How to Become a Substitute Teacher in Virginia for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Virginia’s public schools are experiencing a 15% vacancy rate for substitute teacher positions—a shortage that presents both challenges and opportunities. For individuals seeking flexible teaching roles, this unmet demand translates to steady work, competitive pay, and meaningful classroom experience.

This guide, developed by career planning experts, walks you through the certification requirements and application process for becoming a substitute teacher in Virginia. Whether you're exploring a new career path or looking to make an impact in education, you'll find the essential information needed to step confidently into this high-demand role.

Key Things to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Virginia

Obtain a minimum of 60 college credit hours or hold a valid teaching license to qualify as a substitute teacher in Virginia.
Complete a background check and fingerprinting as mandated by the Virginia Department of Education to ensure student safety.
Register with the local school division where you wish to work, as each district manages its own substitute teacher pool and application process.
Familiarize yourself with classroom management techniques and Virginia’s Standards of Learning to maintain effective instruction during assignments.
Expect an average daily pay ranging from $90 to $130, with opportunities to increase based on experience and district policies.

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in Virginia?
What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in Virginia?
How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in Virginia?
How much do substitute teachers in Virginia make?
How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in Virginia?
What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in Virginia?
How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in Virginia?
What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in Virginia?
What are the current licensing requirements for substitute teachers in Virginia?
What legal rights do substitute teachers have in Virginia?
What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in Virginia?
Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Virginia

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in Virginia?

The basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in Virginia encompass the specific expectations that ensure readiness to support diverse student needs. Knowing these requirements will help you prepare thoroughly before applying.

Age: Candidates must be at least 18 years old to qualify for substitute teaching positions.
Education: A high school diploma or GED certificate is required, though some districts may demand more advanced credentials.
Experience: Without postsecondary education, applicants need at least two years of full-time work experience with children, or alternatively, two years of full-time college education can meet this criterion.
Legal Eligibility: Applicants must be legally authorized to work in the United States.
Background Check: Completion of a criminal background check and fingerprinting is mandatory, and it’s wise to begin this process early due to possible delays.

For those exploring substitute teacher qualifications in Virginia, it’s important to note that some districts require additional college credits, such as 30 to 60 semester hours. Exploring the answers to questions like "What can I do with education associate degree?" may also enhance your eligibility and opportunities in this field.

What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in Virginia?

Training and orientation are essential steps that first-time substitute teachers in Virginia must complete to effectively support classroom environments. These requirements, shaped by local districts, ensure substitutes understand school-specific policies and expectations.

District Orientation Programs: Substitutes participate in district-led sessions covering classroom management, safety protocols, and professional conduct, which vary in length depending on the district.
Pre-Hire Training: Some districts or agencies, like Kelly Education, require additional training through online or in-person modules focused on instructional strategies and student engagement.
Policy and Procedure Familiarization: Orientation includes learning the assigned school's attendance rules, discipline methods, and emergency response plans to ensure readiness.
Ongoing Professional Development: Certain school divisions offer or mandate periodic workshops on topics such as special education and diversity, although this is not universal across Virginia.

Because requirements vary across Virginia’s 132 school divisions, it is wise to consult with your chosen district to understand specific expectations. For those looking to expand their skills, exploring the best online library science program can be a valuable resource to complement your substitute teacher training requirements in Virginia. This emphasis on preparation reflects a broader trend in education staffing—one that’s clearly illustrated in the image below, which shows how many substitute teachers were active nationwide in 2023.

How many substitute teachers were available in 2023?

How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in Virginia?

Applying to become a substitute teacher in Virginia involves a clear, multi-step process designed to ensure candidates meet legal and safety standards. Each step builds on the previous, creating a thorough vetting system that protects students and prepares substitutes for their responsibilities.

Submit an Online Application: Complete the division’s official online form, providing personal details, work history, and references, typically dated within six months.
Reference Checks: Provide professional references, usually including supervisors, to verify experience and suitability for working with children.
Interview with School Administration: Participate in an interview assessing communication skills, professionalism, and classroom readiness.
Background Check and Fingerprinting: Undergo fingerprint screening and submit forms verifying clearance from abuse or neglect records, often requiring notarization and fees.
Tuberculosis Clearance: Submit evidence of a recent negative TB test or chest x-ray, ensuring health safety in the school environment.
Orientation and Training: Attend mandatory sessions or complete online training focused on classroom management, policies, and emergency procedures.
Final Approval: Receive confirmation from the school board or central office to join the approved substitute teacher list.

A substitute teacher from Virginia who graduated locally reflected on her application journey with a mix of relief and pride. “The process felt detailed but fair,” she said, recalling how gathering current references and completing the notarized social services form took more time than expected. She appreciated the structured interview, which gave her a chance to express her passion for teaching and readiness to manage diverse classrooms. The background check and fingerprinting appointment required patience, but knowing it was a step to safeguard children made it meaningful.

She also noted the orientation’s value, especially the training on virtual teaching tools, which made her feel confident in today’s hybrid learning settings. “Applying wasn’t just about paperwork—it was the first real step toward joining a community committed to student success,” she shared thoughtfully. To better understand where opportunities are most concentrated, the chart below highlights the top employers of short-term substitute teachers across the United States.

How much do substitute teachers in Virginia make?

Substitute teacher compensation in Virginia varies broadly, with annual salaries typically ranging from about $30,700 at the 25th percentile to $49,600 at the 75th percentile. Some substitutes earn as low as $18,837, while top earners approach $68,409. Hourly wages generally fall between $19.24 and $22.25, depending on district policies and qualifications. For example, Prince William County Public Schools offers $22.25 per hour, while Frederick County pays $115 daily for non-degreed substitutes and $130 for those with degrees.

The average substitute teacher salary in Virginia is around $41,882, which is reflected in the median pay as well. This figure places Virginia at the very bottom nationally, ranked 50th out of 50 states. Such positioning suggests challenges in attracting and retaining substitute teachers statewide, especially when compared to national averages that exceed $45,000. This gap highlights the importance of understanding local pay structures and considering educational credentials carefully.

Hourly and daily rates often increase with educational background and long-term assignments, which can offer upward mobility in compensation. For those interested in enhancing their qualifications, exploring opportunities like the ranking of most affordable online education degrees may be beneficial. Knowing how much do substitute teachers make in Virginia helps prospective substitutes weigh financial expectations and local opportunities thoughtfully.

How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in Virginia?

Renewing a substitute teaching certificate in Virginia requires careful attention to professional development and statutory mandates. Staying proactive with documentation and deadlines ensures a smooth renewal aligned with state standards.

License Type and Validity: Most substitutes hold a five- or ten-year renewable teaching license; provisional licenses cannot be renewed and require upgrading to a full license.
Professional Development Points: Complete 180 points for a five-year license or 270 points for a ten-year license through approved coursework, workshops, or seminars.
Statutory Training: Fulfill mandatory modules each renewal cycle, including child abuse recognition, dyslexia awareness, first aid/CPR, and civic education.
Application Process: Employed substitutes apply through their agency; unemployed substitutes submit directly to the Virginia Department of Education with all required documents and fees.
Documentation: Provide a completed application form, proof of professional development (Individualized Renewal Record), statutory training certificates, and renewal fee.
Administrative Details: Use your license number on all forms, update contact information promptly, and note renewal windows specific to some districts.
Ongoing Review and Record-Keeping: Regularly assess your progress toward renewal with your supervisor and keep copies of all submitted materials for your records.

What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in Virginia?

Substitute teachers in Virginia carry the important duty of maintaining instructional continuity and managing classrooms effectively during a teacher’s absence. Their role demands adaptability and professionalism to ensure that students experience minimal disruption in their learning environment.

Implementing lesson plans: Substitutes follow the absent teacher’s prepared materials to keep students aligned with curriculum goals.
Maintaining classroom management: They uphold rules and manage behavior to create a safe, orderly learning space.
Complying with policies: Substitutes must adhere to state, school board, and local regulations governing instruction and conduct.
Taking attendance and following routines: Accurate attendance and adherence to daily schedules are essential responsibilities.
Participating in school duties: Tasks like lunch and hall supervision ensure school operations run smoothly beyond classroom teaching.
Reporting to the main office: Checking in upon arrival allows substitutes to receive important updates and clarify expectations.
Ensuring safety and reporting incidents: Any concerns or incidents must be promptly communicated to administrators.
Collaborating with staff: Coordination with aides and other educators supports inclusive and specialized learning needs.
Handling long-term assignments: Substitutes in extended roles take on grading, planning, and parent communication, often requiring a valid Virginia teaching license.
Attending orientation and training: Districts mandate onboarding sessions to prepare substitutes for local expectations and policies.
Meeting employment requirements: Background checks, abuse prevention training, and health documentation are required for eligibility.

How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in Virginia?

Substitute teaching in Virginia offers a unique level of autonomy rarely found in other education roles. The ability to select which days to work allows substitutes to balance teaching with personal commitments or other jobs, creating a genuinely adaptable career path. This flexibility is not just convenient; it empowers educators to maintain control over their time, making it ideal for those who value independence in their professional life.

However, this freedom also requires a proactive approach—substitutes must stay engaged with job notifications and be ready to respond quickly to opportunities as they arise. Flexibility here means both choice and responsibility, blending the two in a way that suits diverse lifestyles and goals.

A substitute teacher from Virginia who graduated locally shared how this schedule flexibility helped him navigate unexpected family needs while building his teaching experience. He described the initial challenge of juggling spontaneous job offers with personal plans but noted that over time, he developed a rhythm, “learning when to say yes and when to hold back.” The ability to adjust week by week has made substitute teaching not just a job but a sustainable part of his life journey.

To provide additional context, the image below illustrates the average tenure of substitute teachers, offering insight into how long many educators stay in these flexible roles.

What is the average tenure for substitute teachers?

What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in Virginia?

Substitute teachers in Virginia enjoy several meaningful benefits that extend beyond basic pay, offering a flexible and rewarding way to engage with education. These perks make substitute teaching a viable option for those seeking supplemental income or valuable classroom experience.

Competitive Pay: Hourly or daily rates vary by district, with opportunities for higher earnings for retired teachers and long-term assignments.
Flexible Scheduling: Assignments can be chosen to fit personal availability, appealing to students, retirees, and professionals alike.
Professional Growth: Substitute teaching can open pathways to full-time roles and build useful experience for licensure.
Additional Roles: Eligibility to serve in other school positions broadens income and experience options.
Training Provided: Districts offer mandatory orientation to prepare substitutes for classroom responsibilities.

Those interested in substitute teacher perks in Virginia should note the educational requirements and application process, which include background checks and training. For those considering advancing their credentials, exploring the cheapest masters in education online programs can be a strategic next step toward long-term teaching opportunities.

To further illustrate the landscape, the chart below shows the percentage distribution of employed substitute teachers by company type, highlighting where these roles are most commonly found.

What are the current licensing requirements for substitute teachers in Virginia?

Applicants must follow a defined certification process that includes completing approved pre-assessment education and undergoing comprehensive background screenings. Detailed documentation of academic credentials and previous teaching experience is necessary to confirm eligibility. Prospective substitutes should refer to the official guidelines for all state-mandated training sessions and continuing education units required to maintain certification. For updated procedures and criteria, please review our guide on the Virginia substitute teacher licensing requirements.

What legal rights do substitute teachers have in Virginia?

Substitute teachers in Virginia navigate a unique set of legal rights designed to balance their role within schools while protecting both their interests and those of students. These rights reflect statewide regulations and local district policies that recognize the distinct nature of substitute teaching.

Time Limit on Assignments: Substitutes cannot fill the same vacant teaching position for more than 90 teaching days in a school year, preventing prolonged reliance on substitutes instead of permanent hires.
Qualification Requirements: They must meet minimum age and education or work experience thresholds, ensuring a baseline of competency before placement.
Mandatory Background Checks: Criminal history and Child Protective Services registry reviews are required, safeguarding student safety and maintaining trust in the educational environment.
Orientation and Training: Substitutes receive mandatory orientation to understand school policies, classroom management, and emergency protocols, which supports their effectiveness and legal compliance.
Certification for Long-Term Roles: Extended assignments often require proper teaching certification in relevant subjects, aligning substitutes with full-time teacher standards.
Conduct and Procedural Protections: While contractual rights are limited, many districts offer procedural safeguards, especially for unionized substitutes, providing avenues for addressing dismissal or disciplinary actions.
Adaptation to Online Instruction: With virtual learning growing, substitutes gain training in digital classroom management, reflecting evolving educational demands and legal expectations.

What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in Virginia?

Substitute teaching in Virginia can serve as a meaningful stepping stone toward a rewarding career in education. The experience gained in classrooms across districts offers several pathways for career advancement for substitute teachers in Virginia.

Become a Fully Certified Teacher: Many substitutes use their time in the classroom to build experience and meet requirements for full teacher certification, often pursuing additional education and licensure.
Long-Term Substitute Roles: Taking on long-term assignments allows substitutes to demonstrate their capability in sustained teaching positions, which can lead to permanent roles.
Networking and Professional Growth: Substitute teaching provides valuable connections within school districts that can support career progression and job opportunities.
Further Education: Pursuing advanced degrees or credentials, such as through the cheapest EdD programs, can strengthen qualifications and open doors to leadership roles in education.

Here's What Substitute Teachers in Virginia Have to Say About Their Careers

Completing my substitute teaching certification through the Richmond Public Schools program opened doors I hadn’t imagined. Starting my career as a substitute in a local school allowed me to experience diverse classrooms and develop my teaching style without the immediate pressure of a full-time position. I’ve grown not just professionally but personally, finding joy in fostering a positive learning environment and connecting with students from different backgrounds. Virginia’s rich history and community values make every day unique and rewarding. It’s fulfilling to contribute to the well-being of young learners in such a vibrant setting. Kyla
Beginning my teaching journey as a substitute in a local Virginia school has been an incredible stepping stone. The flexibility of substitute teaching gave me the chance to explore different grade levels and subjects, which helped me identify my true passion within education. My experience completing the training at Fairfax County Public Schools prepared me well for the challenges I faced. I appreciate the professional growth opportunities here, especially with ongoing workshops and resources tailored to Virginia educators. It’s inspiring to know that my work positively impacts the community and supports students’ success. Julianne
Reflecting on my time as a substitute teacher after finishing the program at Norfolk Public Schools, I’m grateful for the unique challenges Virginia’s schools present. The blend of urban and coastal environments means each assignment feels different, pushing me to adapt and innovate constantly. This career path has deepened my commitment to education and allowed me to witness firsthand the resilience and creativity of our students. The professional development options available have been instrumental in advancing my skills, making me confident about future opportunities in education leadership. I feel proud to play a role in shaping young minds in such a culturally rich state. Doug

Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Virginia

Are online substitute teacher training programs in Virginia legitimate?

When considering online substitute teacher training programs in Virginia, it is essential to select courses that are both reputable and recognized by school districts. One of the most respected options is the American Board for Certification of Teacher Excellence (ABCTE), which offers a fully online certification program designed for substitute teachers. ABCTE is widely acknowledged across multiple states, including Virginia, and provides comprehensive training that meets state requirements, making it a legitimate choice for those seeking flexible learning.

Another popular and legitimate option is the Substitute Teacher Training Certificate provided by Ed2Go, which is nationally recognized and covers essential classroom management and instructional strategies. Both programs emphasize practical skills and legal guidelines necessary for substitute teaching, ensuring that participants are well-prepared.

When choosing an online program, verify that it aligns with Virginia’s Department of Education standards to ensure certification acceptance. Overall, these programs balance convenience with quality, making them suitable for aspiring substitute teachers in Virginia.

Is substitute teaching in Virginia considered full-time employment?

In Virginia, substitute teaching is generally not classified as full-time employment due to the nature of the work and contractual terms. Most substitute teachers are hired on an as-needed basis, filling in for absent teachers without guaranteed hours or continuous employment.

According to the Virginia Department of Education, substitutes typically work daily or short-term assignments, which limits the ability to accumulate full-time hours consistently. The average daily rate for substitutes in Virginia varies by district, often ranging from $100 to $150 per day, which is significantly lower than a full-time teacher’s salary.

Additionally, substitute teachers usually do not receive benefits such as health insurance or retirement plans, further distinguishing this role from full-time employment. The Virginia Education Association confirms that substitutes are considered part-time or temporary staff, which affects eligibility for full-time employment benefits. While some districts may offer long-term substitute positions that resemble full-time work, these are exceptions rather than the rule.

What skills do you gain as a substitute teacher in Virginia?

As a substitute teacher in Virginia, you gain a variety of valuable skills that enhance your professional and interpersonal abilities. You develop classroom management techniques that help maintain a positive learning environment. Adaptability is key, as you often work in different schools and grade levels with diverse student populations. This experience strengthens your flexibility and problem-solving skills.

You also improve your communication skills by effectively conveying instructions and engaging with students, teachers, and staff. Time management becomes essential as you balance lesson plans and daily schedules. Additionally, substitute teaching fosters patience and resilience, helping you respond calmly to unexpected challenges.

Overall, the role offers a practical understanding of educational practices and student needs in Virginia’s schools. These skills are transferable to permanent teaching positions or other roles in education. Substitute teaching serves as both a professional stepping stone and a chance to contribute meaningfully to the learning community.

Should you substitute teach before becoming a full-time teacher in Virginia?

Yes, substituting before becoming a full-time teacher in Virginia can be beneficial. It offers practical classroom experience and insight into daily teaching routines. Substitute teaching helps build confidence managing diverse student needs and adapting to various school environments.

This experience also allows you to develop classroom management skills and understand curriculum expectations. It can strengthen your resume and increase your competitiveness for full-time teaching positions.

Moreover, working as a substitute helps you network with school administrators and educators. These connections can provide valuable references and job leads. However, substitute teaching is not mandatory to become a licensed full-time teacher in Virginia.

To pursue full-time teaching, you still need to meet state certification requirements, including completing an approved educator preparation program and passing required exams. Substituting is a practical step but should be combined with formal training and licensure efforts to maximize your success in a teaching career.

References:

Arlington Public Schools. (n.d.). Substitutes. APSVA.
Fairfax County Public Schools. (n.d.). Substitute Teaching Employment Opportunities (Site-Based Substitutes). FCPS.
Hanover County Public Schools. (n.d.). Substitutes. HCPS.
Henrico County Public Schools. (2024, May 10). There are Lots of Reasons to Consider Being a Substitute Teacher for the New School Year. henricoschools.us.
Kelly Services. (2025, April 3). Kelly Education Launches Training Program to Elevate Virginia’s Substitute Teaching Standards. kellyservices.com.
Newport News Public Schools. (n.d.). Substitute Teaching. sbo.nn.k12.va.us.
Rockingham County Public Schools - Virginia. (n.d.). Become a Substitute. RCPS.
Virginia Beach City Public Schools. (n.d.). Substitute Guidelines/Procedures. vbschools.com.
Zippia. (2025, January 8). Substitute Teacher Education Requirements. zippia.com.