meaning “community of masters and scholars."

Compared to colleges, universities are larger institutions with bigger class sizes and more expansive and diverse curricula. Because of their broader offerings, universities can have multiple schools under their umbrella (Wellman, 2017). Larger universities can be divided into colleges offering various programs of study (Epps, 2020). Universities also come equipped with facilities and laboratories that help expose students to the research process and get them involved in research opportunities (CollegeChoice, 2020).

Universities can be public or private universities or research or teaching universities. Public or state universities are funded by the government through the state while private universities rely on endowments from private donors (Study in the USA, 2020). According to data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), there are an estimated 14.6 million students in public higher education institutions while there are 5.1 million students in private institutions (NCES, n.d.).

There are also research universities that have research as their top mission, with funding allotted to support the work of professors (O’Shaughnessy, n.d.). The Carnegie Foundation ranks these research universities into R1 (Highest Research Activity), R2 (Higher Research Activity), and R3 (Moderate Research Activity). Top research universities include Yale University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Stanford University (College Consensus, 2020). In contrast, teaching universities are committed to delivering the best student experience. They are focused primarily on undergraduate education rather than graduate education. As teaching institutions, their objective is to have faculty members who are recognized for their skill in teaching and to have continuous improvement programs that support high-level teaching and promote learning (O’Keefe, 2015).

What is a college?

The Merriam-Webster dictionary (n.d.) defines college as “an independent institution of higher learning offering a course of general studies leading to a bachelor’s degree." It can also refer to “an institution offering instruction usually in a professional, vocational, or technical field."

The word “college" is derived from the Latin word collegium, which means society. Its first recorded usage referred to “a body of clergy living together." However, the word eventually evolved to mean “any degree-giving educational institution (Online Etymology Dictionary, n.d.)."

In the U.S., the term “college" is used to refer to higher education in general and is used interchangeably with “university." Both colleges and universities confer students with bachelor’s degrees (Ross, 2018). However, they also have key differences. For one, a college school tends to be a smaller institution that generally offers one type of degree level. Two-year colleges, for instance, have programs for associate degrees while four-year colleges offer bachelor’s degrees. Colleges generally have smaller class sizes than universities. As a result, colleges mostly focus more on teaching rather than research and students can interact closely with professors and academic advisors. They are also further divided into academic departments, unlike universities, which have schools for different types of majors (Lindsay, 2019).

A college can achieve university status when it meets requirements related to the institution, programs, resources, and state accreditation (College Rank, n.d.). However, there are institutions that are technically universities but use “college" in their name simply out of tradition. Examples include Dartmouth College, Boston College, and The College of William and Mary (Lee, 2020). They all offer graduate and professional degrees despite being called colleges (Lindsay, 2019).

College types include community colleges, liberal arts colleges, and technical and vocational colleges. Liberal arts colleges are characterized by small class sizes and employ a broad approach to knowledge, especially in the humanities and social sciences. Then there are community colleges, also known as junior colleges, where students can complete two-year certificates or associate’s degrees. They can then have the courses they have finished accredited to complete a four-year degree at another college or university. So, if you are wondering, “Does the college you go to matter?" Well, it does depending on an employer. The fact is, generally, a university is much preferred than a community college.

Meanwhile, you might be wondering, what is trade school vs college? Technical or vocational colleges, also called trade schools, have skills-based rather than a general education curriculum.

How do U.S. colleges and universities rank globally, and why does it matter?

Global rankings of colleges and universities provide an important metric for prospective students, especially international ones, to assess the quality of education and research output. These rankings are based on several factors including academic reputation, employer reputation, faculty-to-student ratio, and research impact.

• Importance for international students: High global rankings make U.S. institutions more attractive to international students seeking world-class education and opportunities for research.
• Reputation boost: Institutions with top global rankings often attract more funding, partnerships, and prestigious faculty, further enhancing their academic environment.
• Employment prospects: Graduates from globally ranked universities may have an edge in the job market, as employers value the rigor and prestige associated with top-ranked institutions.
• Research opportunities: Top-ranked universities often offer better facilities, funding, and mentorship for students interested in pursuing academic and research careers.

What are the current trends in U.S. college and university education?

The landscape of higher education in the U.S. is continuously evolving. Here are some key trends to watch:

• Rise of online education: Many universities are expanding their online offerings, making education more accessible and flexible.
• Emphasis on career readiness: Schools are increasingly focusing on preparing students for specific career paths through internships, partnerships with industries, and specialized programs.
• Sustainability initiatives: Universities are incorporating sustainability into their curricula, campus operations, and community outreach.

Higher demand for affordable education: With increasing tuition costs, more students are seeking affordable education options, including cheapest online bachelor's degree programs.

What Career Outcomes Can You Expect from Different U.S. Institutions?

Carefully examine the long-term career impacts linked to various U.S. educational pathways. Differences in institutional focus—from personalized mentoring in smaller colleges to expansive research opportunities in larger universities—often translate into distinct job placement rates, starting salaries, and career growth trajectories. Graduates benefit from tailored networks and industry connections that complement the academic environment, influencing both immediate entry and long-term professional advancement. For those seeking an advanced edge while keeping educational investments modest, exploring programs such as the cheapest easiest masters degree may provide an affordable path to enhanced qualifications and improved employment prospects.

Are Accelerated Associates Degrees an Effective Fast-Track Option?

Accelerated associate degree programs offer a streamlined pathway for students seeking to complete their studies in a condensed timeframe while still acquiring essential skills for the workforce. These programs are designed with intensive curriculums that maintain academic rigor and practical relevance, ensuring graduates are well-prepared for immediate career entry. They often incorporate flexible learning formats and accelerated course schedules, which can be particularly advantageous for non-traditional learners aiming to balance work or other commitments. Institutions may also foster industry partnerships to align coursework with current job market demands. For insights into these rapid education options, explore the benefits of an accelerated associates degree model to determine if it fits your long-term career strategy.

How Can You Finance Your Education in the U.S.?

Effective financial planning is crucial for successfully navigating the costs associated with U.S. higher education. This section outlines key financing options, including federal aid, scholarships, grants, and low-interest student loans that can help mitigate tuition and associated expenses. Institutions often provide dedicated financial counseling to assist students in exploring available funding opportunities and managing debt responsibly. Additionally, innovative education models such as online degree programs offer more flexible and cost-effective alternatives; for example, prospective students seeking budget-conscious options can review cheapest online graduate programs to evaluate quality and affordability. By understanding these financial strategies and resources, students can make informed decisions that align with both their academic ambitions and long-term economic well-being.

Navigating Education Pathways: Choosing What’s Right for You

Picking the right educational institution involves aligning your academic goals, resources, and preferred learning environment. For students who want to fast-track their education, exploring options like accelerated bachelor degree programs can be an efficient way to earn a degree in less time. These programs are designed for learners who are motivated to enter the workforce quickly or advance to higher education without the traditional time investment.

Additionally, the growing variety of schools and programs allows students to tailor their educational decisions. Prospective students might choose a liberal arts college if they value a broad academic foundation or a research university to gain experience in cutting-edge projects. Alternatively, vocational colleges and community colleges might appeal to those looking for specific skills training or a cost-effective route to a bachelor’s degree.

Ultimately, understanding the distinctions between colleges and universities, as well as other educational pathways, can help individuals make informed choices to best fit their aspirations, timelines, and budgets.

Are Competency-Based Degree Programs a Viable Alternative for Modern Learners?

Competency-based education shifts the focus from time spent in class to demonstrated mastery of specific skills. By allowing students to progress at their own pace, this model can offer a more personalized and efficient learning experience that directly aligns with current workforce demands. Institutions adopting this approach emphasize the practical application of knowledge and measurable skill attainment rather than traditional credit hours. For further insights into how these innovative pathways are structured to meet evolving industry needs, explore our guide on competency based degree programs online.

Is an Online Graduate Certificate a Worthwhile Investment?

Online graduate certificate programs offer a focused curriculum that equips professionals with advanced skills in a condensed format. These programs serve as an effective bridge between traditional academic paths and immediate career needs by providing targeted expertise without the extended time and financial commitments associated with full degree programs. They create opportunities for skill enhancement, facilitate a smoother transition into emerging industry fields, and complement existing qualifications. Prospective students seeking a flexible, cost-effective option to boost their professional profile should explore the best online graduate certificate programs available, ensuring an informed decision in a competitive job market.

What Should You Look for in a College Admissions Consultant?

When evaluating a college admissions consultant, consider their proven expertise in aligning academic profiles with institutional expectations and familiarity with both domestic and international application processes. Assess their past performance, success rates, and the breadth of services offered, ensuring that recommendations are supported by current market trends and data. Additionally, verify that their approach is personalized to your unique educational goals rather than a one-size-fits-all strategy. For detailed insights into rankings and performance benchmarks, refer to the best college admission consultant.

Summing Up the Points of Distinction

The terms school, college, and university take on different meanings, depending on where one is from. In the U.S., they are interchangeably used in popular conversation. However, they have distinct meanings when used in the technical sense. So, for international students, before processing US Student Visa requirements, it’s best to understand these differences first. Lest they may be landing in institutions different from where they want to go.

In sum, school is a broad term and includes any institution meant for learning. Thus, it encompasses primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Schools can either be public or private. In addition, the terms college and university both mean institutions offering tertiary education, but colleges usually offer undergraduate programs only and have smaller class sizes. College subtypes include liberal arts colleges and community colleges. On the other hand, universities offer both undergraduate and graduate programs and have facilities devoted to research. Universities can also be subdivided into colleges based on programs of study, especially large ones. University subtypes include public universities, private universities, research universities, and teaching universities. Knowing these key differences is helpful in choosing the right institution to enroll in.

Key Insights

• Definitions and Usage: The terms school, college, and university have distinct meanings in the U.S., which differ from their usage in other countries. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for both local and international students.
• School: A broad term encompassing any institution that provides instruction, including primary, secondary, and tertiary education. Schools can be public, private, charter, special education, vocational, or alternative schools.
• College: Generally refers to institutions offering undergraduate programs. Colleges are smaller than universities, focus more on teaching, and have smaller class sizes. Types include community colleges, liberal arts colleges, and technical/vocational colleges.
• University: Larger institutions offering both undergraduate and graduate programs. Universities have a broader curriculum, larger class sizes, and focus more on research. They can be public or private and include research and teaching universities.
• Impact on International Students: The varying definitions and types of institutions can affect international students' decisions and understanding of the educational landscape in the U.S.

FAQ

1. What is the main difference between a college and a university in the U.S.? A college typically offers undergraduate programs and is smaller in size with a focus on teaching. A university offers both undergraduate and graduate programs, has a broader curriculum, larger class sizes, and places a greater emphasis on research.
2. Can the terms school, college, and university be used interchangeably? In casual conversation, yes. However, technically, they have distinct meanings: a school can refer to any educational institution, a college generally offers undergraduate degrees, and a university offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees.
3. What types of degrees do colleges and universities offer? Colleges generally offer associate and bachelor's degrees, while universities offer bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.
4. Are universities always larger than colleges? Typically, yes. Universities have larger campuses, more students, and offer a wider range of programs compared to colleges.
5. What are the different types of schools in the U.S.? Schools in the U.S. include public schools, private schools, charter schools, special education schools, magnet schools, vocational schools, and alternative schools.
6. How do public and private universities differ? Public universities are funded by the government, while private universities rely on tuition fees, endowments, and donations. Public universities generally have lower tuition fees for in-state students compared to private universities.
7. What is a liberal arts college? A liberal arts college is an institution that focuses on providing a broad undergraduate education in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, often with small class sizes and close interactions with faculty.
8. What are community colleges? Community colleges, also known as junior colleges, offer two-year associate degrees and certificates. They often serve as a more affordable option for students who may transfer to a four-year institution to complete a bachelor's degree.
9. What are research universities? Research universities prioritize research and often have extensive facilities and funding dedicated to supporting faculty and student research projects. They offer a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs.
10. What should international students consider when choosing between a college and a university in the U.S.? International students should consider their academic goals, desired level of interaction with faculty, campus size, and whether they plan to pursue graduate studies. Understanding the differences between colleges and universities can help them choose the right institution that fits their needs.

References

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