2024 Best Data Science Degree Programs Ranking in the South

What can I expect from a Data Science degree in the South ?

Graduates from data science programs in the South can expect a rich and engaging educational experience that prepares them for a thriving career in a rapidly evolving field. Here are some key aspects they often share about their journey:

• Interdisciplinary Learning: Many graduates recall how their programs at institutions like the University of North Carolina at Charlotte combined mathematics, statistics, and computer science. This blend allowed them to tackle complex datasets, making them feel well-rounded and capable of approaching problems from multiple angles.
• Practical Application: Students frequently highlight the importance of hands-on projects and internships. For instance, those attending Georgia Tech often mention working on real-world data challenges with local businesses, which not only solidified their understanding but also boosted their confidence in applying theoretical knowledge to practical situations.
• In-Demand Skills: Graduates often express pride in mastering essential skills such as data visualization and programming languages like Python and R. One graduate from the University of Florida shared how learning to create compelling visualizations helped them land a job, as employers were impressed by their ability to communicate complex data insights effectively.
• Career Prospects: Many students feel optimistic about their future, especially knowing that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a 36% growth in data science roles by 2031. Graduates from Louisiana State University often recount how this booming job market made them feel secure in their career choices, with numerous job offers awaiting them upon graduation.
• Exposure to Advanced Technologies: Students appreciate the opportunity to delve into cutting-edge technologies like deep learning and natural language processing. A graduate from the University of Texas at Austin fondly remembers working on a project involving machine learning algorithms,which ignited their passion for innovation in the tech space.
• Networking Opportunities: Many graduates emphasize the value of connections made through their programs. Those from Vanderbilt University often recount attending industry events and career fairs that led to internships, helping them build a professional network that proved invaluable in their job search.

These experiences collectively paint a picture of a supportive and dynamic learning environment, making data science degrees in the South an attractive option for aspiring professionals.

Where can I work with a Data Science degree?

Graduates with a degree in data science from Southern universities can expect to find themselves in a variety of exciting and rewarding roles across multiple industries. Many alumni from institutions like the University of Texas at Austin and Georgia Tech have shared their experiences, highlighting the diverse career paths available to them.

• Technology: Graduates often land positions as data scientists or software engineers in tech hubs like Austin, where companies are eager to leverage data for product development. One graduate recalled how their role involved analyzing user data to enhance app features, making a tangible impact on user satisfaction.
• Finance: In cities like Charlotte, known as a financial center, many graduates work as quantitative analysts or financial analysts. One former student described using statistical models to assess investment risks, feeling a sense of accomplishment in guiding critical financial decisions.
• Healthcare: With the growing healthcare sector in places like Nashville, graduates frequently find roles as health data analysts or biostatisticians. A graduate shared how they analyzed patient data to improve treatment protocols, emphasizing the rewarding nature of contributing to better health outcomes.
• Retail and E-commerce: In bustling retail environments like Atlanta, data scientists often work as marketing analysts. One graduate recounted their experience optimizing inventory systems and personalizing customer experiences, which directly boosted sales and customer loyalty.
• Government and Public Sector: Many graduates are drawn to roles in government agencies, where they analyze data for policy-making. A former student expressed pride in using data-driven insights to enhance public services, feeling their work made a difference in the community.
• Education: With universities increasingly adopting data science, graduates can work as educational data analysts. One graduate reflected on howthey used data to inform curriculum improvements, positively impacting student learning experiences.

These diverse opportunities not only promise competitive salaries but also allow graduates to make meaningful contributions in their chosen fields.

How much can I make with a Data Science degree in the South?

Graduates with a Data Science degree in the South can expect competitive salaries, particularly in roles such as Data Analysts. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mean annual wage for Data Analysts is approximately $66,440, translating to about $31.94 per hour. This salary reflects the growing demand for data-driven decision-making in various industries, especially in tech hubs like Atlanta and Austin.

Many graduates from Southern universities have shared their experiences, highlighting the financial benefits of their degrees. For instance, one graduate from a well-known university in Texas mentioned landing a Data Analyst position shortly after graduation, where they were thrilled to start at a salary that aligned with the national average. Another graduate from a prominent university in Florida recounted how their internship experience helped them secure a full-time role, emphasizing the importance of practical experience in boosting earning potential.

Key points to consider about salaries for Data Science graduates in the South include:

• Growing Demand: The need for skilled Data Analysts is increasing, leading to competitive salaries.
• Real-World Experience: Internships and hands-on projects during studies can significantly enhance job prospects and starting salaries.
• Networking Opportunities: Universities in the South often provide robust networking opportunities, connecting students with industry professionals who can help them land lucrative positions.

Graduates often express excitement about the career paths available to them, noting that their Data Science degrees have opened doors to various industries, from healthcare to finance. The supportive academic environment in Southern colleges fosters a sense of community, making the journey through their studies not just educational but also enriching and fulfilling.

How long does it take to complete a Data Science degree in the South?

Completing a Data Science degree in the South typically varies based on the level of education pursued. For an associate degree, students can expect to spend about two years in a full-time program. Institutions like Georgia State University offer robust associate programs that equip graduates with foundational skills in data analysis and statistics, preparing them for entry-level positions or further studies.

For those aiming for a bachelor’s degree, the journey usually takes four years. Universities such as the University of Florida and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte provide comprehensive bachelor’s programs that delve into machine learning, data mining, and big data technologies. Graduates from these programs often share how their hands-on projects and internships significantly enhanced their learning experience, making them feel well-prepared for the workforce.

Master’s degree programs in Data Science generally require an additional one to two years of study. Institutions like Vanderbilt University and the University of Texas at Austin offer accelerated master’s programs that can be completed in as little as 10 to 16 months. Graduates from these programs frequently highlight the intense, immersive curriculum and the networking opportunities that arise from being in a vibrant academic community.

To summarize the timelines:

• Associate Degree: Approximately 2 years
• Bachelor’s Degree: Approximately 4 years
• Master’s Degree: 1 to 2 years (with some accelerated options)

Many students express excitement about the collaborative environment in Southern universities, where they engage in group projects and real-world data challenges. This supportive atmosphere not only fosters learning but also builds lasting connections with peers and faculty, making the educational journey both enriching and enjoyable.

What’s the difference between online and on-campus Data Science degree?

The primary difference between online and on-campus Data Science degrees lies in the mode of delivery and the overall experience. Online programs offer flexibility, allowing students to balance their studies with work or personal commitments. For instance, graduates from online Data Science programs in the South often appreciate the ability to attend classes from anywhere, making it easier to juggle internships or part-time jobs in tech hubs like Atlanta or Austin.

On-campus programs, such as those at the University of Florida or Vanderbilt University, provide a more immersive experience. Students benefit from face-to-face interactions with professors and peers, fostering networking opportunities that can lead to internships and job placements. Graduates from these programs often highlight the value of collaborative projects and hands-on learning in labs, which can be crucial for mastering complex data analysis tools.

Consider these key differences:

• Flexibility vs. Structure: Online programs allow students to create their own schedules, while on-campus programs follow a set timetable, which can help students develop discipline and time management skills.
• Networking Opportunities: On-campus students can attend workshops, guest lectures, and career fairs, which are often pivotal in securing job offers. Graduates frequently mention how these connections helped them land roles in local companies.
• Access to Resources: On-campus students have direct access to university resources, such as libraries, labs, and career services. For example, students at Georgia Tech often utilize state-of-the-art facilities for hands-on projects, enhancing their learning experience.
• Community Engagement: On-campus programs foster a sense of community, with students forming study groups and friendships that extend beyond the classroom. Graduates often reminisce about the camaraderie built during late-night study sessions or group projects.

Ultimately, thechoice between online and on-campus Data Science degrees in the South depends on individual learning preferences and career goals. Each path offers unique advantages that can shape a successful career in this rapidly evolving field.

Industry Partnerships and Research Opportunities

Southern data science programs distinguish themselves through robust collaborations with industry leaders and research institutions, providing students with hands-on experience and cutting-edge insights. Universities such as the University of North Carolina at Charlotte partner with global tech companies—Amazon Web Services and IBM among them—to offer sponsored capstone projects, hackathons, and co-op placements. These partnerships not only supplement classroom theory but also position students to tackle real-world challenges in big data, machine learning, and AI. Research centers at institutions like Georgia Tech’s Institute for Data Engineering and Science (IDEaS) and Vanderbilt’s Data Science Institute secure federal grants and corporate funding, enabling undergraduates and graduate researchers to contribute to projects ranging from deep learning applications in healthcare to predictive analytics for smart cities. Participation in these initiatives often yields co-authored publications, patents, and presentations at major conferences—critical credentials for aspiring data scientists. Moreover, many Southern programs host annual industry symposia, where students pitch data-driven solutions to panels of corporate partners, forging direct pathways to internships and full-time roles. These events foster professional networking and provide insight into emerging sector needs, from natural language processing in finance to computer vision in agriculture. For students seeking cost-effective alternatives or regional comparisons, our Most Affordable Data Science Degree Programs Ranking in the Northeast offers detailed insights into budget-friendly options beyond the South, ensuring prospective enrollees can balance academic excellence with financial planning.

What is the average cost of a Data Science degree in the South?

The average cost of obtaining a data science degree in the South can vary significantly, influenced by factors such as the type of institution and living arrangements. While specific median costs for in-state and out-of-state students are not available, prospective students can expect a range of expenses based on general trends observed in the region.

• Tuition and Fees: At public universities in the South, tuition for a data science degree typically falls between $10,000 and $30,000 per year for in-state students. Out-of-state students may face higher tuition, often reaching up to $60,000 annually at private institutions. Graduates from these programs often express that the investment is worthwhile, especially when considering the strong job market for data scientists in the region. Understanding the tuition fees for data science programs in Southern universities can help students make informed decisions about their education.
• Living Expenses: Living costs can also impact the overall budget. Students who choose to live on-campus may find it more economical, potentially saving around $160 per month compared to off-campus housing. This can make a significant difference in managing monthly expenses, allowing students to focus more on their studies and less on financial stress.
• Financial Aid: Many students benefit from financial aid, with approximately 77% receiving assistance that averages around $13,500 per year. This support can come from scholarships, grants, or loans, helping to alleviate the financial burden. Graduates often share how financial aid made their education more accessible, enabling them to pursue their passion for data science without overwhelming debt.
• Additional Costs: Beyond tuition and living expenses, students should budget for textbooks, supplies, and technology, which can add several hundred to a few thousand dollars annually. Graduates frequently emphasize the importance of planning for these costs to avoidsurprises during their studies.

Investing in a data science degree in the South can lead to substantial long-term earnings, with graduates often earning around $11,000 more annually than peers from other four-year institutions a decade after graduation. This potential for financial growth, combined with the supportive educational environment in the South, makes pursuing a data science degree an appealing option for many students. For those interested in exploring other fields, such as video game design, there are also various degree courses available, which can be found video game design degree courses.

What financial aid is available to Data Science degree students in the South ?

Data Science degree students in the South have a wealth of financial aid options available to them, making the pursuit of their education more accessible and less daunting. Approximately 88% of these students receive some form of financial assistance, highlighting the critical role these resources play in their academic journeys.

• Federal Financial Aid: Many students apply for federal aid through the FAFSA, unlocking opportunities for grants, loans, and work-study programs. For instance, a graduate shared how securing a work-study position allowed them to earn up to $5,000 while gaining valuable experience in a data analytics role.
• Scholarships: Numerous scholarships cater specifically to data science students. One graduate recounted receiving the DeVries Scholarship, which not only alleviated tuition costs but also motivated them to excel academically. Another mentioned the Pathbreaker Scholarship, which recognized their unique background in technology and provided essential funding.
• Fellowships: Academic centers like the Center for Data Science offer fellowships that enhance both financial support and academic credentials. A graduate described how a fellowship not only reduced their tuition but also provided networking opportunities with industry leaders, significantly boosting their career prospects.
• Employer Sponsorship: Employed students can benefit from employer-sponsored education programs. One graduate noted how their company covered a substantial portion of their tuition in exchange for a commitment to work with them post-graduation, allowing them to advance their skills without incurring significant debt.
• Military Education Benefits: Veterans and active military personnel can access educational benefits like the GI Bill. A graduate shared their experience of utilizing the Yellow Ribbon Program, which helped cover additional costs at a private institution, making their dream of studying data science a reality.

-Competitions: Engaging in data science competitions, such as those hosted by Kaggle, can also provide financial rewards. A graduate fondly recalled winning a competition that not only boosted their resume but also provided a cash prize that helped fund their studies.

These financial aid options create a supportive environment for Data Science students in the South, enabling them to focus on their education and future careers.

What are the prerequisites For enrolling in a Data Science program in the South ?

To enroll in a Data Science program in the South, prospective students typically need to meet several prerequisites that vary by institution but generally include a strong foundation in mathematics, statistics, and programming. Most programs require at least a bachelor’s degree, often in a related field such as computer science, engineering, or mathematics.

Key prerequisites often include:

• Mathematics Proficiency: Courses in calculus and linear algebra are commonly required. Graduates from local universities often recall how their high school math courses laid the groundwork for their success in college-level statistics and data analysis.
• Programming Skills: Familiarity with programming languages such as Python or R is essential. Many students share that taking introductory coding classes before applying made their transition into Data Science smoother and more enjoyable.
• Statistics Knowledge: A solid understanding of statistical methods is crucial. Graduates frequently mention how their introductory statistics courses helped them grasp complex data concepts during their studies.
• Analytical Thinking: Programs often look for evidence of analytical skills, which can be demonstrated through coursework or relevant work experience. Students have noted that internships or projects involving data analysis significantly bolstered their applications.

For example, a graduate from a well-known university in Texas recounted how their background in engineering provided a unique perspective on data challenges, making them a strong candidate. Similarly, another graduate from a Florida college emphasized the importance of a statistics course they took online, which not only prepared them for the rigorous curriculum but also boosted their confidence during the application process.

Overall, while the prerequisites can seem daunting, many students find that their previous experiences and coursework align well with the requirements, making the journeyinto Data Science both achievable and rewarding.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Data Science Degree Programs in the South

1. What factors should I consider when choosing a Data Science program in the South? Prospective students should evaluate accreditation, curriculum depth, specializations offered, cost, campus location, and available networking opportunities. Researching faculty expertise and industry partnerships can also help ensure the program meets your career objectives. 2. How competitive is the admissions process for these programs? Admissions vary by institution, but most programs require a strong foundation in mathematics, programming, and statistics. Demonstrated analytical skills, relevant coursework, and extracurricular projects can further boost your application and improve your chances of acceptance. 3. What kinds of financial aid and scholarships are available? Data Science programs in the South offer multiple financial support options, including federal aid, university-specific scholarships, fellowships, and employer sponsorships. Many schools also provide work-study programs and military benefits to reduce overall tuition expenses. 4. How do the curriculum and hands-on learning opportunities prepare students for the job market? Many programs emphasize practical experience through internships, lab projects, and real-world case studies. This hands-on approach, combined with courses on advanced topics like machine learning and big data analytics, equips graduates with the technical and soft skills needed to excel in today’s competitive job market. 5. What career support services can I expect, and how do they influence job placement? Southern universities typically offer robust career services, including resume workshops, networking events, and dedicated job placement support. These resources, along with strong industry connections, help ensure that graduates are well-prepared for successful careers in roles ranging from Data Analyst to Data Scientist.

What courses are typically in a Data Science program in the South ?

Data Science programs in the South typically encompass a diverse range of courses designed to equip students with essential skills and knowledge. Core courses often include:

• Introduction to Data Science: This foundational course covers the basics of data manipulation, analysis, and visualization. Graduates often recall how this course ignited their passion for data, providing them with hands-on experience using tools like Python and R.
• Statistics for Data Science: A critical component, this course delves into statistical methods and their applications in data analysis. Many graduates express how mastering statistical concepts helped them tackle real-world problems, such as predicting customer behavior in retail analytics.
• Machine Learning: This advanced course introduces algorithms that enable computers to learn from data. Students frequently share their excitement about projects involving predictive modeling, such as developing a recommendation system for a local business.
• Big Data Technologies: With the rise of large datasets, courses focusing on tools like Hadoop and Spark are increasingly popular. Graduates often highlight how these skills prepared them for internships, where they worked on analyzing massive datasets to derive actionable insights.
• Data Visualization: This course teaches students how to present data effectively using tools like Tableau and Matplotlib. Many graduates fondly remember creating compelling visual stories that helped stakeholders make informed decisions.
• Ethics in Data Science: As data privacy becomes a pressing issue, this course emphasizes the ethical implications of data usage. Graduates appreciate the discussions around responsible data practices, which they believe are crucial for their future careers.

These courses not only provide technical skills but also foster a collaborative environment where students engage in group projects, simulating real-world data challenges. The blend oftheory and practical application makes these programs in the South particularly enriching and relevant to today’s data-driven landscape.

What types of specializations are available in a Data Science program in the South ?

Data Science degree programs in the Southern United States offer a variety of specializations that cater to the diverse interests and career aspirations of students. These specializations not only enhance skills but also significantly improve employability in a competitive job market. Here are some of the most sought-after specializations:

• Big Data: Students focusing on this area learn to manage and analyze extensive datasets, a skill increasingly vital in industries like finance and healthcare. Graduates often recall how their coursework involved real-world projects, such as analyzing patient data to identify trends in healthcare outcomes, which made their learning experience both practical and impactful. This specialization is particularly relevant for those looking to enter the best data science programs in the South.
• Data Analytics: This specialization emphasizes statistical analysis and data visualization. Graduates frequently share how they enjoyed transforming complex datasets into compelling visual stories that helped organizations make informed decisions. One graduate mentioned a project where they visualized sales data for a local business, leading to a 20% increase in revenue.
• Business Analytics: Combining data science with business principles, this track prepares students for strategic decision-making roles. Many graduates reflect on how their understanding of business dynamics allowed them to contribute meaningfully to team projects, such as developing data-driven marketing strategies that improved customer engagement.
• Computational Data Science: This specialization focuses on algorithms and data systems, appealing to those with strong programming skills. Graduates often express excitement about building their own data models and algorithms, with one recalling how they created a predictive model for a tech startup that significantly enhanced product recommendations.
• Data Engineering: Concentrating on data systemsarchitecture, this track teaches students to construct and maintain data pipelines. Graduates often highlight their hands-on experience with cloud technologies, which prepared them for roles in companies eager to hire professionals skilled in managing large-scale data infrastructures. Those interested in this field may also want to explore the qualifications for software engineers to better understand the skills needed.
• Sector-Specific Analytics: Some programs offer specializations tailored to industries like healthcare and finance. Graduates have shared how these focused tracks provided them with in-depth knowledge, making them attractive candidates for big pharma and biotech companies that are actively seeking professionals experienced in bioinformatics and the analysis of vast amounts of biological and healthcare information.

By selecting a specialization that resonates with their interests, students can effectively prepare for the dynamic landscape of data science careers in the South. With the right focus, they can enhance their employability and contribute significantly to their chosen fields.

How do you choose the best Data Science degree program in the South ?

When selecting a Data Science degree program in the South, students should consider several key factors to ensure their educational journey aligns with their career aspirations.

• Accreditation and Reputation: Graduates often emphasize the importance of choosing a regionally accredited program. One graduate shared how attending a well-regarded university not only provided a solid educational foundation but also opened doors to job opportunities due to the institution's strong reputation in the tech industry. This is particularly relevant when looking for the best data science programs in the South, as a reputable institution can significantly enhance job prospects.
• Curriculum and Specializations: A comprehensive curriculum is vital, with nearly 40% of required courses focusing on information representations, retrieval, and programming. Students have noted that programs offering specializations, such as artificial intelligence or business analytics, allowed them to tailor their studies to their interests, making them more competitive in the job market. This flexibility is essential for those pursuing top data science degrees in the Southern USA.
• Cost and Financial Support: The financial aspect cannot be overlooked. Many graduates mentioned how scholarships and assistantships significantly eased their financial burdens, especially for those coming from out of state. One graduate recalled how a financial aid package made it possible to attend a prestigious program without incurring overwhelming debt.
• Location and Networking Potential: Enrolling in a program located in a tech hub, like Atlanta, can enhance networking opportunities. Graduates often reflect on how internships secured through university connections led to job offers post-graduation, underscoring the importance of being in a vibrant metropolitan area.
• Learning Format: Flexibility in learning formats is crucial. Many students appreciated programs that offered online orhybrid options, allowing them to balance work and studies. One graduate shared how the ability to attend classes online while working part-time made their educational experience manageable and enjoyable.
• Career Services and Job Placement: Strong career support services can make a significant difference. Graduates frequently highlight how their programs’ robust job placement rates and industry connections facilitated smooth transitions into the workforce, providing them with confidence as they embarked on their careers. This aspect is particularly important for those exploring careers in computer programming, as effective career services can lead to valuable job placements.

By focusing on these factors, prospective students can find a Data Science degree program in the South that not only meets their educational needs but also sets them up for a successful career.

What career paths are available For Data Science graduates in the South ?

Graduates of Data Science degree programs in the South have access to a wealth of career paths that reflect the growing importance of data in various industries. With 70% of business leaders preferring candidates with data science skills, the opportunities are abundant and diverse. Here are some key career paths available to these graduates:

• Data Scientist: Many graduates have found themselves thriving as data scientists, where they analyze complex datasets to extract valuable insights. For instance, a graduate from a prominent Southern university shared how they utilized machine learning techniques to improve patient outcomes in a healthcare setting, showcasing the real-world impact of their work.
• Data Analyst: Graduates often start their careers as data analysts, interpreting data to help organizations make informed decisions. One graduate recounted their experience of uncovering trends in consumer behavior for a retail company, which led to strategic changes that significantly boosted sales. This role is just one of the many job opportunities for data science graduates in the South.
• Data Engineer: Those with a knack for programming frequently transition into data engineering roles. A graduate noted their journey of building robust data pipelines that enhanced data accessibility for a tech startup, emphasizing the critical role data engineers play in supporting data-driven initiatives.
• Machine Learning Engineer: Some graduates have ventured into machine learning engineering, developing algorithms that enable automation. A graduate described their excitement in creating predictive models that optimized supply chain operations, illustrating the innovative potential of this career path.
• Data Science Manager: For those aspiring to leadership, data science management offers a fulfilling trajectory. A graduate shared their experience of leading a team to align data projects with business goals, highlighting the satisfaction of guidingothers while driving organizational success.

The demand for data professionals is projected to grow significantly, with an estimated shortage of 190,000 data scientists and 1.5 million data managers and analysts in the U.S. This trend underscores the robust career prospects for graduates in the South, where institutions are equipping students with the skills needed to excel in these roles. The emotional fulfillment and professional growth experienced by graduates serve as a testament to the rewarding nature of pursuing a Data Science degree in this region. For those interested in exploring related fields, there are also exciting options in programming; check out the top jobs for computer programmers.

What is the job market For Data Science degree graduates in the South ?

The job market for data science graduates in the South presents a unique blend of opportunities and challenges. While the demand for data scientists remains strong, graduates often find themselves navigating a competitive landscape. Here are some key insights into the current situation:

• High Demand, Limited Entry-Level Roles: Despite the increasing number of degrees awarded in data science, many job postings are not tailored for recent graduates. A local graduate shared their experience of sifting through hundreds of listings, only to find a handful of suitable entry-level positions in their area. This scenario highlights the complexities of the data science job market in the South.
• Salary Expectations: Graduates can anticipate competitive salaries, with mean annual wages in metropolitan areas such as Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach averaging around $91,190. This reflects the critical role data scientists play in driving business success, especially in industries like e-commerce, which has seen a 15% salary increase over the past two years. Such financial incentives make career opportunities for data science graduates in the South particularly appealing.
• Skill Requirements: Proficiency in programming languages such as SQL, Excel, R, and Python is essential. A recent graduate recounted how mastering Python opened doors to interviews, highlighting the importance of technical skills in securing a position. As the demand for skilled professionals grows, graduates must focus on developing these competencies to stand out in the competitive landscape.
• Experience Paradox: Many employers prefer candidates with prior experience, creating a challenging paradox for new graduates. One individual noted that they faced stiff competition for a coveted role at a well-known company, where dozens of applicants vied for a single opening. This paradox underscores the need for graduates to seek internships or projects that can bolster their resumes.

-Remote Work Opportunities: The rise of remote work has provided flexibility for graduates, allowing them to explore positions beyond their immediate geographic area. This has been a game-changer for many, enabling them to apply for roles in higher-paying markets without relocating. The ability to work remotely has opened up new avenues for those entering the data science field.

Navigating the job market in the South can be daunting, but with the right skills and persistence, graduates can find rewarding opportunities that align with their career aspirations. For those considering their educational paths, exploring various engineering degree pathways can also provide a solid foundation for a career in data science. You can learn more about these pathways engineering degree pathways.