What Does a Counselor Do? (Roles & Responsibilities) for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Counseling is an essential profession that helps individuals navigate personal, emotional, and mental health challenges. According to Zippia, over 347,278 counselors are currently employed in the US, highlighting the growing demand for mental health and wellness services. Counselors play a crucial role in guiding clients through various life difficulties, offering therapeutic support, and promoting overall well-being. Whether working in schools, healthcare settings, or private practices, they provide essential services that improve people’s lives. This article explores the roles, responsibilities, qualifications, and career opportunities available in the field of counseling for 2025.

Key Things You Should Know About What a Counselor Does

• Counselors help individuals navigate mental health challenges, develop treatment plans, and use evidence-based strategies to manage conditions such as anxiety, depression, and trauma.
• Whether dealing with career uncertainties, relationship issues, or grief, counselors equip clients with coping strategies, emotional resilience, and problem-solving skills to help them overcome difficulties.
• Many counselors engage in community outreach, conduct workshops, and collaborate with schools and workplaces to educate people on mental well-being and reduce the stigma surrounding mental health issues.

Table of Contents

1. What are the roles and responsibilities of a counselor?
2. What are the most common types of counselors?
3. What degree do you need to become a counselor?
4. What are the licensing requirements for counselors for 2025?
5. What are the highest-paying counseling jobs for 2025?
6. What are the job prospects for counselors?
7. What are the most effective counseling techniques?
8. What ethical guidelines do counselors have to follow?
9. How can counselors transition to specialize in marriage and family therapy?
10. What is the difference between a counselor and a therapist?
11. Is pursuing an online doctorate in psychology beneficial for career advancement?
12. How do the education requirements differ between psychologists and counselors?
13. How can affordable education enhance your counseling career?
14. How can counselors manage work-life balance and prevent burnout?
15. What challenges do counseling professionals face in today’s evolving landscape?
16. What is the fastest way to become a licensed counselor or therapist?
17. What are the pathways for career advancement in counseling?
18. How do specialized certifications influence career success in counseling?
19. What is the role of affordable specialized training in enhancing counseling careers?
20. Other Things You Should Know About What a Counselor Does

What are the roles and responsibilities of a counselor?

Counselors serve as a critical support system for individuals dealing with emotional distress, psychological disorders, or life transitions. Their responsibilities are diverse and vary depending on their area of specialization. However, their primary role is to assess, support, and guide clients toward healthier mental and emotional states.

Provide Emotional and Psychological Support

Through therapy sessions, counselors help individuals express their thoughts and feelings in a safe and non-judgmental environment. They assess mental health conditions, develop treatment plans, and implement evidence-based strategies to assist clients in managing anxiety, depression, and trauma. Many counselors specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or other therapeutic approaches to address clients' specific needs.

Guide Individuals Through Life Challenges

Counselors also work with clients facing career uncertainties, relationship issues, grief, or personal growth struggles. Their role is not just to offer advice but to equip individuals with problem-solving skills, coping mechanisms, and emotional resilience. For example, school counselors help students navigate academic pressures and career choices.

Promote Mental Health Awareness Within Communities

Many counselors engage in public outreach programs, conduct workshops, and provide education on stress management, self-care, and emotional well-being. This proactive approach helps reduce stigma around mental health issues and encourages individuals to seek professional help when needed. Additionally, counselors collaborate with schools, workplaces, and healthcare providers to create supportive environments that foster mental well-being.

Adhere to Ethical and Legal Guidelines

Counselors are bound by confidentiality laws, ensuring that clients' personal information remains private. Furthermore, they must stay informed about state licensing requirements, professional ethics, and ongoing developments in psychology and mental health care. Accurate record-keeping and continuous professional development are also crucial responsibilities, ensuring they provide high-quality, up-to-date services to those in need.

What are the most common types of counselors?

Counselors specialize in various fields to address the diverse needs of individuals, families, and communities. While all counselors aim to support mental and emotional well-being, their expertise and methods vary based on their specialization.

Mental Health Counselors 

They focus on helping individuals cope with psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They assess emotional and behavioral patterns, develop treatment plans, and provide therapy sessions to support their clients' recovery and overall well-being.

Substance Abuse Counselors 

Theywork with individuals struggling with addiction to drugs, alcohol, or other harmful behaviors. They help clients understand the root causes of their addictions, develop coping strategies, and establish healthier habits. These counselors often collaborate with rehabilitation centers, community organizations, and healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive support.

School and Career Counselors

They assist students in making academic and professional decisions. They provide guidance on course selection, college applications, and career planning while also helping students develop social skills and emotional resilience. Career counselors, on the other hand, work with individuals at various stages of their careers, offering job search strategies, resume-building advice, and workplace adjustment support.

Other Specialized Counseling Roles

These include rehabilitation counselors, who support individuals with disabilities in achieving independence, and grief counselors, who assist people coping with the loss of a loved one. Each type of counselor plays a unique role in promoting mental health and well-being in different contexts.

What degree do you need to become a counselor?

The educational path to becoming a counselor varies depending on the specialization and state licensing requirements. According to Zippia, 59% of counselors hold a bachelor's degree, making it the most common educational background for those entering the field. Some students pursue degrees in psychology, social work, or related fields, while others explore specialized programs like an online bachelor of audiology and speech-language pathology, which provides foundational knowledge in communication disorders and therapeutic interventions. 

However, for most professional counseling roles, a master’s degree is required. Around 18% of counselors have a master’s degree, allowing them to become licensed and take on specialized roles in clinical and therapeutic settings. Many aspiring counselors seek out the quickest master’s degree online to expedite their education and enter the workforce sooner. Online degree programs offer flexible schedules, allowing students to gain practical experience while completing their coursework.

The distinction between licensed and non-licensed counselors is crucial. Licensed counselors have completed a master's degree, accrued supervised clinical experience, and passed national or state-level certification exams. Non-licensed counselors, however, may work in support roles within community organizations but are not authorized to provide clinical therapy. Those looking to advance in the field should plan their education accordingly to meet licensing requirements.

What are the licensing requirements for counselors for 2025?

Counseling licensure varies by state, but most professional roles require a combination of education, clinical experience, and certification exams. To become a licensed counselor for 2025, individuals must typically:

• Earn a master’s degree in counseling, psychology, or a related field.
• Complete 2,000 to 4,000 hours of supervised clinical experience under a licensed professional.
• Pass a national licensing exam, such as the National Counselor Examination (NCE) or the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE).
• Fulfill any state-specific requirements, which may include background checks, continuing education, or additional certifications.

What are the highest-paying counseling jobs for 2025?

Counseling salaries vary widely depending on specialization, education level, and experience. Some of the highest-paying counseling positions include:

Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors

These professionals help individuals struggling with addiction, behavioral disorders, and mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. They provide therapy, develop treatment plans, and support clients through recovery and behavioral change. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual wage for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors was $53,710 in 2023, with top earners in government agencies and hospitals making over $89,920.

Elementary, Middle, and High School Counselors

School counselors play a critical role in guiding students through academic, social, and emotional challenges. Elementary school counselors focus on early childhood development and social skills, while middle and high school counselors help students navigate adolescence, academic planning, and college or career readiness. BLS reports that school counselors earn a median annual salary of $61,710, with professionals in elementary and secondary schools often earning higher wages than those in other settings.

Career Counselors

Career counselors assist individuals in making informed decisions about their education and professional paths. They provide career assessments, job search strategies, and resume guidance to students and working professionals. Those employed in colleges, universities, and government agencies tend to have higher earnings. BLS states that career counselors earn a median salary of $61,710, with the highest-paid professionals making over $100,050 in top industries.

Other specialized roles such as child life specialists, who support children facing medical challenges, offer unique career opportunities. If you're wondering how much does a child life specialist make, their earnings depend on experience and location, but the field remains a viable option for those passionate about child development and emotional well-being.

What are the job prospects for counselors?

The job outlook for counselors is promising, with demand expected to grow across various specialties. According to BLS, employment for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors is projected to increase 19% from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average for all occupations. The rising need for mental health services, addiction treatment, and family therapy is driving this growth, making counseling a stable and rewarding career choice.

School and career counselors are also in high demand, with employment expected to grow 4% over the next decade. As students navigate academic challenges and career paths, the role of school counselors in providing guidance and emotional support remains essential. Those considering career shifts within healthcare and education may also explore how to become a medical assistant, a field that similarly involves supporting individuals in healthcare and wellness settings.

What are the most effective counseling techniques?

Counselors use a variety of evidence-based techniques to help clients manage their emotions, change behaviors, and improve overall well-being. Some of the most effective counseling techniques include:

CBT

CBT is one of the most widely used techniques in counseling. It focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns that contribute to mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and phobias. By replacing harmful thoughts with positive and realistic ones, clients can develop healthier coping mechanisms and behaviors.

Person-Centered Therapy

Developed by Carl Rogers, person-centered therapy emphasizes empathy, active listening, and unconditional positive regard. The counselor creates a supportive environment where clients feel safe to explore their thoughts and emotions without judgment, leading to self-discovery and personal growth.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

SFBT is a short-term approach that concentrates on finding solutions rather than analyzing problems. Counselors help clients set realistic goals and identify strengths they can use to overcome challenges. This technique is particularly useful in crisis counseling and workplace coaching.

Motivational Interviewing (MI)

MI is commonly used in addiction and health-related counseling. It helps clients resolve ambivalence about change by exploring their motivations and reinforcing their commitment to positive behavioral adjustments. This method is effective in substance abuse treatment, weight management, and chronic disease counseling.

Mindfulness-Based Therapy

Mindfulness practices, including meditation and breathing exercises, are integrated into therapy to help clients manage stress, anxiety, and depression. By focusing on the present moment and developing self-awareness, clients can cultivate resilience and emotional balance.

What ethical guidelines do counselors have to follow?

Counselors adhere to strict ethical guidelines to ensure the well-being and confidentiality of their clients. These guidelines include:

• Confidentiality – Counselors must protect client information and only disclose details with explicit consent or when legally required (e.g., cases of harm or abuse).
• Informed Consent – Clients must be fully informed about the counseling process, including potential risks, benefits, and limitations, before beginning therapy.
• Non-Discrimination – Counselors must provide equal care to clients regardless of race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or disability.
• Professional Boundaries – Maintaining clear professional relationships is essential. Dual relationships (e.g., counseling a close friend or family member) should be avoided to prevent conflicts of interest.
• Competence – Counselors must only practice within their areas of expertise and pursue ongoing education to stay updated on best practices.
• Mandated Reporting – If a client poses a danger to themselves or others, counselors have a legal and ethical duty to report the situation to the appropriate authorities.

How can counselors transition to specialize in marriage and family therapy?

Counselors interested in broadening their expertise and targeting family dynamics can pursue additional certification or graduate programs specifically designed for marriage and family therapy. This specialization focuses on relational dynamics, conflict resolution within couples, and family systems theory. Enrolling in a comprehensive program, such as the marriage and family therapist degree online, can provide the necessary academic background and clinical experience required to navigate complex family issues. Candidates should also be aware of regional licensing criteria, which often mandate supervised practice in family-centric environments before transitioning fully into this specialty.

What is the difference between a counselor and a therapist?

Although counselors and therapists share similarities, there are key distinctions between their roles, training, and scope of practice.

Scope of Practice

Counselors typically provide short-term, solution-focused guidance to help individuals cope with specific issues, such as career changes, stress management, or addiction recovery. They work in schools, community organizations, and rehabilitation centers. 

Therapists, on the other hand, offer long-term treatment for mental health conditions, often using specialized techniques such as psychotherapy or psychoanalysis. Their work involves deep exploration of emotional and psychological issues, sometimes over the course of months or years.

Many professionals in creative fields also explore roles in therapeutic services, with some specializing in art therapy. Understanding art therapist salary expectations can be important for those considering this unique counseling specialization.

Education and Training

Counselors usually hold a bachelor's or master's degree in counseling, psychology, or social work. Licensing requirements vary by state, but many positions require a master’s degree. Therapists, particularly licensed clinical social workers (LCSWs) and marriage and family therapists (MFTs), must complete graduate-level education, supervised clinical hours, and state licensure exams.

Types of Clients Served

Counselors often assist individuals with everyday life challenges, including grief, stress, or career transitions. Therapists, however, work with clients who have diagnosed mental health disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), requiring in-depth psychological intervention.

Is pursuing an online doctorate in psychology beneficial for career advancement?

Counselors looking to expand beyond direct clinical practice can leverage advanced research and leadership roles by pursuing further specialization. An advanced degree enriches clinical insight, promotes innovative treatment methodologies, and supports transition into academic or policy-making positions. For professionals aiming to integrate rigorous research with clinical practice, an online doctorate in psychology offers a pathway to deepen expertise, enhance credibility, and broaden career prospects without interrupting current professional responsibilities.

How do the education requirements differ between psychologists and counselors?

While both professions involve mental health support, the educational paths for psychologists and counselors differ significantly.

Counselors

To become a counselor, most individuals start with a bachelor’s degree in psychology, social work, or a related field, followed by a master’s degree in counseling or a specialized area (e.g. substance abuse counseling). State licensure requires completing supervised clinical experience and passing certification exams.

Psychologists

Psychologists undergo more extensive education and training. They must earn a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) in psychology, which can take four to seven years beyond a bachelor's degree. Clinical psychologists complete internships and postdoctoral supervised hours before obtaining licensure. 

Unlike most counselors, psychologists can conduct psychological testing and research and often work in academic or medical settings. Those specializing in sports psychology, for example, undergo advanced training in performance psychology, which influences sports psychologists salary trends in various industries, including athletics and corporate performance coaching.

How can affordable education enhance your counseling career?

Affordable education is a strategic advantage that can accelerate entry into the counseling profession while mitigating long-term financial burdens. Institutions offering cost-effective programs ensure rigorous, competency-based training accessible to a diverse range of students. For example, candidates might explore opportunities such as a cheap online master's in counseling, which combines flexible delivery with industry-recognized curricula. This route not only facilitates early career entry but also supports further specialization by reducing the pressures associated with high tuition fees, ultimately fostering sustainable professional growth.

How can counselors manage work-life balance and prevent burnout?

Counselors face significant emotional demands that increase their risk of burnout. Establishing clear professional boundaries, engaging in regular supervision, and participating in reflective practice sessions are essential strategies for mitigating stress. Incorporating structured self-care routines and leveraging peer support networks further enhances resilience and work-life balance. Additionally, continuous professional development, such as enrolling in CACREP accredited online counseling programs, can offer both flexible learning and updated strategies to manage workplace challenges.

What challenges do counseling professionals face in today’s evolving landscape?

Counseling professionals increasingly contend with complex challenges such as managing high caseloads, adapting to rapid technological changes, and navigating evolving regulatory standards. Effective mitigation strategies include establishing robust self-care practices, engaging in targeted professional development, and leveraging mentorship programs to build resilience. Moreover, exploring cost-effective academic avenues—such as obtaining a cheapest online psychology degree—can help balance financial considerations while advancing clinical expertise.

What do counselors say about their careers?

Being a counselor allows me to make a real difference in people’s lives every day. Whether I’m helping someone navigate anxiety or guiding a student toward their future career, the work is both challenging and deeply rewarding. Seeing my clients grow and heal reminds me why I chose this path. Megan

Counseling is more than a profession—it’s a calling. I work with individuals overcoming addiction, and while the journey is tough, witnessing their progress is incredibly fulfilling. The demand for mental health support is growing, and I’m proud to be part of a field that changes lives. Janus

As a school counselor, I get to support students through some of the most critical moments of their lives. From academic stress to personal struggles, I help them build confidence and resilience. Knowing I’ve made a positive impact on their future makes every challenge worthwhile. Grace

What is the fastest way to become a licensed counselor or therapist?

Accelerating your path to licensure involves strategically selecting accredited, competency-based programs and integrated clinical placements that satisfy state-specific supervision requirements. Streamlined online master’s programs, industry partnerships, and intensive internship opportunities can reduce the overall timeline. Staying informed about evolving licensure criteria and proactively scheduling certification exams can also contribute to faster progression toward independent practice. For additional guidance, review our article on the fastest way to become a therapist.

What are the pathways for career advancement in counseling?

Licensed counselors can expand their careers by pursuing specialized certifications and progressive leadership roles. Advancing into supervisory, clinical director, or program management positions not only broadens professional responsibilities but also strengthens contributions to mental health policies and best practices. Engaging in advanced training—ranging from trauma-informed care to addiction treatment—positions professionals to transition into academic, research, or consultancy roles. Exploring various types of counselors can also provide insights into niche specialties and emerging opportunities.

How do specialized certifications influence career success in counseling?

Pursuing specialized certifications can provide counselors with a significant competitive advantage by validating their expertise and enabling focused skill development. Certifications tailored to specific areas, such as addiction treatment, enhance professional credibility and open doors to specialized roles. For instance, obtaining a substance abuse counselor certification can bolster career advancement by aligning practitioners with industry standards and emerging treatment methodologies. Additionally, specialized credentials facilitate ongoing professional development, expand networking opportunities, and increase client trust in a competitive market.

What is the role of affordable specialized training in enhancing counseling careers?

Affordable specialized training equips counselors with advanced, niche expertise that can significantly boost their professional value and versatility. By integrating targeted certifications into their practice, professionals can address emerging client needs and adopt innovative, evidence-based interventions. For instance, pursuing programs like affordable BCBA programs online can expand a counselor’s competencies in behavioral analysis, opening pathways to specialized roles within clinical and educational settings.

Key Findings

• There are an estimated 347,278 counselors currently employed in the US.
• 32,941 counselors in the US are licensed professional counselors.
• 59% of counselors hold a bachelor's degree, while 18% have a master's degree, which is required for most licensed counseling positions.
• Employment for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors is expected to grow 19% from 2023 to 2033, significantly faster than the average for all occupations.
• The median annual wage for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors was $53,710 in 2023, while school and career counselors had a higher median salary of $61,710.

Other Things You Should Know About What a Counselor Does

How does online counseling work?

Online counseling allows individuals to connect with licensed counselors through video calls, phone sessions, live chats, or email. Many platforms provide secure, confidential environments where clients can discuss their concerns from the comfort of their homes. The process typically begins with an initial assessment, where the counselor gathers information about the client’s needs and goals. From there, regular sessions are scheduled, and therapists may provide worksheets, self-help resources, or messaging support between sessions. Online counseling is especially beneficial for those with busy schedules, mobility limitations, or limited access to in-person therapy.

Is online therapy as effective as in-person counseling?

Studies suggest that online therapy can be just as effective as in-person counseling for many mental health concerns, particularly for anxiety, depression, and stress management. The key factors in its effectiveness include the quality of the therapist, the client’s level of engagement, and the severity of the issue being addressed. While some people prefer face-to-face interaction, others find the convenience and accessibility of online therapy more comfortable. However, online therapy may not be suitable for severe mental health conditions or crisis situations that require immediate, in-person intervention. Ultimately, the best option depends on individual needs, preferences, and the nature of the counseling services required.

How do I know if a counseling career is right for me?

A career in counseling is a great fit for those who are compassionate, patient, and skilled at active listening. If you have a strong interest in helping others navigate emotional challenges and improve their well-being, this profession could be fulfilling. It’s important to consider the educational and licensing requirements, as becoming a licensed counselor often requires a master’s degree and supervised clinical experience. Counselors also need emotional resilience, as the work can be emotionally demanding and requires managing difficult conversations. Shadowing a professional, volunteering, or taking introductory psychology courses can help determine if this career aligns with your strengths and goals.

Do counselors provide the same services as psychiatrists?

Counselors and psychiatrists both support mental health, but their roles and approaches differ significantly. Counselors primarily provide talk therapy, helping clients work through emotional, behavioral, and life challenges using therapeutic techniques. Psychiatrists, on the other hand, are medical doctors who can diagnose mental illnesses and prescribe medication as part of treatment. While counselors focus on therapy and coping strategies, psychiatrists may collaborate with them when a client requires medication management alongside counseling. In many cases, individuals benefit from a combination of both services, depending on their specific mental health needs.

References:

• BLS. (2024, April 3). Counselors, all other. BLS.
• BLS. (2024, August 29). Marriage and family therapists. BLS.
• BLS. (2024, August 29). School and career counselors and advisors. BLS.
• BLS. (2024, August 29). Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors. BLS.
• National Institute of Mental Health. (2024, September). Mental illness. NIMH.
• Zippia. (2025, January 8). Counselor Demographics and Statistics [2025]: Number of counselors in the US. Zippia.
• Zippia. (2025, January 8). Licensed Professional Counselor Demographics and Statistics [2025]: Number of Licensed professional counselors in the US. Zippia.