Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in California in 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Becoming a substitute teacher in California is a rewarding option for those seeking flexible work in education. Substitutes help maintain classroom continuity and gain valuable experience supporting student learning across diverse schools.

California’s large public school system creates steady demand for qualified substitutes, offering opportunities to explore different grade levels and subjects while building professional skills. This article explains the essential licensing requirements and provides practical guidance for navigating the state’s certification process.

Key Points About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in California

• California requires substitute teachers to hold a valid 30-day Substitute Teaching Permit or a 1-year or 5-year Preliminary or Clear Teaching Credential.
• The job outlook for substitute teachers in California is strong due to ongoing teacher shortages and increased demand in diverse school districts statewide.
• The average salary for substitute teachers in California ranges from $120 to $200 per day, reflecting competitive compensation and opportunities for career advancement.

Table of Contents

1. What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in California?
2. What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in California?
3. How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in California?
4. How do substitute teachers receive assignments in California districts?
5. Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in California?
6. How much do substitute teachers make in California?
7. What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in California?
8. What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in California?
9. What legal protections and support mechanisms exist for substitute teachers in California?
10. What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in California?
11. What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in California?
12. How can substitute teachers advance their credentials in California?
13. Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in California

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in California?

California requires substitute teachers to meet specific educational and credentialing standards to ensure high-quality instruction and student safety. The state issues substitute permits through the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC), and applicants must follow detailed procedures to qualify. 

Below are the typical requirements to become a substitute teacher in California:

• Education and Credentials: A bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited institution is required. International degrees must be evaluated for U.S. equivalency. Many aspiring educators choose to get a teaching degree online to meet this requirement with added flexibility.
• Background Checks: Applicants must undergo Live Scan fingerprinting, which includes both state and federal background checks for safety and compliance.
• Certification Exams: Most candidates must pass the California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST) or an approved alternative to demonstrate reading, writing, and math proficiency.
• Permit Application: Individuals must apply through the CTC, submitting documentation such as transcripts, exam results, and background clearance to obtain a substitute teaching permit.
• Health Clearance: A negative tuberculosis (TB) test result is generally required to work in California classrooms and meet public health standards.

What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in California?

California offers several types of substitute teaching permits to accommodate individuals with varying types of degrees in education and certification. These permits help schools maintain staffing flexibility while ensuring substitutes meet specific state standards.

Below are the main substitute teaching permits available in California:

• Short-Term Sub Permit: This permit allows individuals with at least 60 semester units of college coursework to substitute in the same classroom for up to 20 consecutive days. It is ideal for those without full teacher training who are seeking short-term roles.
• Emergency 30-Day Substitute Teaching Permit: Designed for candidates who meet basic education requirements but have not yet completed a teacher preparation program. It allows up to 30 days in a single assignment and is renewable annually.
• Provisional Internship Permit (PIP): Issued to individuals enrolled in a teacher preparation program, the PIP allows them to substitute beyond short-term limits while they complete credentialing requirements under appropriate supervision.
• Regular Substitute Permit: Available to individuals with a valid preliminary or clear teaching credential. This permit permits unrestricted substitute teaching across various assignments and durations.

To better understand who fills these roles, the chart below highlights the average age of substitute teachers in California.

How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in California?

Substitute teachers in California must renew their permits on time to remain eligible to work in public schools. Below are the essential steps for a smooth renewal process.

• Check Renewal Eligibility: Permits such as the Emergency 30-Day Substitute Teaching Permit must be renewed online via the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC). Begin the process up to three months before expiration.
• Prepare Required Documents and Fees: A $102.50 fee applies per document. No transcripts or professional development proof are required for standard renewals.
• Complete the Online Renewal Application: Use the CTC Educator Login portal to submit your application. Most online renewals are processed within 10 business days.
• Address Application Issues Promptly: If online renewal is unavailable due to credential type or system error, a paper application and payment must be submitted through your employing district or a credentialing agency.
• Monitor Credential Status and Confirmation: After submission, regularly check the CTC system for updates. Never work without a valid permit, as doing so may result in delayed pay or disciplinary consequences.
• Renew Early to Avoid Disruption: Early renewal ensures continued eligibility and avoids employment interruptions.

To renew a teaching permit in California, substitutes must maintain a valid bachelor's degree or equivalent qualification. Choosing the cheapest online education degree can be a cost-effective way to meet this requirement while keeping certification current.

How do substitute teachers receive assignments in California districts?

In California, substitute teachers receive classroom assignments through a system that integrates digital tools with district-specific protocols. While statewide regulations provide consistency, local practices introduce flexibility in how substitutes are matched with school needs.

Below are the key components of this process:

• Online Application Platforms: Prospective substitutes apply through online portals such as Edjoin.org, submitting credentials, transcripts, and required documentation to join district pools.
• Automated Substitute Management Systems: Approved substitutes are added to systems like Frontline’s Absence Management (AESOP) or SmartFindExpress. These platforms send job alerts via phone, email, or mobile app.
• Preferred Substitute Lists: Districts often maintain priority lists for substitutes with strong performance records or specific skills, allowing for direct assignment requests from staff.
• Assignment Limits and Credential Restrictions: California limits substitutes to 30 days per assignment in general education and 20 days in special education. Additional restrictions may apply based on credential type.
• Regional and District Policy Variations: Urban districts frequently use automated, high-volume systems, while smaller districts may prefer personal outreach or manual scheduling.
• Priority and Rotation Systems: Some districts use rotation models to assign jobs equitably, factoring in availability, previous work history, or substitute ranking.
• Direct School Requests: Teachers or administrators may directly contact substitutes for specific roles, especially in long-term or specialized classroom placements.

Understanding this process also sheds light on how substitutes prefer to receive work-related notifications, as shown in the image below.

Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in California?

In California, substitute teaching can serve as a practical stepping stone to full-time employment. Below are important factors that support this transition.

• Gaining Diverse Experience: Substitutes gain exposure to various school environments and grade levels, demonstrating flexibility and adaptability.
• Acquiring Specialized Credentials: Pursuing subject-area certifications or additional training strengthens qualifications for targeted teaching roles.
• Obtaining District Recommendations: Positive endorsements from districts validate teaching effectiveness and improve hiring prospects.
• Strategic Job Applications: Highlighting substitute experience in tailored resumes and interviews can significantly boost chances of securing a full-time role.

To move into a permanent position, substitutes often pursue California’s Single Subject or Multiple Subject Teaching Credential. Many start by enrolling in easy teaching degree programs that provide a manageable path toward meeting full-time credentialing requirements.

How much do substitute teachers make in California?

Substitute teachers in California earn competitive wages, though actual pay varies across the state. The average salary is approximately $41,691 per year, or about $20.04 per hour. Some sources report hourly rates as high as $26.92, while the median annual salary reaches $57,260.

Below are the main factors that influence substitute teacher pay in California:

• Credential Type: Substitutes with teaching credentials or specialized certifications often earn more, especially in long-term or high-demand subject areas. Earning a masters in education online can enhance qualifications and increase opportunities for higher-paying assignments.
• Assignment Length: Long-term assignments typically offer higher daily pay and may include additional benefits compared to short-term, day-to-day roles.
• District Policies: Each school district sets its own pay scale. Urban districts such as Los Angeles and San Francisco tend to pay more than smaller or rural districts.
• Location Differences: Wages are often higher in regions with a greater cost of living or stronger demand for substitute teachers.
• Daily and Long-Term Rates: Daily pay commonly ranges from $150 to $250. Long-term roles or those requiring specific credentials often come with increased rates.

What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in California?

The job outlook for substitute teachers in California is exceptionally strong due to ongoing teacher shortages and rising absenteeism. Below are the major factors influencing demand across the state:

• Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD): LAUSD continues to experience high absenteeism and serves a large student population. This creates a steady need for substitute teachers throughout the academic year.
• Central Valley and Rural Areas: Limited local talent pools and lower pay rates make it difficult to attract and retain substitutes. These districts rely heavily on temporary staffing to maintain classroom coverage.
• Bay Area and High-Cost Regions: Elevated living expenses in cities like San Francisco and Oakland discourage substitutes, worsening shortages despite strong demand.
• High-Need Urban Schools: Schools serving low-income, foster care, and English learner populations use nearly three times as many substitutes and emergency-permitted teachers as higher-income schools.
• Statewide Trends: Over 50% of California schools struggle to find enough substitutes. Nearly 90% report challenges in filling permanent teaching positions, highlighting a broader statewide shortage.
• Specialized Subject Areas: Subjects such as special education, math, science, and bilingual instruction face persistent vacancies. Substitutes with related credentials are in especially high demand.

What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in California?

Substitute teachers in California must follow strict ethical and professional standards that protect student welfare and support positive school environments. These expectations are guided by state law, district policy, and the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing.

Below are the key ethical standards they are expected to uphold:

• Student Confidentiality: Substitutes must keep all student records and personal details private, in accordance with state privacy laws.
• Safe and Inclusive Environment: Classrooms should be free from discrimination and harm. Substitutes must promote respect for all students, regardless of background.
• Compliance with Policies: Adherence to district rules and legal mandates—such as reporting abuse or safety threats—is essential.
• Professional Integrity: Substitutes must represent their qualifications honestly and avoid participating in unqualified teaching practices.
• Truthfulness and Transparency: Ethical conduct includes honest communication about credentials, students, and fellow staff.
• Avoiding Conflicts of Interest: Substitutes must not accept gifts or favors that could influence their professional judgment.
• Respecting Student Rights: Encouraging open expression and diverse viewpoints is critical for student development.
• Reporting Responsibilities: Substitutes must report any threats, misconduct, or safety concerns in a timely and accurate manner.
• Professional Collaboration: Sharing information about staff or students must be limited to valid professional or legal reasons.
• Health and Employment Compliance: Substitutes are required to meet state health and credentialing standards, such as TB clearance and permit eligibility.

What legal protections and support mechanisms exist for substitute teachers in California?

Substitute teachers in California benefit from a defined legal framework that addresses workplace safety, due process, and dispute resolution. They are advised to review district-specific contracts, understand collective bargaining agreements where applicable, and remain informed about changes in state education policies. This legal awareness helps in safeguarding professional rights and ensures that substitutes have access to support when managing contractual or ethical concerns. For a detailed overview of the process and further insights, refer to how to become a substitute teacher in California.

What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in California?

Substitute teachers in California have access to a variety of benefits that support both short-term flexibility and long-term professional goals. Below are the key advantages that make this role attractive across the state:

• Flexible Schedule: Substitutes can choose when and where to work, making it ideal for those seeking part-time or temporary employment.
• Daily and Long-Term Assignment Bonuses: Pay rates typically range from $150 to $250 per day, with additional compensation for extended assignments or specialized roles.
• Access to Professional Development: Substitutes are often invited to participate in workshops and training sessions offered to full-time staff, supporting continued growth.
• Health Insurance and Retirement Plans: Some districts offer health coverage and retirement contributions to long-term substitutes who meet specific eligibility requirements.
• Competitive Regional Salaries: Districts in high-cost areas, such as the San Francisco Bay Area, often provide higher pay to attract and retain qualified substitutes.
• Pathways to Career Advancement: Earning advanced credentials may open doors to permanent positions, with substitute teaching serving as a valuable entry point into education.
• Supportive Hiring Environment: High statewide demand creates more frequent job opportunities and faster hiring timelines for qualified candidates.

What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in California?

Substitute teachers in California encounter several recurring challenges that affect their ability to work consistently and effectively. Below are the most common difficulties reported statewide:

• Unpredictable Scheduling: Assignments often come at the last minute, making it hard for substitutes to plan financially or maintain consistent employment.
• Insufficient Training: Many districts provide limited orientation or professional development, leaving substitutes underprepared to manage classrooms or follow curriculum guidelines.
• Limited Administrative Support: Substitutes frequently report feeling isolated or undervalued, with little guidance or inclusion from school leadership and permanent staff.
• Classroom Management Challenges: Without established relationships or familiarity with students, maintaining discipline and engagement becomes a persistent issue.
• Restricted Benefits Access: Most substitute roles do not offer health insurance, retirement options, or paid time off, reducing job security and long-term appeal.
• Complex Payroll Processes: Payment systems are often delayed or require careful tracking, forcing substitutes to manage detailed records to ensure proper compensation.
• Ongoing Teacher Shortage: Districts facing staff shortages rely more heavily on substitutes, increasing pressure and leading to inconsistent instructional quality.
• Inconsistent District Policies: Varying requirements and pay rates across districts confuse substitutes who work in multiple locations, limiting flexibility and job satisfaction.

These challenges also highlight why many substitutes emphasize certain key skills on their resumes to stand out, as shown in the chart below.

How can substitute teachers advance their credentials in California?

Substitute teachers seeking career growth can leverage targeted professional development and additional certification paths to enhance classroom readiness and long‐term employability. By pursuing specialized endorsements and engaging in district-provided training sessions, educators can bolster their instructional skills and increase opportunities for advancement. Detailed comparisons of advanced programs, including types of teaching certifications and requirements in California, offer insight into pathways that cater to both subject-specific and multi-subject credentials without duplicating core requirements. Emphasizing continuous learning and networking within professional organizations can further solidify their standing as trusted educators in evolving school environments.

What Substitute Teachers in California Say About Their Careers

Working as a substitute teacher in California has given me incredible flexibility to balance my family life while earning a competitive salary. The average pay is quite rewarding, and I love being able to choose assignments that fit my schedule. It’s a perfect way to stay connected to education without sacrificing my personal time. – Belle

Starting as a substitute opened doors I didn’t expect, including opportunities for advancement into full-time teaching roles and leadership positions within schools. California’s districts really support subs who are eager to grow, providing clear pathways and encouragement along the way. This career has been a transformative journey for me professionally. – Bryan

California offers excellent professional development programs specifically for substitute teachers, which have helped me sharpen my classroom management and instructional skills. The ongoing training not only boosts my confidence but also enhances my effectiveness in diverse classrooms. I feel respected and valued as an educator thanks to these opportunities. – Kimberly

Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in California

Is substitute teaching in California a good career option?

Yes, substitute teaching in California is a strong career option for those seeking flexibility and experience in education. It appeals to career changers, graduates, and retirees, offering adaptable schedules and exposure to various school settings. Daily pay is competitive, especially in high-need districts. Subbing also serves as a pathway toward full teaching credentials. With steady demand and diverse student populations, the role supports professional growth and meaningful engagement in California’s dynamic educational landscape.

Can substitute teachers work in special education classrooms in California?

Yes, substitute teachers in California can work in special education classrooms if they meet specific credentialing requirements. The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing requires substitutes in these roles to hold an appropriate permit or credential, often with a special education authorization. Districts may also require knowledge of IEPs and behavioral strategies. While permitted, assignments typically go to experienced or specially trained substitutes to ensure students with disabilities receive appropriate, high-quality support in compliance with state regulations.

Can you substitute teach at multiple school types in California with one permit?

No, one substitute teaching permit in California generally does not allow teaching across all school types. Public, private, and charter schools operate under different regulations and may require separate permits or approvals. A permit issued for public school service may not apply in private institutions, which follow their own hiring standards. To substitute at multiple school types, educators must meet each system’s requirements. This ensures legal compliance and supports consistent educational quality across settings.

How do substitute teachers in California handle student behavior issues?

Substitute teachers in California manage behavior by following classroom rules and school-wide conduct policies. They use strategies like positive reinforcement and verbal redirection to address disruptions. Serious issues should be referred to administrators or permanent staff, as substitutes usually cannot assign formal discipline such as suspensions or detentions. The California Department of Education emphasizes preparation and collaboration. Substitutes who communicate clearly and maintain consistent routines help ensure a respectful, well-managed learning environment during teacher absences.

References:

• All Education Schools. (n.d.). Guide to becoming a California substitute teacher. Retrieved from All Education Schools
• Alliant International University. (n.d.). A guide on how to become a substitute teacher in California. Retrieved from Alliant
• California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (n.d.). Substitute permits requirements. Retrieved from CTC
• EDJOIN. (n.d.). Substitute teacher (Daily rate $300/day; $325/day after 30 days) (Pool) at Education for Change Public Schools - EFC. Retrieved from EDJOIN
• EdSource. (2023). What you need to become a substitute teacher in California | Quick guide. Retrieved from EdSource
• ERES Blogs. (n.d.). Complete guide on becoming a substitute teacher in California. Retrieved from ERES
• San Francisco Unified School District. (n.d.). FAQs - Substitute teachers. Retrieved from SFUSD
• Scoot Education. (n.d.). How to become a substitute teacher in California. Retrieved from Scoot Education
• Swing Education. (n.d.). How much do substitute teachers make? Retrieved from Swing Education
• CSBA Publications. (2022). Strengthening substitute teaching in California. Retrieved from CSBA