How to Become a Special Education Teacher in New York: Requirements & Certification for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Choosing a career as a special education teacher in New York offers an incredible opportunity to positively impact the lives of students with varied learning needs. As 21% of public school students in the state receive special education services, there is a strong need for qualified educators in this field. New York's focus on inclusive education underscores the importance of special education teachers in supporting equitable learning experiences for all students. In this guide, I provide a step-by-step overview of how to pursue this meaningful career, covering essential certifications, insights into the role’s unique challenges, and the rewards that come with helping students thrive.

Key Things You Should Know About Becoming a Special Education Teacher in New York 

• The job outlook for special education teachers in New York is promising, with a projected growth rate of 15.33% through 2030, reflecting an increasing demand for specialized educators.
• Special education teachers in New York earn an average salary of approximately $63,837 annually, with the potential for higher earnings based on experience and advanced degrees.
• Organizations like the New York State Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (NYSASCD) offer professional development opportunities, enhancing skills and knowledge for special education teachers.
• Top employers include the New York City Department of Education, various charter schools, and specialized private institutions, all committed to fostering inclusive learning environments.

Table of Contents

1. What are the educational requirements to be a special education teacher in New York?
2. How long does it take to become a special education teacher in New York?
3. What are the licensing requirements for special education teachers in New York?
4. What is the demand for special education teachers in New York?
5. How much do special education teachers in New York earn?
6. What professional development opportunities are available for special education teachers in New York?
7. Are there advanced roles for experienced special education teachers in New York?
8. What are the biggest challenges faced by special education teachers in New York?
9. What additional certifications can boost your career as a special education teacher in New York?
10. How Can Diverse Academic Backgrounds Enrich Special Education Teaching?
11. How do New York’s special education laws impact teachers?
12. Which online bachelor's degree programs in special education are reputable and accessible?
13. How can special education teachers transition into school psychology roles in New York?
14. Can supplemental counseling certifications enhance student support in special education?
15. How do preschool teaching credentials differ from special education requirements in New York?
16. How can I build a strong professional network in New York?
17. How can behavior analysis certification enhance my career as a special education teacher in New York?
18. What emerging trends are influencing the special education landscape in New York?
19. Are there scholarships and grants available for special education teachers in New York?
20. What are the career transitions available for special education teachers in New York?
21. What other career paths are available to special education teachers in New York?
22. How can I obtain an affordable teaching credential in New York?
23. Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a Special Education Teacher in New York

What are the educational requirements to be a special education teacher in New York?

To become a special education teacher in New York, aspiring educators must navigate a series of essential educational steps that lay the groundwork for a fulfilling career. Here’s what you need to know about the educational prerequisites:

• Degree in Special Education: Candidates are required to obtain a state-approved degree in special education. Renowned institutions like Hunter College and the University at Buffalo offer specialized programs that equip future teachers with the necessary skills and insights to effectively support students with disabilities.
• Academic Standards: Many programs set a minimum cumulative GPA, typically around 3.0, to ensure that candidates possess the academic foundation essential for teaching.
• Practical Experience: Engaging in a student teaching internship within a special education environment is crucial. This hands-on experience allows aspiring teachers to apply their theoretical knowledge in real classroom settings, directly interacting with students who have a range of disabilities.

Reflecting on her journey, a special education teacher from New York shared, “When I first started my degree, I was overwhelmed by the coursework and the emotional weight of the responsibility ahead. I remember late nights studying teaching strategies and child development, often questioning if I was cut out for this. But during my student teaching, everything clicked. I felt a profound connection with my students, and their progress became my motivation. I realized that every challenge I faced in my education was worth it when I saw a child light up with understanding. It’s a journey filled with hard work, but the rewards are immeasurable.”

How long does it take to become a special education teacher in New York?

Here’s a breakdown of the timeline involved in this rewarding career path:

• Undergraduate Degree: Typically, students spend about four years completing a bachelor’s degree in education or a related field. Institutions like Hunter College and New York University offer excellent programs tailored for aspiring special education teachers.
• Master’s Degree: After earning a bachelor’s, candidates usually need an additional one to two years to obtain a master’s degree in special education. This advanced study enhances their understanding of effective teaching methods and the diverse needs of students.
• Internships/Student Teaching: Practical experience is crucial, and most programs include a semester-long internship or student teaching placement. This hands-on training allows future educators to apply their knowledge in real classroom environments under the mentorship of seasoned professionals.
• Certification Exams: Once academic requirements are fulfilled, candidates must prepare for and pass state certification exams, a process that can take several months.

In total, the journey to becoming a special education teacher in New York can span approximately five to seven years, depending on individual choices and additional certifications.

Reflecting on his journey, a special education teacher from New York shared, “It took me about six years to reach my goal. I remember the long nights studying for my master’s and the excitement of my first classroom experience during my internship. Each step was challenging, but seeing my students thrive makes every moment worthwhile. It’s a journey filled with growth, and I wouldn’t trade it for anything.”

What are the licensing requirements for special education teachers in New York?

In New York, aspiring special education teachers are required to obtain a license to practice, ensuring they adhere to the state's educational standards and professional expectations. If you already hold a degree in education or a related field, you can embark on this rewarding journey by following a structured licensing process.

• Licensure Exams: The first step involves passing specific exams that evaluate your knowledge and skills in both general and special education. These assessments are designed to ensure you are well-prepared to meet the diverse needs of your future students.
• Background Checks: To prioritize student safety, candidates must undergo comprehensive background checks, which include fingerprinting. This step is crucial in maintaining a secure learning environment.
• Verification of Credentials: It’s essential to confirm that you have completed the required coursework and training focused on special education. This verification process ensures that you are equipped with the necessary skills to support students with special needs effectively.
• License Renewal: Once you obtain your license, you must engage in ongoing professional development to keep your credentials current. Typically, this renewal occurs every five years and requires you to complete a specific number of professional development hours. This commitment to continuous learning not only enhances your teaching abilities but also positively impacts your students' success.

Reflecting on her journey, a special education teacher from New York shared, “The licensing process was both challenging and rewarding. I remember feeling overwhelmed by the exams and the background checks, but each step brought me closer to my goal. When I finally received my license, it felt like a huge accomplishment. I was ready to make a difference in my students' lives. The ongoing professional development has been invaluable; I’ve learned so much about new strategies and approaches. It’s a continuous journey, but knowing I’m helping my students thrive makes every effort worthwhile.”

What is the demand for special education teachers in New York?

In New York, there are approximately 142,770 special education teachers actively working in various educational settings, including public and private schools. The demand for these educators is on the rise, driven by an increasing recognition of the need for specialized support for students with disabilities. This growing need highlights the demand for special education teachers in New York as schools strive to provide adequate resources for all students.

Among the different child development professional careers available, special education is in high demand. According to recent projections, the job growth rate for special education teachers in New York is expected to be around 15.33% over the next several years, aligning with the national average for all occupations. This growth translates to an estimated 4,310 job openings each year, reflecting the ongoing need for qualified professionals in this vital field. As schools continue to integrate students with special needs into mainstream classrooms, the requirement for certified special education teachers becomes even more critical. This presents a remarkable opportunity for aspiring educators to make a meaningful impact in the lives of students, fostering an inclusive environment where every child can thrive. The job outlook for special education teachers in New York is promising, making it an attractive career choice for those interested in child development.

How much do special education teachers in New York earn?

In New York, special education teachers are rewarded with a competitive average salary that underscores their vital role in shaping the educational landscape. Typically, these dedicated professionals earn around $63,837 annually, with opportunities for salary growth as they accumulate experience and enhance their skills.

However, it’s important to note that salaries can vary based on several factors, including the specific school district, the teacher's level of experience, and any additional qualifications they may possess. For example, urban districts often offer higher salaries compared to their rural counterparts, reflecting the higher cost of living and the demand for skilled educators in those areas.

At the same time, special education teachers often earn salaries comparable to their general education peers, recognizing the specialized expertise needed to support students with diverse learning needs. This combination of competitive compensation and the chance to make a significant difference in students' lives makes a career in special education in New York both rewarding and financially viable.

A special education teacher from New York shared her thoughts on his earnings, reflecting on his journey. “I remember starting out and feeling a bit overwhelmed, but as I gained experience, my salary increased significantly. It’s reassuring to know that my hard work is recognized. I feel valued, and while I’m not in it for the money, it’s nice to have a salary that reflects my dedication and the impact I make every day.”

What professional development opportunities are available for special education teachers in New York?

In New York, aspiring special education teachers have access to a variety of professional development opportunities designed to enhance their skills and knowledge. These resources foster personal growth and contribute to the overall improvement of educational practices for students with diverse needs.

• New York State Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (NYSASCD) Annual Conference: This event brings together educators from across the state to discuss innovative teaching strategies, including those tailored for special education. Attendees can network with peers and gain insights into the latest research and practices, making it a key event for professional development for special education teachers in New York.
• New York State Education Department (NYSED) Workshops: NYSED offers a range of state-sponsored workshops focusing on critical topics such as IEP development, behavioral interventions, and inclusive teaching strategies. These workshops are invaluable for both new and experienced educators seeking to stay current with state regulations and best practices, contributing to their continuing education opportunities for SPED teachers in New York.
• Online Learning Platforms: Various online platforms provide webinars and courses specifically for special education teachers. Topics often include Universal Design for Learning and Positive Behavioral Interventions, allowing educators to learn at their own pace while earning professional development credits. This flexibility is essential for educators looking to enhance their skills while managing their busy schedules.

These are some of the resources available for those interested in the childhood development careers available for special education professionals in New York.

Are there advanced roles for experienced special education teachers in New York?

Special education teachers in New York have a wealth of career pathways at their fingertips, allowing them to grow professionally while making a significant impact on the lives of students with disabilities.

• Educational Diagnostician: This role focuses on assessing students to identify their unique learning needs and developing tailored educational plans. Typically requiring a master’s degree, educational diagnosticians are crucial in implementing early intervention strategies and often work with school districts like the New York City Department of Education.
• Special Education Coordinator: In this administrative position, seasoned educators manage special education programs, ensuring compliance with state and federal regulations while providing support to teachers. Many coordinators operate within larger school systems, such as those in New York City, where they can significantly shape policy and program initiatives.
• Behavior Analyst: Special education teachers can transition into behavior analyst roles, concentrating on strategies to improve student behavior and learning outcomes. This position usually requires additional certification and can be found in various educational environments, including private practices and organizations like the New York State Office of Mental Health.
• Adjunct Professor: Experienced educators have the opportunity to teach at community colleges or universities, such as Hunter College or Brooklyn College, where they can inspire and mentor the next generation of special education teachers.

A special education teacher from New York shared her journey, reflecting on her transition from the classroom to a role as a Special Education Coordinator. “I always wanted to make a broader impact,” she said. “It was challenging to step away from direct teaching, but I realized I could influence policy and support my colleagues in ways I hadn’t imagined.” She described the emotional weight of her responsibilities, noting, “Every decision I make affects so many students and teachers. It’s a big responsibility, but knowing I’m helping create a better environment for everyone makes it worthwhile.” Her experience illustrates the rewarding nature of advanced roles available to dedicated special education teachers in New York.

What are the biggest challenges faced by special education teachers in New York?

Becoming a special education teacher in New York is a fulfilling journey, yet it comes with unique challenges that educators must navigate. Understanding these hurdles can empower aspiring teachers to prepare for a rewarding career.

• High Demand and Workload: New York City’s diverse student population creates a significant need for special education teachers. This demand often results in larger caseloads than recommended, leading to increased stress and potential burnout.
• Resource Constraints: Many educators report insufficient resources and support from school administrations. This lack of materials can hinder their ability to deliver effective instruction, forcing teachers to sometimes purchase supplies out of their own pockets.
• Emotional Challenges: The emotional toll of working with students with disabilities can be profound. Teachers frequently experience compassion fatigue, which can impact their well-being and ability to maintain a healthy work-life balance.
• Navigating Parent Relationships: Building trust with parents can be challenging, as they are often understandably concerned about their children's progress. While effective communication is essential, it can also lead to stressful interactions that require patience and empathy. For special education teachers in New York, fostering strong relationships with parents is key to addressing these challenges successfully.
• Collaboration with Support Staff: Special education teachers often work with paraprofessionals who may not have adequate training. This necessitates ongoing support and guidance, adding to the teacher's responsibilities. Ensuring that all staff are well-prepared can alleviate some of the difficulties faced by special education teachers in New York.

Despite these challenges, the impact that special education teachers have on their students' lives is immeasurable. With dedication and the right support, educators can thrive in this vital role, making a lasting difference in the lives of their students.

However, in light of these difficulties, you might consider a teaching career in other states, like South Carolina. If you're interested in learning more about state-specific teaching credentials, you can explore the process for South Carolina teaching license renewal or the process in other states.

What additional certifications can boost your career as a special education teacher in New York?

Expanding your qualifications beyond the standard special education certification can open valuable career avenues and enhance classroom versatility. Pursuing subject-specific or interdisciplinary credentials can increase your competitiveness and support roles in various educational settings. For example, obtaining a certification aligned with language instruction may diversify your teaching portfolio and facilitate transitions into complementary areas. Consider reviewing the comprehensive pathway outlined in how to become an English teacher in New York for strategic insights on augmenting your credentials.

How Can Diverse Academic Backgrounds Enrich Special Education Teaching?

Incorporating interdisciplinary studies can offer special education teachers innovative strategies for addressing diverse learning needs. Exposure to varied fields deepens understanding of cultural nuances and advanced communication techniques, enabling educators to tailor instruction and foster inclusive classroom environments. Insights from disciplines such as educational psychology and, for example, a theology major broaden perspectives on ethics and community support, ultimately equipping teachers with refined problem-solving and engagement skills.

How do New York’s special education laws impact teachers?

The impact of New York special education regulations is profound, as they create a framework that supports both teachers and students.

New York's special education framework is influenced by several key laws:

• The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandates that students with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education (FAPE) tailored to their individual needs. This law compels teachers to develop personalized education plans (IEPs) that outline specific goals and accommodations for each student.
• New York State Education Law and the Regulations of the Commissioner of Education establish additional requirements for special education services. These regulations emphasize the importance of collaboration among educators, parents, and specialists, encouraging a team approach to support student success.
• Parts 200 and 201 of the state regulations detail the procedures for identifying and evaluating students with disabilities. This ensures that teachers are trained to recognize signs of learning challenges early, allowing for timely intervention.

For those considering a career in education, it's also beneficial to explore the teacher licensure process in other states. For example, you can learn more about the Wisconsin teacher licensure process. This broader perspective can enhance your understanding of the diverse educational landscapes across the country.

Which online bachelor's degree programs in special education are reputable and accessible?

For educators seeking flexible pathways that complement classroom and work responsibilities, accredited online bachelor's programs can serve as a strategic advantage. Prospective special education teachers should prioritize programs that meet regional accreditation standards, offer robust curricula tailored to diverse learning needs, and provide transparent outcomes regarding graduate success. Evaluating program format, tuition costs, and available student support services are critical steps in aligning your educational pursuits with your career objectives. For additional insights into quality online programs, review the best online bachelors degrees in special education to identify options that deliver both accessibility and academic rigor.

How can special education teachers transition into school psychology roles in New York?

For educators aiming to broaden their impact, transitioning into school psychology presents a strategic career advancement. Leveraging specialized classroom experience with individualized learning and behavioral intervention techniques creates a solid foundation for pursuing advanced psychological training. In New York, integrating targeted coursework and clinical experiences enables educators to meet school psychologist requirements New York, thereby reinforcing their capacity to support students’ academic and emotional wellbeing through a more comprehensive framework.

Can supplemental counseling certifications enhance student support in special education?

Integrating targeted counseling skills into your special education practice can further equip you to address complex student needs. Pursuing supplemental certifications, such as exploring how to become a substance abuse counselor in New York, enhances your ability to identify and manage behavioral challenges effectively. This additional expertise supports collaboration with mental health professionals and creates a more comprehensive framework for student wellbeing without overlapping established career transition or certification information.

How do preschool teaching credentials differ from special education requirements in New York?

Preschool teaching in New York demands specialized training focused on early developmental milestones, play-based learning, and age-appropriate classroom strategies that differ from the broader framework of special education. While both fields require certification and a commitment to supporting diverse learners, preschool educators must demonstrate proficiency in early childhood curriculum design and developmental assessment. Interested candidates should review preschool teacher requirements in New York for an in-depth understanding of the criteria and processes specific to early childhood education.

How can I build a strong professional network in New York?

Building a robust professional network can significantly enhance career opportunities and provide access to innovative practices. Special education teachers in New York are encouraged to participate in professional associations and local education forums that regularly host seminars, workshops, and collaborative events tailored to their field. Engaging in both in-person and online communities cultivates mentorship opportunities and facilitates the exchange of best practices. Additionally, leveraging district-specific groups and national organizations can offer targeted insights into emerging trends and instructional strategies. For further details on complementary career paths, review how to become an elementary school teacher in New York.

How can behavior analysis certification enhance my career as a special education teacher in New York?

Integrating behavior analysis into your teaching skillset can offer a targeted approach to addressing challenging student behaviors and improving educational outcomes. By obtaining specialized training, educators gain advanced strategies for designing and implementing effective interventions, which can be particularly beneficial for students with autism and other behavioral challenges. For those interested in pursuing this pathway, consider reviewing the comprehensive resource on how to become a BCBA in New York to further expand your professional expertise.

What emerging trends are influencing the special education landscape in New York?

Recent innovations in educational technology and evolving student support models are transforming the special education sector in New York. Digital platforms and adaptive learning tools are increasingly paired with data-driven decision-making to meet individual student needs more precisely. Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaborations are gaining prominence—many educators are broadening their expertise to integrate counseling and mental health support into classroom practices. For instance, those seeking to diversify their roles and enhance student wellbeing may explore school counselor requirements in New York as part of their professional development. These trends indicate a shift toward integrated support systems that align instructional practices with holistic student growth.

Are there scholarships and grants available for special education teachers in New York?

The rising cost of tuition can be a significant barrier for many aspiring educators, particularly those interested in special education. However, there are numerous scholarships and grants available specifically for individuals pursuing a career in this vital field in New York. These financial aids not only alleviate the burden of educational expenses but also encourage passionate individuals to make a difference in the lives of students with special needs. For those exploring career options, there are also various child development job opportunities that can complement their educational journey.

• New York State Masters in Education Teacher Incentive Scholarship: This scholarship offers up to $5,655 per semester to students pursuing a master’s degree in education at SUNY or CUNY, provided they commit to teaching in New York State public schools for five years. Eligibility includes being a matriculated graduate student in an approved program, maintaining a 3.5 GPA, and residing in New York State. The program, which opens for applications in July 2025, supports up to 500 new recipients annually and requires annual FAFSA or NYS DREAM Act applications for continued funding.
• TEACH Grant: The Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant provides funding for students who plan to teach in high-need fields, including special education. This federal grant can offer up to $4,000 annually, but recipients must fulfill a service obligation by teaching in a designated low-income school for a specified period. Such grants for special education teachers in New York are crucial for those looking to make a meaningful impact.

What are the career transitions available for special education teachers in New York?

Many special education teachers in New York consider transitioning into different educational roles throughout their careers to diversify their professional experience or align with personal goals. These transitions often leverage their unique expertise in supporting students with individualized needs.

One common career path is moving into private education. Private schools often provide special education services and may offer more flexibility in curriculum design or teaching methodologies compared to public schools. Teachers interested in exploring private school opportunities can learn more about the requirements and benefits by reading the guide on how to become a private school teacher in New York.

Additionally, many special education professionals pursue administrative positions, such as becoming Special Education Coordinators or Directors. These roles allow educators to influence policy implementation, mentor new teachers, and manage support frameworks for students with disabilities.

Another promising option is transitioning into higher education or teacher training. Experienced teachers often find fulfillment in preparing the next generation of educators by joining faculty teams in colleges or universities or leading professional development workshops.

Exploring these alternative careers can provide special education teachers with broader opportunities to impact education while continuing to support inclusive learning environments for all students.

What other career paths are available to special education teachers in New York?

Special education teachers in New York have a wide range of career options beyond traditional teaching roles. For those interested in supporting students with communication disorders, learning about how to become a speech language pathologist in New York can provide valuable insights into a related field. This career path involves working with students to assess, diagnose, and treat speech and language disorders, playing a critical role in their educational and personal development. Alternatively, some special education teachers may choose to transition into roles such as educational consultants, advocates for special education policy, or specialists in assistive technology, leveraging their expertise to impact the broader educational landscape. These diverse career paths not only utilize the skills and knowledge of special education teachers but also contribute to creating a more inclusive and supportive educational environment for all students.

How can I obtain an affordable teaching credential in New York?

Aspiring educators can reduce financial barriers by strategically exploring cost-effective education pathways that streamline the certification process. Several institutions now offer accelerated and alternative models designed to minimize tuition expenses without compromising credentialing standards. For example, graduates may opt for specialized programs that integrate coursework with practical training, helping them enter the workforce sooner while reducing overall costs. Additionally, applicants are encouraged to evaluate state-supported initiatives and financial aid options that further lower the economic impact of obtaining a professional qualification. Consider reviewing teaching credential programs in New York for comprehensive insights on affordable certification pathways.

What Special Education Teachers in New York Say About Their Careers

• "Working as a special education teacher in New York has been one of the most rewarding experiences of my life. The diverse student population allows me to learn from my students every day, and witnessing their growth and achievements fills my heart with joy. I truly feel like I'm making a difference in their lives." —Sarah
• "The support and resources available for special education teachers in New York are unparalleled. From professional development opportunities to a strong community of educators, I have been able to enhance my skills and advocate effectively for my students. It's incredibly fulfilling to see them thrive in an inclusive environment." —Michael
• "Every day in my special education classroom is a new adventure filled with challenges and triumphs. The connections I build with my students and their families are deeply meaningful, and I cherish the moments when a child finally grasps a concept they've struggled with. This career has not only shaped my professional life but has enriched my soul." —Emily

Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a Special Education Teacher in New York

Is New York good for special education students?

New York is a vibrant and supportive environment for special education students, reflecting a commitment to inclusivity and tailored learning. As of the latest data, approximately 21% of public school students in New York receive special education services, highlighting the state's dedication to meeting diverse educational needs. This robust framework ensures that students with disabilities have access to individualized support, fostering their academic and social growth. New York's schools are equipped with resources, specialized programs, and trained professionals who are passionate about empowering every learner

Is it expensive to pursue special education in New York?

Pursuing a career as a special education teacher in New York can be a rewarding journey, though it does come with financial considerations. The average undergraduate tuition fee in New York is approximately $7,000 per year for in-state students at public colleges, while private institutions can exceed $40,000 annually. Additionally, aspiring teachers must budget for certification costs, which can range from $100 to $300 for exams and application fees. Despite these expenses, the investment is worthwhile; special education teachers play a crucial role in shaping the lives of students with diverse needs, making a profound impact on their communities and fostering inclusive environments.

How does New York support special education teachers?

New York is committed to supporting special education teachers through various initiatives and resources, fostering an environment where educators can thrive and make a meaningful impact. The state recognizes the unique challenges faced by these professionals and has implemented several programs to enhance their skills and well-being.

• The New York State Education Department (NYSED) offers professional development workshops specifically tailored for special education teachers, focusing on innovative teaching strategies and inclusive practices.
• Organizations like the New York State Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (NYASCD) provide networking opportunities and resources to help educators share best practices and collaborate on effective teaching methods.
• Additionally, the state has established the New York State Special Education Task Force, which aims to improve the quality of special education services and support teachers in their vital roles.

Does SPED have a board exam in New York?

In New York, there is no specific board exam for becoming a Special Education (SPED) teacher. Instead, certification requirements include completing specific academic pathways, passing required exams, and meeting other state-mandated criteria as outlined by the New York State Education Department (NYSED). Teachers seeking certification in Students with Disabilities (SWD) can obtain various certificates based on grade levels and subject areas, including the new SWD (All Grades) certificate, which allows educators to work with students from pre-K through grade 12.

References:

• NYSED.gov (n.d.). Teacher Performance Assessment Proposal: Testing:OTI:NYSED. https://www.highered.nysed.gov/tcert/certificate/swd-allgrades-faqs.html
• National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). Fast Facts: Students with disabilities (64). https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=64
• Salary.com (2024). Special Education Teacher Salary in New York. salary.com https://www.salary.com/research/salary/benchmark/special-education-teacher-salary/ny
• U.S. Department of Education (2023). 45th Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2023. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/files/45th-arc-for-idea.pdf
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2023). Occupational Outlook Handbook: Special Education Teachers. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/special-education-teachers.htm
• Kolmar, C. (2024). Special education teacher salary by State: Highest-Paid Special Education Teachers by State [2024]. Zippia. https://www.zippia.com/advice/special-education-teacher-salary-by-state
• O*Net OnLine. (n.d.). New York employment trends: 25-2058.00 - Special education teachers, secondary school. https://www.onetonline.org/link/localtrends/25-2058.00?st=NY
• O*Net OnLine. (n.d.). New York employment trends: 25-2057.00 - Special education teachers, middle school. https://www.onetonline.org/link/localtrends/25-2057.00?st=NY
• O*Net OnLine. (n.d.). New York employment trends: 25-2056.00 - Special education teachers, elementary school. https://www.onetonline.org/link/localtrends/25-2056.00?st=NY