How to Become a Medical Biller or Coder – Salary & Requirements for 2025
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Medical billing and coding specialists primarily manage the data and paperwork associated with medical procedures and patient profiles. They ensure accurate billing, reimbursements, and data entry of patient details. Without them, there will be an inefficient information flow between medical service providers and insurance companies.
There is a growing demand for medical coders, so online training programs for medical coding are also on the rise. Statistics show that 55% of medical coders work from home (AAPC, 2023), which makes this profession even more attractive to individuals looking for remote work opportunities.
If you are thinking of getting into this profession and want to know how to become a medical coder, this article has the essential information you need. Our research team gathered the latest information related to starting your career as a medical coder including schooling for medical billing specialists and salary information.
How to Become a Medical Biller or Coder Table of Contents
- What is a medical biller or coder?
- What does a medical biller or coder do?
- How to Become a Medical Coder: Requirements
- How to Become a Medical Coder: Essential Skills
- Strategies for Professional Growth in Medical Billing and Coding
- Is medical billing and coding a viable career option?
- How is automation reshaping medical billing and coding?
- What are the benefits and challenges of remote work for medical coders?
- Medical Biller or Coder Salary and Job Outlook
- How can professional networking boost career advancement in medical billing and coding?
- How Can an Accelerated Online Bachelor's Degree in Healthcare Administration Boost Your Billing and Coding Career?
- What Is the Impact of Continuous Learning on Billing and Coding Expertise?
- Advanced Education Opportunities in Medical Billing and Coding
- How do medical billing and coding certifications impact career growth?
- How Can Additional Clinical Education Benefit Billing and Coding Professionals?
- Can Medical Billing and Coding Professionals Benefit from Pharmacy Billing Knowledge?
What is a medical biller or coder?
Before we get to the details of how to become a medical coder, let us look into what is a medical biller or coder. Most people might picture a cashier working independently in a small office at a hospital and processing invoices for patient treatments. But the medical biller and coder job description is more than that. Like a seemingly mysterious title like a phlebotomist what do they do? Medical billers or coders play a crucial role in the financial and administrative aspects of the healthcare industry and prepare invoices for patients and insurance companies, ensuring accurate and timely billing.
Moreover, medical coders translate patient data, including diagnoses, treatments, and procedures, into industry-recognized formats for documentation and reimbursement purposes. Contrary to the image of medical billers working only in hospital settings, medical coders can work in various work environments such as physicians' offices, insurance companies, and medical billing companies.
If you like working on computers and reviewing, entering, and updating information, then working as a medical or clinical coder can be an excellent career fit. That's because medical billers and coders heavily rely on computers and data to accomplish their work.
To sum it up, medical billing and coding specialists act as vital intermediaries, ensuring proper payment for healthcare providers and preventing patients from being overcharged, thereby maintaining a seamless flow of information between medical offices and insurance companies.
What does a medical biller or coder do?
So what does a medical billing and coder do? To be specific, medical billers prepare invoices for both patients and insurance companies. This means they interact directly with patients, collecting payments, and processing insurance claims on their behalf. But they also need to communicate with companies following up on unpaid claims, creating payment plans, and making sure all parties are properly billed and payments are collected. Medical billers focus on processing the proper payment for healthcare providers while also ensuring that patients are not overcharged or burdened with excessive financial obligations.
On the other hand, the medical coder's job description focuses on translating patient data into industry-recognized formats. They carefully review medical records, including diagnoses, treatments, procedures, medications, and equipment, and assign appropriate codes to each piece of information. These codes serve as a standardized language that accurately represents the patient's medical condition and the services provided. They also work with patients to make sure data for treatments and procedures are accurate since information in their patient files directly affects billing.
The reason why medical coding and billing are often interchanged is that both roles work with patient data to ensure that claims and invoices are processed accurately and efficiently. They often work behind the scenes in collaboration with healthcare professionals to ensure that the coding reflects the services provided. Some employers might specifically hire someone with a wide range of skills related to billing and coding.
How to Become a Medical Coder or Biller: Requirements
There are many steps in how to become a medical coder or biller. In fact, these are similar to how to become a psychiatric nurse. You will need to get the right education, certifications to help advance your career, and relevant work experience.
Education
When you ask how to become a medical coder, education is the first thing that comes to mind. And you might think that education requirements include postsecondary degrees. You might be surprised to learn that all you need is a high school diploma or GED to get started. With just this basic educational qualification, you can jump right into the world of medical billing and coding.
With that said, obtaining an associate's or bachelor's degree can increase your chances of getting hired. That is because most employers prefer candidates who can show they have the discipline and determination to push through tasks, which can be demonstrated by completing years of rigorous training at a university or the best colleges for registered nurses and other healthcare professionals.
If you want to fast-track your career, start with an associate degree program. Within two years, you can be well on your way to your dream career. Eventually, you can enroll in programs that continue on to a bachelor's degree. Learn more about degree programs in medical coding and billing in our guide.
Certifications
Another important part of how to become a medical coder is certifications. Obtaining a medical billing coder certification can significantly enhance your prospects of entering the field. Employers in the healthcare industry generally prefer candidates who hold professional certifications, as these credentials demonstrate expertise in complex billing procedures and government-mandated coding requirements. In a survey by the American Association of Professional Coders, results revealed that certified medical coders earn 27% more than those without certification (AAPC, 2023).
Certification not only opens up more job opportunities but also has the potential to command higher salaries. While certification is not always a mandatory requirement, many medical billing and coding positions often necessitate specialized education and certification. Achieving certification involves rigorous preparation, and the exams themselves can be demanding, with some lasting up to nearly six hours.
However, the investment of time and effort in attaining a medical biller coder certification can yield rewarding outcomes, as certified medical billers and coders tend to earn higher wages. Furthermore, the number of certifications one holds can contribute to further salary increments in the field.
Work Experience
Degrees and certifications are the core requirements for learning how to become a medical biller or coder. But if you don't have them yet, you can also look at other avenues where you can gain practical experience in the field.
Internships are often offered as part of educational programs and provide students with hands-on experience, allowing them to work alongside experienced professionals. You can look for internship opportunities provided by employers. The largest employers of medical billers or coders are hospitals (29%), offices of physicians (19%), professional, scientific, and technical services (9%), administrative and support services (7%), nursing and residential care facilities (5%) (BLS, 2022).
If you are planning on shifting your career and want to get some experience before enrolling in medical billing and coding programs, then volunteer work can also be valuable. Volunteer experiences in hospitals or clinics provide opportunities to observe medical billing and coding processes and gain insights into the healthcare industry.
How to Become a Medical Coder or Biller: Essential Skills
The requirements for education and training are just the first steps on how to become a medical coder. You will also need to learn the essential skills of the profession and possess crucial soft skills to perform at your best as a medical biller or coder. Our research team has made the list below for your reference:
Technical Skills and Proficiency in Coding Systems
Technical skills like computer skills and software know-how are basics in becoming a medical coder or biller. That's because medical billers typically spend long hours at a computer to complete their tasks. For instance, proficiency in using electronic health records (EHR) systems is a must, especially when 78% of office-based physicians and 96% of non-federal acute care hospitals have already adopted a certified EHR (HealthIT.gov, 2021).
Working as a medical biller or coder also requires proficiency in various coding systems. This is an essential skill not only for the accurate recording of diagnoses, treatments, procedures, medications, and equipment used in patient care but also for efficient communication between health professionals and thus, patient safety.
To classify diseases and health problems, healthcare facilities utilize the ICD-10 or the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. This system not only facilitates accurate categorization but also enables healthcare facilities to allocate resources more efficiently and deliver timely and appropriate care to patients. The ICD-10 codes are alphanumeric and have been in use since 1977.
Another important coding system is the CPT, which stands for Current Procedural Terminology. This system aids coders and other healthcare professionals in swiftly identifying the services provided to patients. CPT codes consist of five-digit alphanumeric codes, typically comprising five numbers. However, in some cases, they may include four numbers and a letter, depending on the type of service being coded.
The HCPCS, or Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System, is based on the CPT system. It is specifically used to code non-physician services that are not covered by the CPT system. HCPCS codes are alphanumeric, comprising a letter followed by four numbers. They play a crucial role in accurately documenting and categorizing various healthcare services and procedures.
Strong Knowledge of Anatomy, Physiology, and Disease Processes
Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and disease processes is vital for medical billers and coders to help them accurately code patient data such as diagnoses and procedures done. Your knowledge in these areas plays a crucial role in identifying coding errors and ensuring that claims are processed correctly.
For instance, if a code is assigned for a procedure that is anatomically impossible based on the patient's condition, a knowledgeable medical biller or coder can quickly spot this discrepancy as a potential coding error.
Additionally, a strong grasp of anatomy and physiology enables effective communication between medical billers and coders, and healthcare providers. This proficiency ensures that accurate information is conveyed, leading to proper coding, billing, and overall patient care.
Familiarity with Healthcare Regulations and Insurance Guidelines
When talking about how to become a medical coder or biller, you cannot leave out the topic of healthcare regulations and insurance guidelines. Compliance with these regulations and guidelines is paramount because this will help billers and coders correctly process claims, minimize errors, and prevent patients from being overcharged. Non-compliance can result in penalties, legal action, and damage to the reputation of healthcare providers. Therefore, staying up-to-date with the ever-changing regulations is essential for maintaining compliance.
Additionally, proficiency in healthcare regulations and insurance guidelines can help you advance your career as a clinical coder. That's because a medical biller coder certification exam often tests you on your grasp of these concepts, further emphasizing their importance in professional growth and recognition.
Effective Communication and Interpersonal Skills
Aside from the essential technical skills, we also need to include soft skills when discussing how to become a medical coder or biller. Strong communication skills help you as a medical biller to establish and maintain effective relationships with healthcare providers and insurance companies. Clear and concise communication ensures that all parties involved have a mutual understanding of the billing and coding processes, leading to efficient claim processing and payment.
Moreover, medical billing and coding can be complex and time-consuming, requiring attention to detail and perseverance. Your communication skills are needed to convey complex information accurately and efficiently. You may need to clarify coding or billing details with healthcare providers or discuss claim discrepancies with insurance companies. By communicating effectively, you can navigate through challenges, resolve issues, and ensure that claims are processed correctly, ultimately benefiting both the healthcare providers and the patients.
Interpersonal skills, including compassion and empathy, are also essential in the medical billing and coding profession. You can expect to interact with patients, healthcare providers, and other professionals in the healthcare industry, so being compassionate and understanding toward patients' concerns and healthcare providers' needs helps build trust and rapport, which can impact your success in the profession.
Strategies for Professional Growth in Medical Billing and Coding
In the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, medical billers and coders must continuously refine their skills and expand their knowledge to stay competitive. A proactive approach to professional growth enhances individual expertise and expands career opportunities. Here are some actionable strategies for career advancement:
- Stay Updated on Industry Trends: Healthcare regulations and coding standards are ever-changing, making it essential for professionals to stay informed. Regularly participating in workshops, webinars, or industry conferences can help keep you updated on the latest compliance practices, billing software advancements, and federal mandates.
- Leverage Advanced Training Options: Beyond basic certifications, pursuing advanced coursework or specialized credentials can position you as a leader in the field. For example, expertise in medical auditing or compliance management can open doors to supervisory roles within healthcare organizations.
- Consider Advanced Degrees: Pursuing further education can significantly boost career prospects. Programs like 1 year masters programs USA offers allow professionals to gain advanced healthcare management knowledge efficiently. These accelerated programs are particularly advantageous for honing leadership and decision-making skills, which are highly valued in revenue cycle management or healthcare administration roles.
- Utilize Networking Opportunities: Building a robust professional network can provide invaluable career insights and open job opportunities. Joining organizations like the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) or the American Academy of Professional Coders (AAPC) is an excellent way to connect with peers and industry leaders.
- Optimize Technology Proficiency: With the increasing reliance on software systems for electronic health records (EHR) and data analytics, medical billers and coders should consistently upgrade their technical skills. Familiarity with advanced EHR platforms and coding automation tools can give you a competitive edge.
Is medical billing and coding a viable career option?
Medical billing and coding can be a viable career option for those interested in the healthcare industry, offering a mix of technical and administrative tasks. However, it's essential to consider the pros and cons of this profession before making a decision. To learn more about the advantages and disadvantages of being a medical biller and coder, visit is medical billing and coding in demand to gain a deeper understanding of this career path.
How is automation reshaping medical billing and coding?
Rapid advancements in automation and artificial intelligence are redefining workflows in medical billing and coding. Cutting-edge software now automates routine tasks, enhances data accuracy, and detects potential errors in real time, thereby reducing claim rejections and streamlining administrative processes. This shift allows professionals to concentrate on regulatory compliance, advanced analytics, and strategic decision-making. Embracing these technologies not only increases efficiency but also creates new avenues for career development, opening the door to roles that require enhanced technical proficiency and critical thinking. For professionals seeking improved opportunities and career transitions, exploring our article on high paying medical jobs can provide additional insights into sectors benefiting from technological integration.
What are the benefits and challenges of remote work for medical coders?
With over half of medical coders working remotely, understanding the benefits and challenges of remote work in this field is essential:
- Benefits of Remote Work:
- Work-Life Balance: Remote work allows medical coders to create a more flexible schedule, balancing professional responsibilities with personal commitments.
- Reduced Commute Time: Working from home eliminates commuting, saving time and reducing travel expenses.
- Increased Job Opportunities: Coders can apply for positions across the country, expanding their career options without the need to relocate.
- Productivity Gains: Many remote coders report enhanced focus and efficiency when working in their own space, away from workplace distractions.
- Challenges of Remote Work:
- Isolation: Remote work can lead to feelings of isolation, as coders miss out on in-person interactions with colleagues and supervisors.
- Workspace Requirements: Setting up a secure, ergonomic home office with the necessary technology can be costly and challenging.
- Self-Discipline: Remote work requires strong time-management skills and self-motivation to stay productive without direct oversight.
- Communication Barriers: Remote coders may face difficulties in promptly resolving questions or receiving feedback due to limited real-time communication.
Understanding these factors can help aspiring medical coders prepare for the realities of remote work and develop strategies to navigate its unique demands.
Medical Biller or Coder Salary and Job Outlook
You will be glad to know that a lot of work is waiting for you as a medical biller or coder. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, job growth for medical records specialists is projected to grow by 7% from 2021 to 2031. (BLS, 2022). Experts also estimate that about 14,900 openings for medical billers or coders will be added each year, on average, over the decade.
The demand for medical billers and coders is increasing due to an aging population, leading to a greater demand for healthcare services, which is also one of the reasons to become a surgical technologist. Consequently, there will be an increased need for medical records specialists who can efficiently convert relevant health information into standardized codes. These codes are crucial for insurance reimbursement and various other purposes. With the rise in medical records, particularly with the widespread adoption of EHR systems by healthcare providers, there will be a growing demand for specialists who can accurately code and maintain the associated information across all sectors of the healthcare industry.
Like other professionals, medical billing and coding salary offers are influenced by many factors. These include certification and years of work experience in a specific role. In general, coders with certificates can earn more than those without, and coders who are in mid-level roles also get paid bigger salaries than those holding entry-level positions.
How can professional networking boost career advancement in medical billing and coding?
Building strong industry connections plays a critical role in career progression. Engaging with professional associations, online forums, and mentorship programs offers access to exclusive job opportunities, industry insights, and hands-on experiences from seasoned experts. These networks also facilitate the exchange of best practices and emerging trends, helping professionals stay competitive in an evolving healthcare landscape. Moreover, connecting with cross-disciplinary peers can provide pathways to complementary skills, such as clinical or administrative expertise, broadening one’s professional profile. For instance, exploring programs like the quickest medical assistant program can introduce additional avenues for skill development and networking, ultimately enhancing career growth and industry credibility.
How Can an Accelerated Online Bachelor's Degree in Healthcare Administration Boost Your Billing and Coding Career?
Pursuing an accelerated online bachelor's degree in healthcare administration equips billing and coding professionals with robust leadership and operational management skills essential for navigating the complex healthcare landscape. This academic pathway complements technical expertise by cultivating strategic insights into healthcare policies, financial planning, and regulatory compliance, thereby preparing professionals for advanced roles. Integrating administrative acumen with coding proficiency offers a competitive edge by opening doors to managerial positions and broadening career trajectories. Explore the best accelerated online bachelor's degree in healthcare administration to align your technical skills with a solid foundation in healthcare management for sustained career growth.
What Is the Impact of Continuous Learning on Billing and Coding Expertise?
In today’s rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, a commitment to continuous professional development is paramount for billing and coding specialists. Ongoing training supplements initial education by providing current insights into emerging coding standards, regulatory updates, and advanced data security measures. Engaging in targeted workshops, online courses, and specialized seminars sharpens analytical skills essential for interpreting complex claims and achieving regulatory compliance. Interdisciplinary programs such as the best accelerated PharmD programs online further enrich understanding of clinical processes, enabling professionals to bridge communication gaps between billing practices and patient care.
Advanced Education Opportunities in Medical Billing and Coding
For medical billing and coding specialists seeking to broaden their expertise and advance their careers, pursuing higher education in related fields like healthcare administration can be a strategic step. Advanced degrees provide professionals with a deeper understanding of the healthcare system, management principles, and regulatory frameworks.
Why Consider a Master’s Degree?
A master's degree equips professionals with skills beyond technical coding, such as leadership, healthcare management, and policy analysis. These skills are invaluable for roles like medical office manager or healthcare administrator.
Flexible Learning Options
Busy professionals can take advantage of flexible learning options such as online programs. For example, one year online masters in healthcare administration offers an accelerated pathway to gain advanced knowledge without sacrificing work commitments.
Career Advancement and Increased Earning Potential
With a master’s degree, professionals can qualify for higher-level positions and command competitive salaries. Roles like compliance officer, healthcare manager, and medical practice manager often require advanced education.
How do medical billing and coding certifications impact career growth?
Certifications play a pivotal role in shaping the career trajectory of medical billers and coders. Employers often prioritize candidates with recognized certifications, such as the Certified Professional Coder (CPC), Certified Coding Specialist (CCS), or Certified Billing and Coding Specialist (CBCS). These credentials validate your expertise in medical terminology, coding systems like ICD-10, and healthcare regulations, giving you a competitive edge in the job market.
Moreover, earning certifications can lead to higher salary potential and increased job stability. According to industry studies, certified professionals often earn significantly more than their non-certified counterparts. Certifications also open doors to advanced roles, such as medical coding auditor or compliance officer, allowing professionals to diversify their career paths.
If you’re considering entering this field or expanding your qualifications, exploring medical billing and coding online courses cost can help you find affordable options to prepare for certification exams.
By investing in certifications, you not only enhance your skill set but also demonstrate a commitment to excellence and professionalism—qualities that employers value highly in the medical billing and coding industry.
How Can Additional Clinical Education Benefit Billing and Coding Professionals?
Integrating clinical education with billing and coding practices can enhance professionals’ ability to critically analyze complex patient records and treatment plans. A deeper understanding of clinical therapies and pharmacological nuances can lead to improved accuracy when assigning codes and resolving claim discrepancies. This interdisciplinary approach not only refines coding precision but also enhances communication with healthcare providers, thereby streamlining reimbursement processes. For further insights into complementary clinical education pathways, consider exploring our article on online Pharm D programs.
Can Medical Billing and Coding Professionals Benefit from Pharmacy Billing Knowledge?
Mastering pharmacy billing protocols can further enhance financial accuracy and regulatory compliance in medical billing and coding. In-depth understanding of medication claims, drug pricing structures, and pharmacy operations not only streamlines reimbursement processes but also equips professionals to effectively tackle complexities arising from interdisciplinary healthcare services. Leveraging pharmacy insights can open new avenues in career advancement and broaden your expertise in healthcare finance. For those interested in exploring complementary career paths, consider reviewing how much is it to become a pharmacist as part of your strategic growth plan.
Start Your Career as a Medical Biller or Coder
Our team of researchers looked at the different steps involved in working as a bonafide medical coder or biller. Using the latest data available from credible sources, we answered questions about how to become a medical coder and ways you can grow your salary as a medical coder. You can work at large health systems, small group physician practices, or even for a solo physician's office.
Since medical coding and billing are specializations, it is not enough to just get a formal education in the field. You should also aim for certifications, keep your technical skills updated, and stay committed to your job to gain years of experience under your belt. All these will have a direct impact on your success as a medical billing and coding specialist. For example, some medical coders shift to working as medical office administrators later in their careers. Check medical office certificate programs in our guide.
With the salary ranges and the projected high demand for medical coders, it is a good time to start investing in your career as a medical biller or coder. Enrolling in a reputable medical billing program can help you gain the necessary knowledge and skills to start working in the industry. Obtaining your degree and combining that with certifications and work experience is an excellent formula for achieving success as a medical coder.
Remember that when choosing medical billing and coding programs, set aside time to conduct thorough research before selecting a program. Our team recommends choosing a program with a high certification pass rate, indicating the success of graduates in attaining the degree or credential.
Read more about other careers in the medical and healthcare industry. Check our guide on online PhD program in public health or our guide on nursing degrees. Learn about what you can do with a BSN degree, nurse educator salary, and other relevant information to succeed in this occupation.
Key Insights
- Growing Demand and Remote Work Opportunities: The demand for medical coders is increasing, with 55% of them working from home, making this profession attractive for individuals seeking remote work opportunities.
- Essential Role in Healthcare: Medical billers and coders play a crucial role in the financial and administrative aspects of healthcare, ensuring accurate billing, reimbursements, and data entry of patient details.
- Educational Requirements: A high school diploma or GED is sufficient to start a career in medical billing and coding, but obtaining an associate's or bachelor's degree can enhance job prospects.
- Certification Importance: Certification is not mandatory but highly recommended, as certified medical coders earn 27% more than non-certified ones. Certification also opens up more job opportunities.
- Skill Set: Medical coders need a strong knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and disease processes, proficiency in coding systems (ICD-10, CPT, HCPCS), familiarity with healthcare regulations, and excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
- Positive Job Outlook: The job growth for medical records specialists, including medical billers and coders, is projected to grow by 7% from 2021 to 2031, with about 14,900 new job openings annually.
FAQ
1. What is the role of a medical biller or coder?
A medical biller prepares invoices for patients and insurance companies, ensuring accurate and timely billing. They interact with patients to collect payments and process insurance claims. A medical coder translates patient data, including diagnoses, treatments, and procedures, into standardized codes for documentation and reimbursement purposes.
2. What educational qualifications are required to become a medical coder or biller?
To become a medical coder or biller, a high school diploma or GED is the minimum requirement. However, obtaining an associate's or bachelor's degree in a related field can increase job prospects and demonstrate a higher level of discipline and determination.
3. Are certifications necessary for a career in medical billing and coding?
While certifications are not mandatory, they are highly recommended. Certified medical coders earn 27% more than those without certification and have better job opportunities. Certification demonstrates expertise in complex billing procedures and government-mandated coding requirements.
4. What technical skills are essential for medical coders and billers?
Medical coders and billers need proficiency in coding systems such as ICD-10, CPT, and HCPCS. They must also have strong computer skills, be proficient in using electronic health records (EHR) systems, and stay updated with healthcare regulations and insurance guidelines.
5. What soft skills are important for medical coders and billers?
Important soft skills for medical coders and billers include effective communication, attention to detail, problem-solving abilities, and strong interpersonal skills. These skills help in accurately processing claims, resolving discrepancies, and maintaining positive relationships with healthcare providers and insurance companies.
6. What is the job outlook for medical coders and billers?
The job growth for medical records specialists, including medical billers and coders, is projected to grow by 7% from 2021 to 2031. There are expected to be about 14,900 new job openings each year on average. The demand is driven by an aging population and the increasing adoption of electronic health records.
7. What are the typical work environments for medical billers and coders?
Medical billers and coders can work in various settings, including hospitals, physicians' offices, insurance companies, and medical billing companies. Many also have the opportunity to work remotely from home.
8. How can one advance their career in medical billing and coding?
To advance in a medical billing and coding career, individuals should obtain relevant certifications, gain practical work experience, and stay updated with industry changes and advancements. Pursuing higher education and specialized training can also lead to more advanced roles and higher salaries.
9. What is the average salary for medical billers and coders?
The average salary for medical billers and coders varies based on factors such as certification, experience, and location. Certified medical coders generally earn more than non-certified ones. Specific salary data can vary, so it's essential to research current statistics for accurate figures.
10. What are some recommended programs for medical billing and coding education?
When choosing a medical billing and coding program, look for reputable institutions with high certification pass rates. Programs that offer hands-on experience, internships, and up-to-date curriculum aligned with industry standards are highly recommended.
Resources:
- American Association of Professional Coders (2023). 2023 Medical Coding and Billing Salary Report. AAPC
- HealthIT.gov (2021). Trends in Hospital & Physician EHR Adoption. healthit.gov
- Bureau of Labor Statistics (2022). Medical Records Specialists Job Outlook. BLS
