How To Become an HVAC Technician: Salary & Career Paths for 2025

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Individuals seeking professions that have decent income potential and do not require a college degree may want to explore becoming a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning technician or an HVAC technician. In the United States (US), heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers had a 2023 median hourly wage of $27.55 [US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2024], which is slightly higher than the 2024 median hourly wage of all occupations in the country, which is $23.80 (US BLS, 2025). These workers have also been projected to see a positive job growth rate that is much faster than that of all US occupations.

To help interested individuals get started on their HVAC careers, I created an in-depth guide to becoming an HVAC technician. Below, I discuss the responsibilities of an HVAC technician, available specializations, necessary education and training, career opportunities, as well as income potential.

What are the benefits of becoming an HVAC Technician?

Becoming an HVAC technician can open you up to other related jobs, such as electrician, general maintenance and repair worker, boilermaker, stationary engineer and boiler operator, as well as sheet metal worker.
In 2023, heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers across the US had a median annual wage of $57,300 (US BLS, 2024).
Between 2023 and 2033, employment for heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers is expected to increase by 9%, which is much faster than the average job growth rate of all occupations in the US (US BLS, 2024).

What does an HVAC technician do?
What are the different types of HVAC specializations?
What education do you need to become an HVAC technician for 2025?
Which certifications are available to become an HVAC technician?
What skills do HVAC technicians need?
What types of jobs can HVAC technicians get?
How much do HVAC technicians make per year?
What is the job demand for HVAC technicians?
Where do HVAC technicians work?
What emerging technologies are shaping the HVAC industry?
Are Accelerated Online Training Programs a Viable Path for HVAC Technicians?
What are the biggest challenges that HVAC technicians face?
Which HVAC Certifications Boost Career Success?
How can HVAC technicians pursue career advancement?
What financing options are available for HVAC training?
Is a Higher Degree Worthwhile for HVAC Technicians?
Other Things You Should Know about How to Become an Information Systems Manager

What does an HVAC technician do?

HVAC technicians are responsible for installing, maintaining, and repairing heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. Their work ensures that indoor environments remain comfortable and energy-efficient throughout the year. For those interested in related trades, learning how to become an electrician can be a useful pathway, as both careers require strong electrical knowledge and hands-on skills.

Technicians inspect systems and diagnose mechanical and electrical problems, often using specialized tools and diagnostic equipment. They may also replace worn or defective parts, clean components, and recharge refrigerant levels. Moreover, HVAC technicians are knowledgeable about interpreting blueprints, following building codes, and ensuring that systems comply with safety regulations.

Similarly, understanding how to become a lineman provides insight into another critical trade focused on electrical infrastructure, which shares a reliance on safety protocols and technical expertise.

Customer service is also an important part of the role. Technicians must be skilled at explaining issues, recommending solutions, and providing maintenance advice to clients. Depending on their area of expertise, they may specialize in a specific type of system, such as heating units, air conditioners, or refrigeration.

What are the different types of HVAC specializations?

The HVAC industry includes several specialized roles. Each focuses on different aspects of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Just like choosing a specialized path within an auto mechanic career, HVAC professionals can focus on distinct areas that match their skills and interests.

HVAC Installation Technician: An HVAC installation technician installs new heating, cooling, and ventilation systems. They make sure that their clients have the proper setup according to design plans, codes, and safety regulations.
HVAC Maintenance and Repair Technician: An HVAC maintenance and repair technician diagnoses issues, conducts routine inspections, and repairs malfunctioning systems to keep equipment running efficiently.
Commercial HVAC Technician: A commercial HVAC technician works with large-scale systems in commercial or industrial settings. Because of the wide-ranging nature of their job, they are required to be experts at complex and high-capacity equipment.
Refrigeration Technician: A refrigeration technician specializes in refrigeration systems, such as walk-in freezers, cold storage, and display cases, to ensure consistent temperature control.
Energy Auditor: An energy auditor evaluates energy consumption in buildings and recommends efficiency upgrades to reduce costs and environmental impact.

What education do you need to become an HVAC technician for 2025?

To become an HVAC technician, most individuals complete a postsecondary training program at a technical school or a trade school. Some students even choose to attend a trade school online, which offers flexible learning options while covering the same essential material. These programs usually take 6 months to 2 years to complete. They cover key fundamental topics, including system design, electronics, safety procedures, and refrigerant handling. Moreover, some technicians begin their careers through apprenticeships, which combine paid on-the-job training with classroom instruction.

While a college degree is not required, completing an accredited HVAC program can improve job prospects and prepare students for industry certifications. Many states also require technicians to be licensed, which often involves meeting training requirements and passing an examination. Continued education is important in this field, as technicians must stay current with evolving technologies, environmental regulations, and energy efficiency standards.

Which certifications are available to become an HVAC technician?

HVAC technicians can enhance their skills, job prospects, and earning potential by earning professional certifications. These credentials demonstrate industry knowledge, technical proficiency, and a commitment to safety and environmental standards. Those exploring certification options may benefit from reviewing a list of online trade school programs, which often offer prep courses and training aligned with industry standards.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Section 608 Technician Certification: Under Section 608 of the Clean Air Act, the US EPA requires individuals aiming to become HVAC technicians to satisfy certification standards to be able to practice legally. Applicants must pass an EPA-approved examination that covers topics relating to the type of equipment they are aiming to be an expert at professionally. Notably, credentials under Section 608 Technician Certification do not expire. Applicants may also select among four certification types:
- For servicing small appliances (Type I)
- For servicing or disposing of high- or very high-pressure appliances, except small appliances and MVACs (Type II)
- For servicing or disposing of low-pressure appliances (Type III)
- For servicing all types of equipment (Universal)
The NATE Ready to Work Certificate Exam: Offered by NATE, the largest nonprofit certification group for HVACR technicians, the Ready to Work Certificate Exam is an online-only industry competency exam (ICE) that aims to measure the basic knowledge and skills of rookies in the HVACR field. Applicants to this exam may have little to no formal education and training in the field and are required to pay $50 for exam fees as of early 2025.
The NATE HVAC Support Technician Certificate Exam: The HVAC Support Technician Certificate Exam is a more extensive test provided by NATE. It aims to assess the key knowledge and skills of individuals with 6 months to 12 months of professional experience in the field. This is a proctored exam that can be taken online or in person and costs applicants $75 to take as of early 2025.

What skills do HVAC technicians need?

HVAC technicians need a blend of technical knowledge and practical skills to succeed in their roles. During my research for this guide, I found that the following are three key skills that contribute to their effectiveness. Many of these skills can be developed through training programs offered by open admission online colleges, which provide accessible entry points into the HVAC field for learners of all backgrounds:

Mechanical Aptitude: HVAC technicians must understand how heating, cooling, and ventilation systems work. This includes reading blueprints, working with hand and power tools, and installing or repairing complex mechanical components.
Problem-solving Skills: Diagnosing system issues requires critical thinking and attention to detail. An HVAC technician must quickly determine issues and decide on the best course of action to restore function and efficiency.
Customer Service: HVAC technicians often work directly with clients, explaining system issues and offering maintenance advice. Strong communication and interpersonal skills help build trust and ensure customer satisfaction.

What types of jobs can HVAC technicians get?

HVAC education and training provides a strong foundation for various skilled trades and technical roles. In my research, I found that the following are several jobs that HVAC technicians may pursue. For those looking to move into supervisory or project-based roles, pursuing a construction management degree online can further expand career opportunities in the building and mechanical systems industries.

Electrician: With overlapping knowledge in wiring and electrical systems, HVAC technicians can transition into electrical work, installing and repairing systems in homes and commercial buildings.
General Maintenance and Repair Worker: These professionals handle a range of tasks, including HVAC system upkeep, plumbing, electrical repairs, and building maintenance. HVAC technicians will be able to use their broad technical skills.
Boilermaker: Boilermakers assemble and repair boilers, tanks, and closed vats. HVAC knowledge of heating systems and pressure regulation is valuable in this specialized field.
Stationary Engineer and Boiler Operator: These workers operate and maintain large heating and cooling systems in industrial or commercial buildings. Thus, they are required to have in-depth mechanical and safety knowledge.

The chart below provides a visualization of the employment levels of jobs related to HVAC technician in the US in 2023, according to 2024 data from the US BLS.

How much do HVAC technicians make per year?

In 2023, heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers across the US had a median annual wage of $57,300, or a median hourly wage of $27.55 (US BLS, 2024). To compare, the hourly figure is slightly higher than the $23.80 2024 median hourly wage of all occupations in the country (US BLS, 2025).

An HVAC technician’s income potential can depend on several different factors, such as experience level, certifications, geographic location, industry demand, and chosen specialization. Technicians with advanced skills or working in high-demand areas usually earn higher wages. Additionally, those who pursue further education, such as online construction management degrees, may qualify for leadership roles or project-based positions that offer increased earning opportunities.

What is the job demand for HVAC technicians?

Employment for heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers across the US is expected to grow by 9% between 2023 and 2033. This is a much faster job growth rate than that of all occupations in the country and translates to an average of about 42,500 job openings for the role over the decade (US BLS, 2024).

HVAC technicians are in high demand due to the essential role that heating, cooling, and ventilation systems play in homes, businesses, and industrial settings. As buildings age and climate control technology advances, skilled professionals are needed to install, maintain, and upgrade these systems.

The steady demand for HVAC technicians can be compared to similar skilled trades, such as welding, where the welder salary reflects the value of specialized skills and training in a competitive job market.

Moreover, growing concerns about energy efficiency and environmental impact drive the need for knowledgeable HVAC technicians who can implement modern, eco-friendly solutions. This consistent demand offers strong job stability and long-term career opportunities.

Where do HVAC technicians work?

In 2023, about 441,200 heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers were employed across the US. The following are the industries where the largest employers of these professionals belong to (US BLS, 2024):

Plumbing, Heating, and Air-conditioning Contractors: 67%
Self-employed Workers: 8%
Wholesale Trade: 3%
Educational Services (State, Local, and Private): 3%
Retail Trade: 3%

Meanwhile, around 1.6 million general maintenance and repair workers are employed in the US in 2023. The following were the largest employers of these professionals during the same year (US BLS, 2024):

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing: 20%
Manufacturing: 12%
Government: 12%
Accommodation and Food Services: 8%
Educational Services (State, Local, and Private): 8%

Moreover, 779,800 electricians were employed in the country in 2023. The following were the largest employers of electricians in the same year (US BLS, 2024):

Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors: 67%
Self-employed Workers: 7%
Manufacturing: 6%
Government: 3%
Employment Services: 3%

The chart below provides a visualization of the largest employers of heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers in the US in 2023, according to 2024 data from the US BLS.

What emerging technologies are shaping the HVAC industry?

Recent advancements in HVAC systems increasingly focus on digital integration, energy management, and sustainable practices. Modern solutions such as IoT-enabled devices, smart thermostats, and predictive maintenance tools are redefining operational efficiency, system reliability, and cost-effectiveness. Manufacturers and service providers are incorporating these innovations to meet stricter environmental regulations and enhance energy conservation. For professionals aiming to align with these developments, targeted education programs—like the easiest online bachelor's degree—offer a pathway to mastering the technical competencies required for a future-ready career.

Are Accelerated Online Training Programs a Viable Path for HVAC Technicians?

While hands-on experience remains critical, accelerated online training programs offer a streamlined approach to mastering essential technical competencies. These programs focus on core HVAC skills, allowing technicians to reduce the time needed for certification and quickly position themselves for specialized roles. By integrating targeted coursework with flexible learning schedules, professionals can stay current with industry trends and emerging technologies. For further details on accelerated educational pathways, explore what degree can I get online in 6 months.

What are the biggest challenges that HVAC technicians face?

HVAC technicians fulfill an essential role in maintaining comfort and air quality in residential and commercial establishments, so that their clients can continue on with their daily lives without issue. However, because their workload involves ensuring relief and satisfaction of their clients, their jobs may come with its share of challenges. Interestingly, some individuals—such as older adults exploring second careers through online degree programs for seniors—may want to consider these challenges before entering the field.

The following are three of the most common difficulties that HVAC technicians may experience on the job:

Physically Demanding Work: HVAC technicians often work in tight spaces, on rooftops, or in extreme temperatures. The job also requires lifting heavy equipment and spending long hours on their feet, which can be physically taxing.
Keeping Up With Technology: HVAC systems are becoming increasingly advanced, incorporating smart technology and energy-efficient features. Technicians must continually update their knowledge and skills to stay competitive in the field.
Seasonal Workload Fluctuations: Demand for HVAC services often peaks during hot summers and cold winters. This can lead to long hours during busy seasons and fewer jobs during off-peak months. Unfortunately, this might negatively affect work-life balance and job stability.

Which HVAC Certifications Boost Career Success?

HVAC certifications serve as a strategic asset in advancing an HVAC technician’s career by validating specialized skills and demonstrating industry commitment. Targeted credentials not only enhance technical proficiency and compliance with evolving standards, but also support leadership roles by showcasing continuous professional development. For instance, pursuing comprehensive programs such as the best certification courses for high paying jobs can yield competitive advantages in salary negotiations and job opportunities. Employers increasingly favor candidates who possess industry-recognized certifications that align with modern technological advancements and sustainable practices.

Here’s What Professionals Have to Say about Their Careers as HVAC Technicians

“Becoming an HVAC technician gave me a hands-on career with great job security. I love that I get to solve real problems every day and help people stay comfortable in their homes.” —Maria
“I started as an apprentice right after high school, and now I run my own HVAC business. The path was challenging, but the freedom and income potential have made it incredibly rewarding.” —Rory
“What drew me to HVAC was the steady demand across industries. I’ve worked in schools, office buildings, and even hospitals. There’s always something new to learn, and no 2 days are ever the same.” —Michael

How can HVAC technicians pursue career advancement?

HVAC technicians seeking to elevate their careers should focus on targeted professional development initiatives and skill diversification. Pursuing advanced certifications and specialized training in innovative HVAC technologies not only strengthens technical proficiency but also opens avenues to leadership and project management roles. Engaging in continuous learning through industry-recognized courses and academic programs—such as obtaining a quickest online degree—can significantly enhance career prospects while adapting to evolving market demands.

What financing options are available for HVAC training?

Prospective HVAC technicians can leverage various financing strategies to manage training expenses. Options include state and federal financial aid programs, tuition reimbursement through employer partnerships, and industry-specific scholarships. Many candidates may benefit from exploring FAFSA-approved online certificate programs to access flexible, cost-effective education solutions. Additionally, partnering with community programs or trade unions can offer subsidized training and installment payment plans to reduce the upfront financial burden.

Is a Higher Degree Worthwhile for HVAC Technicians?

Integrating formal higher education into an HVAC career can significantly expand professional opportunities beyond technical roles. Acquiring a comprehensive academic background builds leadership, analytical, and project management skills that are valued in today’s evolving technical landscape. Advanced degree programs also address emerging trends in sustainable practices and smart systems integration while ensuring familiarity with stringent regulatory standards. For professionals seeking a rapid advancement path, exploring accelerated bachelor degree programs may offer a streamlined route to broaden career prospects and enhance long-term employability.

Key Findings

HVAC technicians are responsible for installing, maintaining, and repairing heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems in residential, commercial, and industrial settings. Their work ensures that indoor environments remain comfortable and energy-efficient throughout the year.
To become an HVAC technician, most individuals complete a postsecondary training program at a technical school or a trade school. These programs usually take 6 months to 2 years to complete.
Under Section 608 of the Clean Air Act, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires individuals aiming to become HVAC technicians to satisfy certification standards to be able to practice legally. Applicants must pass an EPA-approved examination that covers topics relating to the type of equipment they are aiming to be an expert at professionally.
In 2023, heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers across the US had a median annual wage of $57,300, or a median hourly wage of $27.55 (US BLS, 2024). To compare, the hourly figure is slightly higher than the $23.80 2024 median hourly wage of all occupations in the country (US BLS, 2025).
Employment for heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers across the US is expected to grow by 9% between 2023 and 2033. This is a much faster job growth rate than that of all occupations in the country and translates to an average of about 42,500 job openings for the role over the decade (US BLS, 2024).

Other Things You Should Know about How to Become an Information Systems Manager

Is HVAC easy to learn?

Becoming an HVAC technician can be challenging, as it requires both technical skills and hands-on experience. With proper training through courses, apprenticeships, and certifications, many find it manageable, especially with dedication and practice in real-world situations.

Is HVAC good for money?

Becoming an HVAC technician can provide individuals with good income. In 2023, heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers in the US had a median annual wage of $57,300, or a median hourly wage of $27.55 (US BLS, 2024). To compare, the 2024 median hourly wage of all occupations in the country was $23.80 (US BLS, 2025).

Is HVAC a stressful job?

Being an HVAC technician can be stressful, particularly during peak seasons or emergency repairs. Technicians often work in challenging environments, such as extreme temperatures, and may face tight deadlines.

Which field is best in HVAC?

The best field in HVAC depends on professional goals, personal interests, and strengths. Specializations, such as commercial HVAC, refrigeration, or HVAC design, can offer higher pay and career growth. Choosing a niche with high demand, such as energy-efficient systems, can also be rewarding.