How to Become a Substitute Teacher in Massachusetts for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Massachusetts faces a substitute teacher shortage, with vacancies affecting over 30% of classrooms each year. This shortage disrupts learning and school operations. Offering competitive pay and flexible schedules, substitute teaching provides a practical career path for individuals seeking professional growth while supporting education across the state.

This article, prepared by career planning experts, will explore the certification steps, key requirements, and practical strategies to help aspiring educators begin their journey and succeed as substitute teachers.

Key Things to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Massachusetts

Applicants must have a high school diploma or GED, be at least 18 years old, have legal work eligibility, and pass background checks, with no statewide certificate required.
Training is managed by individual districts, and candidates apply directly with the required documents and screenings.
Substitute teachers earn around $46,000 per year, with long-term roles offering benefits and pathways to full teaching or leadership positions.

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?
What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in Massachusetts?
How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?
How much do substitute teachers in Massachusetts make?
How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in Massachusetts?
What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?
How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in Massachusetts?
What are Massachusetts substitute teacher licensing requirements?
What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?
What legal rights do substitute teachers have in Massachusetts?
What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in Massachusetts?
Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teachers in Massachusetts

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, substitute teacher requirements combine state-level minimums with district-specific standards. While the state provides a basic framework, local school districts may add their own criteria for hiring.

Below are the key requirements:

Education Requirements: A high school diploma or GED is sufficient at the state level, but some districts may prefer candidates with college coursework or degrees.
Certification: Massachusetts does not require a substitute teaching certificate, setting it apart from many other states.
Minimum Age: Applicants must be at least 18 years old to qualify for substitute teaching positions.
Employment Eligibility: All candidates must provide proof of legal authorization to work in the United States.
Background Checks: A criminal background check and fingerprinting are required through the Massachusetts Department of Criminal Justice Information Services.
District-Specific Standards: Some districts may require additional training, assessments, or experience, so applicants should review local job postings carefully.

Those seeking to advance their qualifications might explore a list of the best 1 year online masters degree in education programs to enhance their credentials beyond the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in Massachusetts.

What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in Massachusetts?

Massachusetts does not have a standardized statewide training program for substitute teachers, leaving districts to establish their own guidelines and requirements. Below are the primary training components.

No Statewide Mandatory Training: The state does not require formal training or certification for substitutes, focusing instead on eligibility to work, age requirements, and successful completion of background checks.
District-Level Programs: Many districts develop their own training programs to prepare substitutes for classroom management and maintaining instructional continuity.
Boston Public Schools Training: Boston Public Schools (BPS) offers one of the most detailed programs, requiring 6–10 hours of interactive online training and an assessment with a minimum passing score of 85%. A SubDiploma is issued upon successful completion.
Exemptions for Licensed Educators: Individuals holding a valid Massachusetts Educator License are often exempt from district-level substitute training requirements due to their existing qualifications.
Private School Approval: Private occupational schools focus on minimum eligibility standards and submit approval requests for substitutes, with less emphasis on structured training.

Given this district-dependent framework, those interested in substitute teaching should consider how these training variations align with their professional goals and may also explore advanced education paths, such as the best rated online doctorate in higher education programs, to enhance their qualifications and opportunities.

6% of substitute teachers recieve ongoing professional development.

How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?

The process to become a substitute teacher in Massachusetts is determined by individual school districts, which means procedures and requirements may vary. While most districts follow similar steps involving applications, documentation, and screenings, it is essential to review each district’s specific process carefully.

Below are the key steps:

Research District Requirements: Visit the website of your chosen school district to review their application process, deadlines, and any special prerequisites or forms.
Submit a District Application: Complete the online application through the district’s employment portal. Some districts may require attendance at an informational workshop before applying.
Provide Required Documentation: Prepare and submit necessary documents, including fingerprinting proof, CORI background check forms, government-issued identification, official transcripts (if requested), and a voided check for payroll setup.
Participate in Interview and Screening: Qualified applicants may be invited to an interview to assess classroom management abilities and understanding of district policies. Screening may also involve assigning login credentials for substitute management systems.
Placement and Scheduling: Once approved, substitutes are added to district rosters. Many districts use systems like Frontline or Absence Management, allowing substitutes to accept jobs online or by phone.

How much do substitute teachers in Massachusetts make?

The average substitute teacher salary in Massachusetts is approximately $46,136 per year, translating to about $22.18 per hour. Pay rates vary from $33,900 at the 25th percentile to $54,600 at the 75th percentile, with top earners reaching as high as $67,711 annually. In metropolitan areas like Boston, the average salary is close to the state average at $45,553, while experienced substitutes in high-demand districts may earn significantly more.

Nearby cities like Cambridge and Medford report higher average salaries, whereas suburban districts such as Newton offer lower rates of around $38,396. Despite these regional differences, the median pay suggests that substitute teaching in Massachusetts can be a financially sustainable career, particularly for those pursuing long-term or specialized roles.

For those looking to enhance their qualifications or pursue advanced education while working, exploring options like a cheap online EdD can be a strategic move to increase earning potential and career flexibility.

How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in Massachusetts?

Massachusetts does not issue a statewide substitute teaching certificate, so maintaining eligibility depends primarily on local school district requirements or, for licensed educators, the state’s standard teacher license renewal process. Below are the key points:

No State Substitute Certificate: There is no formal statewide license or renewal process specifically for substitutes in Massachusetts.
District-Level Requirements: Individual school districts set their own eligibility rules, which often include a bachelor’s degree, background checks, or performance evaluations.
Licensed Teachers as Substitutes: Teachers holding Initial or Professional licenses must follow Massachusetts licensure renewal procedures rather than a substitute-specific system.
Initial License Renewal: Initial teaching licenses are valid for five years and cannot be renewed; educators must advance to a Professional License.
Professional License Renewal: Renewal is required every five years through the ELAR system, involving an Individual Professional Development Plan (IPDP) and 150 Professional Development Points (PDPs).
Professional Development Requirements: PDPs must include 15 points each in SEI/ESL/bilingual education, strategies for diverse learners, pedagogy, content area, and 90 elective points.
Documentation and Audits: Educators submit documentation only if chosen for a state audit, minimizing administrative tasks.

What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?

Substitute teachers in Massachusetts are vital to ensuring smooth classroom operations and maintaining educational progress when the regular teacher is unavailable. Below are the key responsibilities of a substitute teacher in Massachusetts:

Arrive Early: Arrive 15–20 minutes before school starts to review lesson plans and prepare for the day.
Report to the Main Office: Check in upon arrival to receive instructions, materials, and updates on school procedures.
Implement Lesson Plans: Follow the regular teacher’s plans or create alternative lessons with staff assistance if needed.
Maintain Classroom Management: Ensure student discipline and a safe, organized learning environment.
Create a Positive Environment: Encourage respect, collaboration, and engagement throughout the school day.
Enforce School Policies: Adhere to all rules, schedules, and administrative procedures.
Protect School Property: Safeguard students, equipment, and facilities during the assignment.
Report Incidents: Notify school authorities of any accidents, behavioral issues, or emergencies.
Engage Students: Use effective strategies to keep students actively learning and focused.
Complete Required Reports: Provide end-of-day notes, return materials, and document classroom activities.

How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in Massachusetts?

Substitute teaching in Massachusetts offers considerable flexibility, though the degree of control depends on the type of role. Day-to-day substitutes have the greatest freedom, as they can select assignments that align with their schedules and are not penalized for declining work.

However, this flexibility often comes with income unpredictability and inconsistent work opportunities, which may not appeal to individuals seeking steady hours. In contrast, long-term and building substitutes follow more structured schedules, offering greater stability at the expense of daily flexibility.

District policies and personal availability also influence scheduling options. Some districts request substitutes to indicate preferred days or subjects to streamline placements, while others impose minimal requirements. This arrangement benefits a wide range of individuals, from retirees to college students, but it requires adaptability and proactive effort to secure consistent assignments within the state’s competitive school systems.

What are Massachusetts substitute teacher licensing requirements?

To begin substitute teaching in Massachusetts, it is essential to meet specific licensing benchmarks that vary by district. Prospective substitutes should verify eligibility criteria such as academic credentials, background checks, and any additional state or district-specific endorsements. Detailed guidelines, including preparatory steps and required documentation, can be found by reviewing the official standards outlined in our article on the Massachusetts substitute teacher licensing requirements. This resource provides a comprehensive framework to ensure compliance and facilitate a smooth transition into substitute teaching roles.

What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?

Substitute teachers in Massachusetts have access to a range of benefits that vary based on hours worked, classification, and district policies. Below are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Massachusetts:

Health and Dental Insurance: Long-term substitutes working at least 20 hours per week may qualify for health and dental coverage, with benefits determined by district guidelines and state regulations.
Retirement and Savings Plans: Eligible substitutes can participate in voluntary retirement or savings plans, enabling them to make pre-tax contributions toward their financial future.
Paid Sick Leave: Long-term substitutes may earn paid sick leave on a pro-rated basis, depending on district policies and length of service.
Flexible Scheduling: Day-to-day substitutes can select assignments according to their availability, allowing for work-life balance and adaptability.
Professional Experience: Substituting provides valuable classroom experience, skill development, and networking opportunities that can lead to permanent teaching positions.

Prospective substitutes interested in sustainable careers should consider these factors carefully, especially when evaluating the impact of benefits on overall compensation. Those seeking additional credentials might explore options like affordable online library science masters degrees to enhance their qualifications and opportunities within Massachusetts schools.

The average age of substitute teachers is 42 years.

What legal rights do substitute teachers have in Massachusetts?

Substitute teachers in Massachusetts are subject to state regulations and local district policies that define their employment terms and professional responsibilities. Below are the key legal considerations for substitute teachers in Massachusetts:

Temporary Employment Status: Substitutes are usually employed for fewer than 90 consecutive school days, limiting their access to benefits and job protections available to permanent staff.
Licensing and Work Limits: A valid teaching license or hardship waiver is required to continue substituting in the same position beyond 90 consecutive days.
Limited Job Security: Substitute service does not count toward Professional Teacher Status (PTS) unless the individual earns a license and continues employment for at least two more years under specific conditions.
Minimum Qualifications Enforcement: State rules prevent hiring substitutes without proper educational credentials, with emergency placements capped at 10 school days unless approved by DESE.
Union Representation and Local Protections: Access to grievance rights or collective bargaining depends on local union policies, which vary widely across districts.

What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in Massachusetts?

Substitute teaching in Massachusetts provides valuable classroom experience and networking opportunities that can lead to long-term career growth in education. Below are the key career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in Massachusetts:

Becoming a Fully Certified Teacher: Many substitutes complete the Massachusetts educator licensure requirements to secure full-time teaching positions with better pay and benefits.
Pursuing Long-Term Substitute Assignments: Extended assignments offer consistent experience and often serve as a direct pathway to permanent teaching roles.
Advancing Into Educational Leadership: With further education or administrative training, substitutes can move into leadership positions such as curriculum specialist, assistant principal, or district coordinator.
Expanding Professional Development and Training: Participating in workshops, certification programs, and educator training helps substitutes strengthen their teaching credentials.
Exploring Specialized Roles in Education: Substitutes with subject expertise or advanced degrees can transition into roles like instructional coach or academic advisor.

For those uncertain about educational pathways, resources on what are the easiest education degrees may provide useful guidance. Career advancement for substitute teachers in Massachusetts often hinges on combining experience with targeted professional development opportunities for Massachusetts substitute teachers.

To better understand the qualifications many substitutes bring to the role, the chart below shows the educational attainment levels of substitute teachers nationwide.

What do substitute teachers in Massachusetts say about their careers?

Completing the substitute teacher program at Boston Latin Academy gave me confidence to work with diverse students. The flexibility of substitute teaching in Massachusetts helps me balance personal growth and career goals while making a meaningful impact on young learners each day. —Stephan
Finishing the substitute teaching program at Lowell High School gave me new perspectives on teaching and student needs. Massachusetts’ diversity and supportive community inspire me, and adapting to different classrooms has strengthened my passion for education and helping students succeed. —Kyla
After earning my substitute certification at Springfield Central School, I gained valuable insight into Massachusetts’ education system. Professional development opportunities are excellent, and substitute teaching offers both flexibility and purpose while supporting students and shaping the community’s future. —Brian

Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teachers in Massachusetts

Are online substitute teacher training programs in Massachusetts legitimate?

Yes, online substitute teacher training programs in Massachusetts are legitimate if recognized by school districts or the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE). A reputable option is the DESE-approved Substitute Teacher Training Program by Massachusetts Virtual Academy, which aligns with state requirements. Additionally, the American Board for Certification of Teacher Excellence (ABCTE) offers a nationally respected certification, enhancing professional credibility.

Is substitute teaching in Massachusetts considered full-time employment?

No, substitute teaching in Massachusetts is generally not considered full-time employment. Substitutes are hired on an as-needed basis, often without guaranteed hours or benefits such as health insurance or retirement plans. Daily pay typically ranges from $100 to $150 depending on the district. While long-term assignments may offer more hours, they rarely equate to full-time employment.

What skills do you gain as a substitute teacher in Massachusetts?

Substitute teaching in Massachusetts equips you with essential professional skills. You develop classroom management techniques, adaptability, and problem-solving abilities through diverse teaching environments. Communication and collaboration skills improve as you interact with students and staff. Time management and organization become critical when delivering lesson plans efficiently. These skills are highly transferable, supporting career growth in education and beyond.

Should you substitute teach before becoming a full-time teacher in Massachusetts?

Yes, substitute teaching is a beneficial step before becoming a full-time teacher in Massachusetts. It provides hands-on classroom experience, helping refine instructional and management skills. Substituting also allows you to build professional networks within school districts, which can enhance employment opportunities. While not a requirement for certification, this experience strengthens a candidate’s readiness for a full-time teaching career.

References:

All Education Schools. (n.d.). Massachusetts teacher certification guide. Retrieved from All Education Schools
Attleboro Public Schools. (n.d.). Teacher/paraprofessional substitutes. Retrieved from Attleboro Public Schools
Education Colleges. (n.d.). Substitute teaching in Massachusetts, MA | Education colleges | Teachers college | How to become a teacher. Retrieved from Education Colleges
Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. (n.d.). Advancing or extending a license - Office of educator licensure. Retrieved from Mass DOE
Massachusetts Department of Early Education and Care. (n.d.). Get an EEC professional certification. Retrieved from Mass.gov
MassTeacher. (n.d.). Licensure. Retrieved from MassTeacher
myKelly. (n.d.). How to become a substitute teacher in Massachusetts. Retrieved from myKelly
NAPS. (n.d.). Client challenge. Retrieved from NAPS
Teaching Channel. (n.d.). Massachusetts requirements for teachers. Retrieved from Teaching Channel
Teaching Certification. (n.d.). Massachusetts teacher certification renewal. Retrieved from Teaching Certification