How to Become a Substitute Teacher in California for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

California faces a significant shortage of substitute teachers, with over 30% of schools reporting unfilled substitute positions in recent years. This gap threatens classroom continuity and student learning outcomes. So it can be said that pursuing a career as a substitute teacher in California offers stable employment opportunities in a high-demand environment, supported by competitive daily rates and flexible schedules.

This article, prepared by career planning experts, outlines the necessary qualifications, certification processes, and practical steps for you to successfully enter this rewarding profession in California.

Key Things to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in California

Obtaining at least a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution is a mandatory requirement for substitute teaching in California.
Apply for a 30-Day Substitute Teaching Permit through the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC).
Complete a background check, including fingerprinting, to ensure student safety compliance.
Register with local school districts, as each manages its own substitute teacher hiring and assignment.
Understand that substitute teachers in California earn an average daily rate between $150 and $200, varying by district and experience.

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in California?
What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in California?
How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in California?
How much do substitute teachers in California make?
How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in California?
What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in California?
What are the California substitute teacher licensing requirements?
How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in California?
What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in California?
What legal rights do substitute teachers have in California?
What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in California?
Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in California

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in California?

Becoming a substitute teacher in California requires meeting specific state-mandated qualifications that verify both educational attainment and legal eligibility. These basic requirements ensure candidates are prepared to fulfill classroom responsibilities.

Minimum Educational Requirement: A bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution is mandatory, with no strict requirement that the degree be in education. Degrees in related fields such as psychology, sociology, English, or mathematics are accepted; those with international degrees must undergo credential evaluation.
Permits: The Emergency 30-Day Substitute Teaching Permit is the most common, allowing substitutes to work up to 30 days per teacher assignment. Other permits exist for longer or specialized assignments.
Basic Skills Requirement: Candidates must demonstrate proficiency in reading, writing, and mathematics, typically by passing the California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST) with a minimum score of 123. Alternative standardized test scores may also satisfy this requirement.
Age Requirement: Applicants must be at least 18 years old to qualify for substitute teaching positions.
Background Check: A mandatory state and federal background check, usually completed through Live Scan fingerprinting, is required for all candidates.

While a bachelor's degree is required, exploring the best online associate degree in education can be a valuable step toward obtaining your teaching credentials.

What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in California?

First-time substitute teachers in California must comply with specific training and clearance requirements focused on health, safety, and district policies. These steps ensure legal and procedural adherence before beginning classroom duties.

Mandatory Health and Safety Clearances: A negative tuberculosis (TB) test result is required, typically within 60 days of the application, to protect students and staff.
Live Scan Fingerprinting and Background Check: Candidates must complete fingerprinting for state and federal background checks through the Live Scan system to ensure school safety.
District-Level Orientation or Training: Although not state-mandated, many districts provide or require orientation sessions covering policies, classroom management, and emergency procedures.
Access to Ongoing Staff Development: Substitute teachers must have access to the same professional development opportunities as regular staff, supporting continued growth and compliance.
Special Assignments and Long-Term Roles: Additional training may be required for long-term or specialized assignments, depending on district policies.

These requirements are part of the broader California basic skills requirement for substitute teachers, emphasizing safety and preparedness over standardized pre-service programs. For those interested in advancing their educational credentials alongside these mandates, exploring options like an online doctorate higher education can provide further professional development opportunities.

To understand the growing demand for qualified substitutes, especially in public schools, the following image highlights how challenging it has become for full-time teachers to find reliable substitute coverage.

How hard is it to find substitute teachers?

How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in California?

Applying to become a substitute teacher in California involves a clearly defined administrative procedure aimed at ensuring candidates comply with state safety and legal standards. You need careful preparation and attention to detail to successfully complete each step.

Gather Required Documents: Collect official transcripts, proof of basic skills, Live Scan fingerprinting receipt, and a recent negative tuberculosis test result.
Complete Fingerprinting and Background Check: Undergo Live Scan fingerprinting to initiate a criminal background check conducted by the DOJ and FBI.
Health Clearance: Submit evidence of a recent negative TB test, typically required within 60 days of application.
Create or Log in to Your CTC Account: Use the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing’s online portal to manage your application and document uploads.
Submit the Application and Pay the Fee: Complete the online substitute teaching permit application, upload all required documents, and pay the $102.65 fee.
Application Review and Processing: Monitor your CTC account for updates as the commission reviews your submission and may request further information.
Receiving Your Permit: Upon approval, the permit is issued electronically, allowing you to seek substitute teaching positions within school districts.

A substitute teacher from California who graduated from a local university reflected on the process candidly. “The paperwork felt overwhelming at first, especially coordinating the fingerprinting and TB test timing,” she said. She emphasized the importance of patience during the waiting period and regularly checking the CTC portal for updates. “Having all my documents well-organized helped me avoid delays,” she recalled.

She also mentioned how the electronic permit delivery was convenient but advised future applicants to prepare for district-level requirements after receiving their permit. Her experience highlights that while the application process is procedural, persistence and organization are key to navigating it successfully.

How much do substitute teachers in California make?

Substitute teachers in California typically earn a daily rate ranging from $150 to $250, with hourly wages between $23 and $30 depending on the district and location. The average substitute teacher salary in California is notably higher than the national average, reflecting the state's elevated cost of living and strong demand for educational staff. The median annual salary sits at $57,260, placing California among the top-paying states for substitute teachers.

The salary distribution reveals a wide range, from $37,900 at the 10th percentile to $76,860 at the 90th percentile. This gap suggests that while entry-level substitutes may earn modest compensation, experienced or certified substitutes working in urban or high-need districts can approach full-time teacher salary levels.

For those considering how much do substitute teachers make in California, certification and willingness to accept long-term assignments often translate into higher earnings.

Compared to the national landscape, California’s median salary is approximately 30–45% above the U.S. average, which generally falls between $35,000 and $40,000. This premium is especially evident in metropolitan areas like Los Angeles and San Francisco, where competition and staffing demands drive pay upward.

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How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in California?

Renewing or maintaining a substitute teaching certificate in California involves specific timelines and an online process managed by the Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC). Attention to permit type and deadlines ensures uninterrupted eligibility to work.

Know Your Permit Type and Timeline: The Emergency 30-Day Substitute Teaching Permit is valid for one year and requires annual renewal; Clear Credentials last five years and can be renewed online, while Preliminary Credentials must be upgraded before expiration.
Initiate Renewal Early: Begin the renewal process at least 10 days before expiration for the 30-Day Emergency Permit, and up to one year before expiration for Clear Credentials to avoid gaps in authorization.
Online-Only Renewal: All renewals must be completed through the CTC’s online portal by creating or accessing your educator profile and following the renewal prompts.
Update Personal Information: Ensure your contact details, especially your email address, are current in your CTC profile to receive renewal reminders and important notifications.
No Additional Coursework Required: Renewal does not involve further educational requirements, distinguishing California’s process from other states.
Processing Time and Fees: Renewals are typically processed within 10 working days, with an application fee of approximately $100 as of 2025, subject to updates on the CTC website.
Employer Notification: Retain confirmation of your renewed permit, as some school districts require proof before allowing substitute teaching assignments.

What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in California?

Substitute teachers in California play a crucial role in maintaining instructional continuity and effective classroom management when regular teachers are absent. Their duties are essential to sustaining a productive learning environment and adhering to school policies.

Timely Arrival: Arrive at the school at least 15 minutes before the official start time to check in and receive necessary instructions or materials.
Adherence to Routines: Follow established school and classroom procedures to maintain the structure and expectations set by the regular teacher and administration.
Lesson Delivery: Implement lessons as outlined in the absent teacher’s plans to ensure curriculum goals are met without disruption.
Student Behavior Management: Oversee and manage student conduct during instructional and non-instructional periods in accordance with school policies.
After-School Duties: Fulfill all assigned after-school responsibilities, which may include supervision, meetings, or events, for up to an 8-hour duty day if required.
Post-Closure Presence: Remain in the assigned classroom for at least 15 minutes after school closes or until formally dismissed by administration.
Feedback Provision: Leave written reports for the regular teacher detailing lessons taught, student progress, and any significant incidents.
End-of-Day Reporting: Report to the principal or office manager to confirm whether services will be needed for following days.
Policy Compliance: Follow all district and state policies applicable to regular teachers, ensuring student safety, confidentiality, and classroom order.

What are the California substitute teacher licensing requirements?

Candidates must complete a dedicated licensing process that assesses their academic credentials, mandatory training, and background verifications without relying on the conventional substitute application steps. This process ensures that only those who meet precise state educational standards and safety protocols gain authorization to manage classrooms effectively. It involves a thorough review of documentation, adherence to specific coursework, and timely renewals in line with evolving state guidelines. For a comprehensive breakdown of each step, please refer to our guide on the California substitute teacher licensing requirements.

How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in California?

Substitute teaching in California offers remarkable schedule flexibility, allowing educators to tailor their workdays to personal needs and district demands. Assignments vary from full-day to half-day or even minimum-day schedules, accommodating those who prefer shorter shifts or combined placements across schools. This flexibility extends to the freedom to accept or decline assignments without obligation, empowering substitutes to maintain control over their workload. Such autonomy enables balancing substitute teaching with other professional or personal commitments.

Moreover, the system supports varied work frequency, from occasional engagements to near full-time roles, depending on availability and demand fluctuations. This adaptability is particularly valuable during peak absence periods when substitute needs surge. The ability to choose preferred locations and subject areas further enhances the appeal for those seeking specific teaching experiences or schedules aligned with their expertise.

A substitute teacher from California who graduated locally shared, “At first, managing the unpredictability was challenging—sometimes assignments came in last minute, and other times, days passed with no calls. But over time, I learned to navigate the system, selecting schools and days that fit my life rhythm. It’s liberating to decide my own schedule, especially while pursuing further education. This flexibility has been essential for me to maintain balance without sacrificing professional growth.”

To highlight the scale of this flexible profession, the image below shows the total number of substitute teachers working across the country.

How many substitute teachers are currently employed in the U.S.?

What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in California?

Substitute teachers in California receive a range of valuable benefits that support both their professional and personal development. These benefits vary depending on the length and classification of their assignments.

Competitive Pay Rates: Daily wages range from $150 to $270, with urban districts offering higher salaries and experienced substitutes earning up to $76,000 annually.
Flexible Work Schedules: Educators can select assignments that fit their availability, enabling balance with other commitments such as studies or additional employment.
Professional Growth Opportunities: Substitutes gain experience across diverse classrooms and may access staff development programs, particularly when serving on long-term assignments.
Pathway to Full-Time Teaching: Regular substitute service can enhance prospects for permanent positions, providing valuable references and insights into school operations.

Eligibility for traditional employment benefits like health insurance and retirement plans depends on classification and assignment length, often favoring long-term substitutes or those meeting specific service thresholds. Understanding district policies and union representation for substitute teachers in California is crucial to maximize these benefits.

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What legal rights do substitute teachers have in California?

Substitute teachers in California are protected under state law and local policies, ensuring specific rights and working conditions. These rights address assignment limits, employment terms, and access to professional resources.

Assignment Duration Limits: Substitutes with an emergency 30-day permit may serve up to 30 days per teacher per school year, while those with a career emergency permit can serve up to 60 days; special education assignments are limited to 20 cumulative days per teacher annually.
At-Will Employment Status: Substitute teachers are generally at-will employees, meaning districts are not obligated to guarantee assignments or ongoing employment but must comply with wage and workplace laws.
Minimum Wage and Safe Work Environment: Districts must pay substitutes at least the minimum wage and provide a work environment free from discrimination and safety hazards.
Professional Development Access: Substitutes must be offered opportunities for staff development comparable to those available to regular teachers to maintain permit renewal requirements.
Background and Credential Verification: Working as a substitute requires a valid Substitute Teaching Permit, which includes a bachelor’s degree and a background check to ensure qualifications and safety.
Online Teaching Requirements: Some districts require substitutes to complete online training or orientations for remote assignments, reflecting evolving instructional delivery methods, though legal rights remain consistent regardless of teaching format.

What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in California?

Substitute teaching in California offers a valuable pathway for career advancement within the education sector. Those seeking to transition from substitute roles to permanent positions can leverage their experience to access a variety of professional opportunities.

Fully Certified Teacher: Many substitutes use their classroom experience and district endorsements to qualify for full teaching credentials, moving into permanent teaching roles.
Long-Term Substitute Positions: Serving in extended assignments allows substitutes to gain in-depth experience and access to additional benefits, strengthening their candidacy for full-time employment.
District Staff Development Participation: Long-term substitutes often qualify for professional development programs, enhancing their skills and expanding networking within the district.
Educational Advancement: Pursuing advanced degrees or certifications, including what is the shortest EdD online degree, supports career growth and opens doors to leadership roles.
Permanent Educational Roles: Strong performance and networking can lead to recommendations for permanent teaching or administrative positions within school districts.

These avenues underscore the substitute to full-time teacher pathway California offers, emphasizing consistent service, credentialing, and professional development as key factors in career progression.

Here's What Substitute Teachers in California Have to Say About Their Careers

Completing the teaching credential program at San Diego State University gave me a solid foundation in educational theory and classroom management, which proved invaluable as I began my career substituting in local schools across Southern California. The flexibility of substitute teaching allowed me to gain experience in diverse classroom settings, from urban to suburban, enriching my understanding of different student needs. I particularly appreciate how the dynamic and multicultural environment here encourages me to adapt and grow daily. Being able to contribute positively while exploring various teaching styles has fueled my passion for education and community engagement. Wilson
Starting as a substitute teacher in a Bay Area public school gave me the chance to develop my professional skills while balancing personal growth. The challenge of stepping into different classrooms and meeting students from various backgrounds has been both demanding and rewarding. I value California’s emphasis on inclusive education and environmental awareness, which allows me to integrate local culture and issues into lessons, making learning more relevant. This role has been a stepping stone for my career advancement, offering opportunities for workshops and mentorship that traditional roles might not provide. Aida
After finishing my credential program at UCLA, I embraced substitute teaching as a way to immerse myself in California’s vibrant educational landscape. The experience has been deeply fulfilling, as I witness firsthand how my efforts support students’ well-being and academic progress, especially in underserved communities. California’s rich resources and commitment to innovation in education have presented unique challenges that push me to be creative and responsive. This path has helped me build meaningful connections and a strong sense of purpose in my professional journey. Holly

Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in California

Are online substitute teacher training programs in California legitimate?

When considering online substitute teacher training programs in California, legitimacy and recognition by school districts are paramount. One of the most reputable options is the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC)-approved program offered by Substitute Teaching Institute.

This program adheres to state requirements, providing comprehensive training on classroom management, state laws, and instructional strategies specific to California schools. Its online format offers flexibility while maintaining high standards, making it a preferred choice for aspiring substitutes.

Another widely recognized program is provided by EduCare, which, although national, is accepted by many California districts. EduCare's courses focus on foundational teaching skills and legal responsibilities, ensuring substitutes are well-prepared to maintain a safe and effective learning environment. Both programs are known for their accessibility, thorough content, and positive reviews from educators, confirming their legitimacy and suitability for California’s substitute teaching workforce.

Is substitute teaching in California considered full-time employment?

Substitute teaching in California is generally not considered full-time employment due to its variable and often unpredictable nature. Most substitutes work on an as-needed basis, filling in for absent teachers, which means their hours fluctuate significantly throughout the school year.

According to the California Department of Education, substitute teachers typically work fewer than 40 hours per week, and many hold multiple substitute positions across different districts to accumulate more hours. Additionally, substitute teachers are usually classified as part-time or temporary employees and often do not receive the same benefits or job security as full-time teachers.

The California Teachers Association highlights that substitutes rarely have guaranteed daily assignments, making consistent full-time work uncommon. While some long-term substitute positions may approach full-time status during extended absences, these are exceptions rather than the norm. Therefore, despite their essential role, substitute teachers in California are predominantly viewed as part-time or temporary workers rather than full-time employees.

What skills do you gain as a substitute teacher in California?

As a substitute teacher in California, you gain valuable skills in classroom management, adaptability, and communication. You learn to engage diverse groups of students and maintain a productive learning environment. This role enhances your ability to quickly understand and implement lesson plans created by regular teachers.

Substitute teaching also develops your problem-solving skills as you address unexpected challenges daily. You become proficient in managing time efficiently and prioritizing tasks under varying circumstances. Additionally, you improve your interpersonal skills by interacting with students, staff, and administrators across different schools.

Flexibility is a key skill, as substitute teachers adapt to various grade levels and subject areas. You gain insight into different teaching methods and educational settings. These experiences contribute to your professional growth and can strengthen your qualifications for future teaching positions or roles within education.

Should you substitute teach before becoming a full-time teacher in California?

Yes, substituting before becoming a full-time teacher in California is often beneficial. It provides valuable classroom experience and helps you develop essential teaching skills. Substitute teaching allows you to understand diverse student needs and classroom management techniques in real settings.

This experience can strengthen your resume and make you more competitive when applying for full-time teaching positions. It also offers networking opportunities with school staff and administrators. Through substitution, you gain insight into the school culture and curriculum, which supports a smoother transition to a permanent role.

However, substitute teaching is not mandatory to become a full-time teacher. California requires specific credentials and certifications for full-time teaching roles, which you must obtain regardless of substitute experience. Still, working as a substitute can clarify your career goals and confirm your interest in education before committing to a full-time position.

References:

All Education Schools. (n.d.). Learn How to Become a Substitute Teacher in California. alleducationschools.com.
Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (n.d.). Substitute Permits Requirements. CTC.CA.
Ed X. (n.d.). How to Become a Substitute Teacher in California Without a Degree. edx.org.
Educational Records Evaluation Service. (n.d.). Substitute Teacher Permit in California: Your Step-by-Step Guide to Success. ERES.
Ginis, A. (2024, July 19). Become a Substitute Teacher in California: The Complete Guide. Swing Education.
Lambert, D. (2023, January 17). What you need to become a substitute teacher in California | Quick Guide. EdSource.
Pruitt, K. (2024, January 25). How to Become a Substitute Teacher in California: Guide to Credentials, Benefits, and More. Alliant International University.
Swing Education. (n.d.). How to Become a Substitute Teacher in California. Swing.