How to Become a Substitute Teacher in Pennsylvania for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Breaking into Pennsylvania’s education system can be challenging, especially with limited full-time teaching positions available. However, the ongoing substitute teacher shortage affects nearly 30% of school districts, creating urgent demand and new opportunities.

I have researched this topic extensively, and in this article, I will explain the requirements, certification process, salary expectations, and key steps to help you begin your journey as a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania.

Key Things to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Pennsylvania

Aspiring substitute teachers must have a bachelor’s degree or higher, as Pennsylvania requires this level of education for all substitute teaching roles.
Substitute teachers in Pennsylvania generally earn between $19,046 and $69,166 per year, with the majority earning between $31,100 and $50,100 annually.
To begin working as a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania, you must complete specific training requirements that equip you with the skills and knowledge needed for the classroom.

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?
What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?
How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?
How much do substitute teachers in Pennsylvania make?
How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in Pennsylvania?
What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?
How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in Pennsylvania?
What are the current licensing requirements for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?
What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?
What legal rights do substitute teachers have in Pennsylvania?
What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?
Other Things to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Pennsylvania

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?

Meeting the basic requirements for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania sets a solid foundation for a rewarding role in education. Here are the essential qualifications you’ll need to pursue this path with confidence:

Minimum Education: A bachelor’s degree from an accredited college or university is required, with flexibility in the major field of study.
Certification: Pennsylvania requires a valid teaching certificate, such as an intern, Level I, or Level II certificate, for most substitute teaching roles.
Inactive Certification Limitations: Those holding inactive certificates can substitute teach up to 90 days annually; emergency permits allow day-to-day substitute teaching but are limited to 20 consecutive days and issued only when districts cannot find qualified substitutes.
Background Checks and Clearances: Passing an FBI Criminal Background Check, PA Criminal Background Check, and obtaining a PA Child Abuse Clearance History are mandatory for all candidates.
Alternative Pathways: Some districts permit substitute teaching under supervision for individuals still completing a degree or student teaching requirements, provided they show progress via transcripts.
Application Process: Engaging with substitute teacher agencies can streamline hiring and provide guidance through district requirements.

Keeping your transcripts ready and staying aware of district-specific rules is vital. For those wondering what to do with a masters in education, substitute teaching can be a valuable stepping stone within Pennsylvania’s educational landscape.

What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?

To successfully start as a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania, you’ll need to complete a set of essential training requirements designed to prepare you for the classroom environment. These steps not only comply with state regulations but also build your confidence and skills as you step into this important role.

Pre-credential or pre-hire training: Complete a pre-hire training program that covers classroom management, instructional strategies, and student engagement before beginning work. Some organizations, like Kelly Education, offer state-compliant courses tailored for substitutes.
Act 126 Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting Training: This mandatory online training focuses on recognizing and reporting child abuse, required every five years and ideally completed within the first year of employment to meet Pennsylvania Act 126 training for substitute teachers standards.
Orientation sessions: Attend district or intermediate unit orientations to learn about specific policies, procedures, and available support resources that will guide your daily responsibilities.
Additional district training: Prepare for possible extra training modules such as diversity and inclusion or special education awareness, which vary by district and are often outlined during hiring.
Regular updates and renewals: Maintain eligibility by completing refresher courses and renewing clearances annually if working under emergency permits or as guest teachers.

In 2023, states like California, Texas, and New York employed the largest numbers of short-term substitute teachers, indicating strong demand in those regions. Virginia and North Carolina also reported high employment levels, highlighting ongoing staffing needs across both densely populated and rapidly growing states. These trends reflect broader efforts to address teacher shortages and maintain classroom continuity nationwide.

How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?

Applying to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania involves a clear series of steps designed to ensure you’re ready and eligible to support classrooms across the state. By following these carefully structured stages, you’ll move efficiently from initial interest to active substitute teaching.

Identify Your District: Choose the school district or educational entity where you want to work, as each district manages its own hiring process and requirements.
Gather Documentation: Prepare and submit official proof of your academic qualifications and legal work authorization required by your target district.
Complete Background Clearances: Obtain and provide the mandatory Pennsylvania State Police Criminal Record Check, Child Abuse History Clearance, and FBI Criminal History Record.
Apply for an Emergency Permit: If you lack a Pennsylvania teaching certificate, the district may request a Type 06 Emergency Permit on your behalf, enabling you to substitute for one school year with possible renewals.
Attend Training Programs: Participate in any district or Intermediate Unit training, such as guest teacher programs, to prepare for classroom management and teaching demands.
Finish District Onboarding: Complete orientation and onboarding, including reviewing policies, payroll, and technology access, especially if you plan to teach online or remotely.

When I spoke with a substitute teacher from Pennsylvania who graduated locally, she reflected on her application journey with a mix of determination and patience. “Navigating each district’s specific process was eye-opening,” she said, noting that contacting the district early helped clarify their unique expectations. She recalled the challenge of coordinating background clearances but emphasized how vital they were to gaining trust.

“Applying for the emergency permit felt like a key step—once that was in place, doors really started opening.” Her experience with the district onboarding also proved essential, especially in learning to manage the technology needed for remote assignments.

For those interested in advancing their skills broadly, pursuing a master's of library science online can complement educational roles and open new opportunities within school systems.

How much do substitute teachers in Pennsylvania make?

When exploring the average substitute teacher salary in Pennsylvania, you’ll find a wide range that reflects the diversity of experience and assignment types. Substitute teachers typically earn between $19,046 and $69,166 annually, with most falling between $31,100 and $50,100. This range is influenced heavily by factors like location, length of assignment, and whether you work through a staffing agency or district directly.

Looking deeper, the median salary insight reveals that Pennsylvania’s pay for substitutes is shaped more by local demand and individual availability than by standardized contracts. This means those who accept longer or more frequent assignments can significantly increase their earnings, often reaching the upper $40,000s to nearly $70,000 annually. The variability here highlights the importance of flexibility and persistence in boosting your income as a substitute teacher.

Despite these opportunities, it’s important to recognize how Pennsylvania compares nationally. The state ranks 50th out of 50 for substitute teacher salaries, placing it at the very bottom in terms of pay. National averages tend to hover in the low-to-mid $30,000s, so Pennsylvania’s figures, while competitive locally, remain on the lower end overall. If compensation is a top priority, you might consider states with stronger union support or metropolitan areas offering higher rates.

For those committed to entering education through substitute teaching, it helps to explore pathways that build experience and stability. Additionally, researching the most affordable online education degrees can open doors to full-time roles with better pay and benefits over time.

The data below reveals a clear correlation between education level and earnings among substitute teachers. Individuals with a doctorate earn about $7,324 more per year than those with only a high school diploma. Each step in educational attainment shows a steady wage increase.

How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in Pennsylvania?

Renewing or maintaining your substitute teaching certificate in Pennsylvania requires attention to specific steps depending on your certification type. Staying proactive with these requirements ensures your eligibility to continue making a positive impact in classrooms.

Emergency Permit Renewal: Submit your renewal application annually through the Pennsylvania Department of Education’s Teacher Information Management System (TIMS), with your school district or Intermediate Unit sponsoring the request.
Renewal Fee: Pay the non-refundable fee, typically around $25, required for emergency permit renewal, which supports administrative processing.
Documentation Requirements: Provide proof of ongoing enrollment in a teacher preparation program or completion of required credit hours, especially if holding a Type 01 emergency permit.
Certified Teacher Continuing Education: Fulfill Act 48 requirements every five years by completing six semester credits, six PDE-approved continuing professional education credits, or 180 hours of PDE-approved training.
Professional Record Tracking: Maintain documentation of your Act 48 credits in the Professional Educator Record Management System (PERMS) to demonstrate compliance.
Paraprofessional and Special Education Substitutes: Complete an annual electronic renewal process without any renewal fee through your Intermediate Unit, such as IU13.
Timely Notifications: Watch for renewal instructions typically sent by your IU or employing district in early summer to stay ahead of deadlines.

What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teachers in Pennsylvania play a crucial role in maintaining instructional continuity and effective classroom management when the regular teacher is absent. Their work ensures that students remain engaged and supported in a stable learning environment.

Delivering Lesson Plans: Follow the regular teacher’s lesson plans closely to maintain consistency and achieve curriculum goals.
Classroom Management: Enforce school rules and create a respectful, focused atmosphere to promote productive learning.
Attendance and Record Keeping: Take attendance daily, monitor student participation, and document any incidents as required.
Student Supervision: Oversee students during class, transitions, lunch, recess, and dismissal to ensure safety and order.
Reporting and Communication: Keep school administrators informed of any issues and leave detailed notes for the regular teacher about the day’s progress.
Instructional Support: Adapt teaching methods as needed and assist students with assignments, especially if no lesson plan is available.
Adaptability: Be ready to work across different classrooms, grade levels, and subjects, often on short notice.
Special Education Awareness: Follow Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) and accommodations when working with students with special needs.
Professionalism and Confidentiality: Maintain professional conduct and protect student privacy at all times.
Mandatory Training Compliance: Complete required trainings like Act 126 on child abuse recognition and mandated reporting before working with students.
Background Clearances: Obtain and keep current all necessary background checks and clearances as mandated by Pennsylvania law.

These responsibilities require not only instructional skill but also flexibility, communication, and a strong commitment to student well-being, especially in districts facing staffing challenges. The image below highlights the current vacancy rate among public school teachers, providing important context for why substitute teachers remain in high demand not just in Pennsylvania but across the country.

How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teaching in Pennsylvania offers remarkable schedule freedom, allowing you to choose when and how often to work. Most assignments are day-to-day, so you decide whether to accept a job based on your availability, which is perfect if you juggle other commitments. Long-term positions do require more dedication but still maintain flexibility before and after the assignment. Online systems and district call-ins make it easy to pick up jobs even on short notice, giving you control over your calendar.

This flexibility suits many life situations, whether you’re a retiree, a student, or balancing family duties, you can tailor your work without feeling locked into a strict routine. The state’s policies also help by capping consecutive days on the same assignment, preventing burnout and encouraging variety.

A substitute teacher from Pennsylvania, who graduated from a local school, shared his experience with me. He recalled how, early on, managing his schedule felt like a puzzle: “I had to learn the best times to check the district’s call system and be ready for last-minute openings.” Over time, he grew to appreciate the rhythm, saying, “It’s empowering to say yes only when it fits my life.”

He also noted moments of juggling family events and sudden assignments, emphasizing that flexibility wasn’t just a perk—it was essential. His approach turned what could have been stress into a rewarding balance, showing how adaptable this role truly is.

What are the current licensing requirements for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teaching in Pennsylvania mandates adherence to specific licensing and certification standards designed to ensure high-quality instruction and safety in the classroom. Candidates must typically possess a bachelor’s degree, satisfy comprehensive background checks, and complete designated pre-service training modules. Additionally, periodic renewal of credentials is required to keep pace with evolving educational standards and regulatory updates. For detailed guidance, please review our article on the Pennsylvania substitute teacher licensing requirements.

What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teaching in Pennsylvania offers more than just a paycheck—it provides meaningful professional growth and flexible benefits that can fit your lifestyle. Here are some key perks that make this role rewarding:

Voluntary Employee Benefits: Many districts and agencies offer access to health insurance, 401(k) plans, and life insurance, though eligibility often depends on hours worked or agency affiliation.
Flexible Work Schedule: You can choose assignments that fit your availability, ideal for retirees, students, or professionals seeking part-time work.
Professional Experience and Networking: Substitute teaching builds classroom skills and connections that can open doors to permanent positions.
Pension-Friendly Work: Retirees can work without pausing their Pennsylvania pension if the employer is PSERS-approved.
Competitive Pay: Daily rates commonly range from $90 to $150, with some districts offering more based on assignment.

For those considering this path, having a bachelor’s degree or being enrolled in at least 60 credits in a Pennsylvania teacher preparation program is essential. If you’re exploring ways to improve your salary with online bachelors degree in early childhood education, substitute teaching can be a valuable stepping stone while you gain experience and access benefits.

What legal rights do substitute teachers have in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teachers in Pennsylvania benefit from specific legal rights that protect their employment conditions while allowing flexibility to meet school needs. These rights ensure fair treatment and provide clear guidelines on certification and assignment limits.

Certification Flexibility: Substitutes with active Pennsylvania or comparable out-of-state certificates can work up to 20 days per assignment without extra permits.
Extended Service for Inactive Certificates: Those with inactive certifications may substitute for up to 180 days per school year, doubling the previous limit.
Emergency Permits: Candidates without certification but holding a bachelor’s degree can obtain renewable one-year emergency permits to serve as day-to-day substitutes.
Retiree Employment Protections: Retired teachers can be rehired during shortages without impacting their pension annuities when filling emergency substitute roles.
Multiple Assignments Allowed: Substitutes may work across various assignments, provided no single placement exceeds 20 days unless a long-term permit is secured.
Temporary Roles for Prospective Teachers: Individuals who completed all but the PRAXIS exam can fill temporary and long-term substitute positions while awaiting certification.
Equal Rules for Online Teaching: Certification and assignment limits apply equally to online substitute teaching, with no separate legal distinctions.
Classroom Monitor Restrictions: Monitors may assist with pre-planned online work but cannot plan lessons or grade, and must meet basic education or paraprofessional requirements.

What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teaching in Pennsylvania opens doors to a variety of career advancement opportunities that can lead you toward a full-time role in education. By gaining hands-on experience and networking in schools, substitutes can position themselves for greater professional growth.

Becoming a Fully Certified Teacher: Many substitutes transition to full-time teaching by earning their Pennsylvania teaching certification, often supported by the experience gained on the job.
Educational Leadership Roles: With additional qualifications, substitutes can move into administrative or leadership positions within districts.
Specialized Instruction: Substitute teachers can focus on areas like special education or ESL, increasing their marketability and expertise.
Professional Development and Networking: Working as a substitute provides valuable connections and classroom experience that can lead to permanent teaching opportunities.

These advancement paths not only build on classroom experience but also reflect the mobility within the education system. The image below illustrates how many substitute teachers have transferred to other districts, highlighting the dynamic nature of career progression in Pennsylvania's school workforce.

For those aiming to deepen their qualifications, exploring the shortest doctor of education online degrees can be a strategic step toward career growth and full-time teaching opportunities for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania.

how many substitute teachers transitioned to teaching in other districts

What do substitute teachers in Pennsylvania say about their careers?

Completing the substitute teaching program at Cheltenham High School truly prepared me for the dynamic classroom environments across Pennsylvania. I appreciated the blend of theory and practical strategies that helped me adapt quickly to different grade levels and subjects. Starting my career as a substitute in a local school gave me the flexibility to explore various educational settings while building my confidence. The ability to contribute positively to students' daily learning experiences and support their growth is incredibly rewarding. Pennsylvania’s diverse communities have provided me with unique challenges that have enriched my teaching journey. - Jerry
After finishing my training at Central Dauphin High School, I found that substitute teaching was a perfect way to begin my career while continuing my professional development. The job stability and variety of assignments in Pennsylvania schools have allowed me to develop a broad skill set and stay engaged with students from many backgrounds. I especially value how this role fosters a genuine connection to the community and helps me make a meaningful impact on young learners’ lives. It’s been fulfilling to see how my efforts contribute to their academic and personal growth. - Thalia
My experience completing the substitute teacher program at Upper Merion Area High School was eye-opening and set a strong foundation for my work. Starting as a substitute teacher in a local school allowed me to navigate Pennsylvania’s educational landscape with confidence and adaptability. The role has challenged me to think creatively and meet diverse student needs, while also offering opportunities for career advancement within the state's robust educational system. I feel proud knowing that my work supports not only student success but also strengthens the community as a whole. - Shawn

Other Things to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Pennsylvania

Are online substitute teacher training programs in Pennsylvania legitimate?

Yes, online substitute teacher training programs in Pennsylvania are considered legitimate when they meet state guidelines. The American Board’s Substitute Teacher Certification is a well-known option accepted in multiple states, including Pennsylvania. It offers flexible coursework and practical training. Western Governors University (WGU) also provides structured modules aligned with state standards. Candidates should confirm district-specific requirements, but these programs are generally accepted and respected.

Is substitute teaching in Pennsylvania considered full-time employment?

Substitute teaching in Pennsylvania is not typically considered full-time work. Most substitutes are hired on an as-needed basis, resulting in irregular schedules and limited hours. Daily pay rates range from $100 to $130, with long-term roles offering slightly more. These positions usually lack benefits like health insurance or retirement plans. As such, substitute teaching is viewed as part-time or temporary employment across most districts.

What skills do you gain as a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teaching helps you build strong classroom management and adaptability skills. You learn to adjust to various subjects, grade levels, and school settings. Communication improves as you interact with students, teachers, and staff. The role also enhances your problem-solving and time management abilities. These experiences prepare you for full-time teaching or other careers in education.

Should you substitute teach before becoming a full-time teacher in Pennsylvania?

Yes, working as a substitute can be a helpful step before becoming a full-time teacher. It provides hands-on experience and helps you decide if teaching is the right path. Substituting also builds your skills and strengthens your resume. You can observe different teaching methods and gain insights into school operations. While it does not replace certification, it adds practical value to your preparation.