What Can You Do With a Forensic Science Degree for 2025?

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Choosing a degree in forensic science can open the door to an exciting career at the intersection of science, law, and criminal investigation. However, many students and graduates find themselves wondering what specific career paths are available beyond the traditional idea of working at a crime scene. With so many specializations, from digital forensics to forensic anthropology, and different industries hiring forensic experts, it can be overwhelming to figure out which path is right for you.

This guide is designed to clear up the confusion and give you a clear, expert-backed look at what you can do with a forensic science degree. Whether you are interested in working for a government agency, a private laboratory, or even teaching future forensic professionals, this guide will walk you through the career options, salary expectations, job outlook, and the skills needed to succeed in the field. By the end, you’ll have a much better idea of how to turn your forensic science education into a rewarding and impactful career.

Key things you should know about forensic science degrees:

Forensic science degrees combine biology, chemistry, and criminal justice to prepare students for analyzing evidence in legal investigations.
Graduates can pursue careers in crime labs, law enforcement agencies, medical examiners’ offices, and specialized forensic disciplines.
Forensic scientists earn an average annual salary of $79,408 in the U.S.

What are the requirements to obtain a forensic science degree?
What jobs can you get with a forensic science degree?
What is the most common career path for forensic science graduates?
How much is the average salary for forensic scientists in the U.S.?
What are the emerging fields in forensic science?
How does forensic science differ from criminal justice?
How long does it take to become a forensic scientist?
What factors should I consider when selecting a forensic science degree program?
Which colleges offer top forensic science programs?
Can forensic science skills lead to a career in federal law enforcement?
What certifications are valuable for forensic science professionals?
What industries can forensic science technicians work in?
What is the job outlook for forensic scientists over the next 10 years?
Other things you should know about forensic science degrees

What are the requirements to obtain a forensic science degree?

Before starting a career in forensic science, you will need to meet several academic and practical requirements to earn your degree. These programs are science-heavy and designed to equip students with both theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in crime scene investigation and laboratory analysis.

High school diploma or equivalent: Applicants must have completed high school or an equivalent education level, with strong performance in science and math courses like biology, chemistry, and algebra.
Completion of general education coursework: Most forensic science degree programs require foundational college courses in subjects such as English, mathematics, and social sciences alongside scientific studies.
Core science courses: Students are expected to take college-level courses in biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, and physics to build the scientific knowledge needed for forensic analysis.
Specialized forensic science classes: Degree programs include focused courses in areas such as forensic biology, toxicology, crime scene investigation, criminalistics, and even forensic accounting master’s programs to provide practical and theoretical expertise.
Hands-on lab work and field experience: Many programs require students to complete laboratory exercises, simulations, or internships that offer real-world forensic training and exposure to professional environments.
Capstone project or senior research assignment (in some programs): Some bachelor's and most master’s programs require students to complete an independent project or thesis that demonstrates their understanding of forensic science concepts.
Additional graduate-level requirements (for advanced degrees): Master’s or Ph.D. programs may require a bachelor’s degree in a related field, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and relevant research or work experience.

What jobs can you get with a forensic science degree?

A degree in forensic science opens the door to a variety of fascinating and impactful career paths. Here are some of the most common jobs you can pursue with a forensic science degree:

Forensic Scientist ($79,408): Forensic scientists work in laboratories analyzing physical evidence collected from crime scenes. They specialize in areas like DNA analysis, ballistics, trace evidence, and toxicology to help law enforcement solve criminal cases.
Crime Scene Investigator ($59,636): Crime scene investigators collect, document, and preserve evidence at crime scenes. They must be meticulous and skilled in photography, evidence collection techniques, and maintaining the chain of custody for legal proceedings.
Forensic Toxicologist ($61,011): Forensic toxicologists analyze biological samples to detect drugs, alcohol, poisons, and other chemicals that may have contributed to an individual’s death or impairment. Their findings are crucial in criminal investigations, DUI cases, and workplace accidents.
Digital Forensic Examiner ($131,827): Digital forensic examiners recover and investigate data from computers, mobile phones, and other electronic devices. They play an important role in cybercrime investigations, financial crimes, and cases involving digital evidence, and learning how to become a computer forensics investigator is key to entering this critical field.
Forensic Anthropologist ($87,877): Forensic anthropologists specialize in analyzing human skeletal remains to determine identity, cause of death, and clues about how long a person has been deceased. They often assist in criminal investigations, mass disaster recoveries, and historical research.
Ballistics Expert ($84,399): Ballistics experts analyze firearms, bullets, and weapon trajectories to determine how a shooting occurred. They can match bullets to weapons and reconstruct shooting scenes to assist in criminal investigations.
Forensic Odontologist ($61,156): Forensic odontologists use dental records to identify human remains and assess injuries related to the teeth and jaw. Their expertise is crucial in mass casualty events, individual identifications, and bite mark analysis in assault cases.
Forensic Chemist ($62,868): Forensic chemists analyze non-biological trace evidence, such as paint, glass, drugs, and fibers. Their analytical skills help link suspects to crime scenes and provide scientific testimony in court cases.
Forensic Science Technician ($67,440): Forensic science technicians assist in collecting, analyzing, and documenting physical evidence from crime scenes or in laboratories. They often specialize in either fieldwork (crime scene processing) or lab analysis and play a critical role in supporting criminal investigations by ensuring evidence is preserved and interpreted correctly.

Whether you are drawn to hands-on crime scene processing or detailed forensic research, there are many professional paths that align with different skills and interests, such as learning how to become a forensic anthropologist. The chart below provides a clear overview of these career options, including the average salaries, work environments, and any additional training requirements.

What is the most common career path for forensic science graduates?

Forensic science graduates have several clear career paths they can pursue after earning their degrees. Many start in entry-level roles that offer valuable hands-on experience before specializing or advancing into higher-level positions.

Forensic Science Technician: Most graduates begin their careers as forensic science technicians, where they collect, document, and analyze evidence from crime scenes. They work closely with law enforcement agencies and forensic laboratories to process physical and biological samples. This role provides the foundational skills needed to move into more specialized forensic careers over time.
Crime Scene Investigator (CSI): Some graduates specialize in becoming crime scene investigators, focusing specifically on processing crime scenes and gathering crucial evidence. CSIs meticulously photograph, catalog, and secure items to ensure the integrity of investigations. With experience, they may advance to supervisory positions or specialize in complex types of crime scenes, such as homicides or environmental crimes.
Laboratory Analyst: Another common path is working as a laboratory analyst, where forensic graduates analyze DNA, toxicology reports, ballistics evidence, or trace materials in controlled lab environments. These professionals use sophisticated scientific equipment and detailed methodologies to assist in criminal investigations. Many analysts choose to specialize further in fields like forensic biology, chemistry, or digital forensics.

How much is the average salary for forensic scientists in the U.S.?

The average salary for forensic scientists in the United States is approximately $79,408 per year. Salaries can vary considerably depending on a variety of factors, such as level of experience, location, specialization, and the type of employer. While entry-level positions may start lower, experienced forensic scientists, especially those in highly specialized fields, can earn significantly higher salaries over time.

Several important factors can influence how much a forensic scientist earns:

Experience Level: Forensic scientists with more years of practical experience generally earn higher salaries than those just starting out. Senior roles, such as lead analysts or forensic supervisors, often come with substantial salary increases.
Geographic Location: States and cities with higher costs of living or greater demand for forensic services tend to offer higher salaries. Forensic scientists working in areas like California, Washington D.C., or New York typically earn more than those in rural regions.
Type of Employer: Forensic scientists employed by federal agencies, private laboratories, or consulting firms usually have higher earning potential compared to those working for local or state government agencies.
Field of Specialization: Specialized fields such as forensic toxicology, digital forensics, and forensic pathology often offer higher salaries due to the advanced technical skills and expertise they require, and fields like wildlife forensics specialist educational requirements that can lead to rewarding career opportunities.
Educational Background and Certifications: Pursuing an advanced degree, such as a master's or doctorate, or earning specialized certifications can significantly enhance a forensic scientist’s credentials and lead to better-paying opportunities.

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What are the emerging fields in forensic science?

As technology advances and the nature of crime evolves, new specialties within forensic science are rapidly growing. These emerging fields offer exciting opportunities for graduates who want to stay at the cutting edge of science, technology, and criminal investigation.

Digital Forensics: Digital forensics focuses on recovering, analyzing, and preserving electronic data from computers, smartphones, and other digital devices. Specialists in this field assist in solving cybercrimes, data breaches, and online fraud cases. With the rise in cybercrime, the demand for digital forensic experts is expected to continue growing quickly.
Forensic DNA Analysis: Forensic DNA analysts use advanced techniques to extract and interpret DNA evidence from crime scenes, often working with degraded or limited samples. New technologies like rapid DNA testing and genealogical matching are transforming how investigators identify suspects and solve cold cases. This area is expanding as DNA evidence becomes a standard part of modern criminal investigations.
Forensic Toxicology: Forensic toxicologists examine bodily fluids and tissues to detect the presence of drugs, alcohol, poisons, and other chemical substances. Emerging challenges, such as designer drugs and synthetic opioids, are driving the need for highly skilled toxicologists. Professionals in this field play an essential role in both criminal cases and public health investigations.
Forensic Psychology: Forensic psychology blends criminal justice with mental health, involving the assessment of criminal behavior, competency evaluations, and expert testimony. Psychologists in this field work closely with law enforcement, courts, and correctional facilities. The growing awareness of mental health issues in legal contexts is increasing demand for forensic psychology professionals.
Environmental Forensics: Environmental forensics investigates pollution events, contamination incidents, and environmental crimes to determine the source and extent of damage. Specialists may analyze soil, water, and air samples to uncover unlawful activities and support legal action against polluters. With environmental protection becoming a global priority, this field is gaining more visibility and importance.

If you are looking for an alternative career within the field of science, you should explore becoming a science teacher. This way, you have the power to help cultivate the love for science among young minds. Now what degree do you need to be a science teacher? Check out our article on the topic.

How does forensic science differ from criminal justice?

People may find it hard to see the difference between criminal justice and forensic science given the nature of the jobs in both fields. But while they are closely related, there is a line that separates these two areas. They serve different purposes within the legal system. Understanding the distinction between the two can help you decide which path better fits your career goals and interests.

Focus and Purpose: Forensic science is primarily concerned with using scientific methods to collect, analyze, and interpret physical evidence from crime scenes. Criminal justice, on the other hand, focuses on the broader legal system, including law enforcement, courts, corrections, and the development of public policies. In short, forensic science is about solving crimes with science, while criminal justice is about managing and enforcing the legal system.
Skills and Education: Forensic science requires a strong background in natural sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics, often combined with laboratory and fieldwork skills. Criminal justice education emphasizes law, criminology, public administration, and social sciences, preparing students for roles such as police officers, detectives, or probation officers. Each field demands a different academic foundation based on the specific work it supports.
Career Outcomes: Graduates in forensic science typically pursue roles such as forensic technicians, lab analysts, forensic pathologists, or DNA specialists. Those who study criminal justice often become police officers, corrections officers, federal agents, legal assistants, or pursue criminal justice administration careers in roles like policy development or management. While both career paths work toward justice, forensic science careers are rooted in laboratory investigation, whereas criminal justice careers focus more on enforcement, legal processes, and public safety.

How long does it take to become a forensic scientist?

Becoming a forensic scientist typically takes four to eight years, depending on the level of education and specialization you pursue. Most entry-level forensic science positions require at least a bachelor’s degree, which usually takes about four years to complete. Students often major in forensic science, biology, chemistry, or a related field to build a strong scientific foundation for their careers.

Those who want to specialize further, advance to senior roles, or work in highly technical areas may need additional education beyond a bachelor's degree. Earning a master’s degree typically adds another two to three years, while pursuing a Ph.D. can extend the timeline by an additional four to five years. Factors like internships, certifications, and hands-on lab experience can also influence how long it takes to be fully qualified and competitive in the forensic science job market.

Gaining practical experience through internships, volunteer work, or entry-level technician positions can extend your career development timeline slightly, but will make you a much stronger candidate for desirable forensic science roles. Many employers prefer candidates who have both strong academic credentials and real-world laboratory or crime scene experience when hiring for forensic science positions.

So, overall, is forensic science a hard major? The honest answer is that it could be. Nothing is easy. Earning a degree in forensic science takes years of hard work. However, the job could be fun and rewarding if it's really something you enjoy and are genuinely interested in.

What factors should I consider when selecting a forensic science degree program?

When evaluating forensic science degree programs, it is important to examine accreditation, faculty expertise, and the balance between theoretical coursework and practical experience. Review program outcomes by looking at internship partnerships, laboratory facilities, and career services that support post-graduate employment. Additionally, consider the delivery format and tuition costs, which may be optimized by exploring affordable forensic science colleges. Assessing these factors can help ensure that the program you select aligns with industry standards and your long-term career objectives.

Which colleges offer top forensic science programs?

Prospective forensic science professionals should evaluate programs that combine rigorous academic coursework with state-of-the-art laboratory and field experiences. Accredited programs with expert faculty, modern research facilities, and strong industry partnerships are prime candidates for developing practical skills aligned with evolving forensic techniques. For a detailed assessment, consult our article What colleges are best for forensic science? to review comprehensive rankings and program-specific insights.

Can forensic science skills lead to a career in federal law enforcement?

Forensic science professionals can leverage their technical expertise and analytical skills to explore career paths in federal law enforcement. In roles that demand precise evidence analysis, data integrity, and meticulous documentation, specialized knowledge acquired during forensic training is highly valued. These competencies are increasingly relevant in agencies where investigative rigor and scientific methodologies are fundamental to secure national interests. For example, professionals interested in transitioning to immigration or customs enforcement can review what are the requirements to become an ICE agent to determine how their background in forensic science might complement the skillset needed for such roles.

What certifications are valuable for forensic science professionals?

Earning professional certifications can help forensic science professionals stand out in a competitive field and demonstrate their expertise to employers. Certifications not only validate your technical skills but also show your commitment to maintaining high professional standards in forensic science.

Certified Forensic Scientist (CFS): Offered by organizations like the American College of Forensic Examiners Institute, this certification demonstrates comprehensive knowledge across multiple forensic disciplines. It’s ideal for professionals who want to showcase broad expertise in areas such as crime scene investigation, forensic biology, and trace evidence. Having a CFS credential can boost your credibility and open doors to more specialized or leadership roles.
Certified Crime Scene Investigator (CCSI): Awarded by the International Association for Identification (IAI), this certification focuses specifically on crime scene processing, evidence collection, and documentation. It’s a strong credential for forensic science technicians or crime scene investigators who want to specialize in fieldwork. Earning the CCSI shows that you meet high standards of accuracy, ethics, and professionalism at crime scenes.
Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Toxicology (D-ABFT): This certification is for forensic toxicologists who analyze biological samples for the presence of drugs, alcohol, and poisons. Candidates must meet education and experience requirements and pass a challenging exam. Being D-ABFT certified significantly boosts credibility when working in forensic laboratories, medical examiner offices, or court testimony.
Certified Digital Forensics Examiner (CDFE): For those specializing in cybercrime and digital investigations, this certification demonstrates expertise in recovering and analyzing digital evidence. It covers topics such as data breaches, cyberattacks, and computer forensics techniques. A CDFE credential is valuable for forensic science professionals who want to expand their careers into the growing field of digital forensics.
American Board of Criminalistics (ABC) Certification: The ABC offers several certification programs, including those for forensic biology, drug analysis, and molecular biology. Candidates must pass rigorous exams and demonstrate professional experience in a forensic laboratory setting. ABC certification is highly respected and can be crucial for advancing into senior forensic scientist positions, especially for those pursuing a criminalist career path.

What industries can forensic science technicians work in?

Forensic science technician roles are generally considered entry-level positions in the forensic science field. These roles provide valuable hands-on experience and are a great starting point for individuals looking to build a career in forensic science. Forensic science technicians can find work in various industries, each offering different opportunities and salary ranges. Here are some of the key sectors where forensic science technicians are employed:

State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals ($71,180): Forensic science technicians in state government primarily assist law enforcement agencies by analyzing evidence such as DNA, drugs, and toxicology samples. They play a key role in criminal investigations and support the justice system with their scientific expertise.
Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals ($65,890): Local government forensic science technicians typically work for municipal police departments or sheriff's offices, analyzing evidence from local crime scenes. They help process physical evidence like fingerprints, firearms, and biological material to aid in criminal cases.
Testing Laboratories and Services ($62,860): In testing laboratories, forensic science technicians analyze materials such as drugs, explosives, and chemicals. These technicians support both private and public sector clients by providing accurate scientific analysis crucial for solving criminal investigations and legal cases.
Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories ($50,020): Forensic science technicians in medical and diagnostic laboratories focus on biological specimens, including blood, tissue, and bodily fluids. Their work is important for toxicology reports, cause-of-death determinations, and investigations into medical malpractices.
Educational Services; State, Local, and Private ($49,980): Forensic science technicians in educational services may teach forensic science courses or assist with training new professionals in the field. They often work for universities or private institutions, contributing to research and the development of forensic science curricula.

As you gain more experience, you can move into higher-level positions with increased responsibilities, such as forensic scientists or specialized experts in areas like toxicology or digital forensics. The chart below provides a clear overview of the different industries where forensic science technicians can work, including their average salaries.

What is the job outlook for forensic scientists over the next 10 years?

The job outlook for forensic scientists, particularly forensic science technicians, is highly promising. Employment of forensic science technicians is projected to grow 14 percent from 2023 to 2033, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is driven by the increasing demand for forensic experts in criminal investigations, as well as the expanding use of forensic science in solving both violent crimes and white-collar crimes like fraud or cybercrime.

A significant factor behind this growth is the increasing reliance on scientific evidence in criminal justice systems. As technology advances, new forensic techniques, such as DNA analysis and digital forensics, are becoming more widely adopted, enhancing law enforcement’s ability to solve complex cases. Additionally, the rise in violent crime and the need for efficient and accurate investigations in both urban and rural areas contribute to the growing demand for skilled forensic technicians.

On average, about 2,700 openings for forensic science technicians are expected each year over the next decade. These openings will result from both job growth and the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or retire. As crime rates fluctuate and technological advancements continue, forensic science technicians will remain an essential part of law enforcement and legal investigations, offering a steady and growing career path for those entering the field.

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Here’s what graduates have to say about their forensic science degrees:

Studying forensic science opened my eyes to the real-world impact science can have in solving crimes. The hands-on experience in labs and crime scenes made the theories I learned in class come to life, and now I’m able to help bring justice to families and communities. It’s been a rewarding journey! — Jordan

I’ve always been passionate about science and justice, and forensic science allowed me to combine both in a way I never imagined. The constant advancements in technology and techniques keep the field exciting, and it feels incredible to contribute to solving cases that truly matter. — Samantha

The most fulfilling part of my forensic science degree was knowing that every piece of evidence I analyzed could make a difference in a person’s life. It was intense and challenging, but the feeling of solving a mystery is unmatched. I’ve never felt prouder of my work. — Alex

Key Findings

The average salary for forensic scientists in the U.S. is approximately $79,408 per year, offering strong earning potential for entry- and mid-level professionals.
It typically takes between four to eight years to become a forensic scientist, depending on the level of education and specialization pursued.
Employment of forensic science technicians is projected to grow 14% from 2023 to 2033, which is much faster than the average for all occupations.
Forensic science graduates can work in a wide range of industries, including government agencies, testing laboratories, and educational institutions.
Earning professional certifications in forensic science can significantly boost career advancement opportunities and increase credibility in specialized fields.

Other things you should know about forensic science degrees

Is a Ph.D. necessary for advancement in forensic science careers?

A Ph.D. is not always necessary for advancement in forensic science careers, but it can be beneficial for those who wish to specialize further or pursue research-focused roles. While many professionals can advance with a bachelor’s or master’s degree through experience and certifications, a Ph.D. may open doors to positions in academia, high-level research, or leadership roles in forensic labs. Ultimately, the path to career growth in forensic science depends on the individual's specific interests and goals within the field.

Can a forensic science degree lead to a career in law enforcement?

Yes, a forensic science degree can lead to a career in law enforcement, especially in roles that involve the application of science to criminal investigations. Forensic scientists often work alongside law enforcement agencies to analyze evidence and support criminal cases. While forensic science focuses more on scientific analysis, many forensic science graduates work in partnership with police departments, crime scene investigation teams, or as expert witnesses in legal proceedings.

Should you study chemistry or forensic science for toxicology careers?

If you are aiming for a career in forensic toxicology, studying forensic science is often the best route, as it provides a direct focus on the application of science in legal investigations, including toxicology. However, a degree in chemistry can also be a strong foundation, as it provides in-depth knowledge of chemical principles, which is crucial for analyzing substances like drugs and poisons in biological samples. Both paths are viable, but forensic science offers a more targeted education in criminal investigations and legal procedures.

Does forensic science require strong math and science skills?

Yes, forensic science requires strong math and science skills, particularly in subjects like chemistry, biology, physics, and sometimes even statistics. These subjects are fundamental to analyzing evidence accurately, whether it's examining DNA, interpreting toxicology results, or reconstructing a crime scene. While not all forensic science careers involve complex math, having a solid foundation in these areas is essential for performing accurate and reliable forensic analyses.

References:

Alliant International University. (2024). How to Become a Forensic Scientist. Alliant International University
Glassdoor. (2025). Salary: Digital Forensic Examiner in the United States 2025. Glassdoor
Salary.com. (2025). Forensic Chemistry Salary. Salary.com
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024). OOH: Forensic Science Technicians. U.S. BLS
ZipRecruiter. (2025). Forensic Scientist Salary. ZipRecruiter