Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in Pennsylvania for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Becoming a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania offers a unique and fulfilling opportunity to make a meaningful impact on students’ lives while gaining valuable classroom experience. This role provides flexibility and a chance to explore different educational settings across the state.

Pennsylvania’s growing demand for qualified substitutes highlights the importance of this career path, as schools seek adaptable educators to maintain continuity in learning.

Pursuing a substitute teaching license here can open doors to long-term teaching opportunities. This article will guide you through the essential requirements and steps involved, empowering you to embark confidently on this rewarding educational journey.

Key Points About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Pennsylvania

To become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania, candidates must hold at least a bachelor’s degree and obtain a Substitute Teacher Permit through the Pennsylvania Department of Education.
The job outlook for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania is positive, driven by ongoing teacher shortages and increased demand for flexible, qualified educators in diverse school districts.
With an average salary around $15–$20 per hour, Pennsylvania offers competitive pay and valuable experience, making it an excellent state to launch a fulfilling substitute teaching career.

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?
What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in Pennsylvania?
How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Pennsylvania?
How do substitute teachers receive assignments in Pennsylvania districts?
Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in Pennsylvania?
How much do substitute teachers make in Pennsylvania?
What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?
What professional development opportunities are available for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?
What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in Pennsylvania?
What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?
What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?
How can substitute teachers advance their careers in Pennsylvania?
Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teaching Licenses & Requirements in Pennsylvania

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania?

Embarking on the journey to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania is a rewarding step toward making a meaningful impact in education. Understanding the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania is essential to prepare yourself for this vital role.

Whether you are a recent graduate or a seasoned professional exploring new opportunities, meeting the state’s standards will ensure you are equipped to support student success effectively.

Educational Qualification: Most substitute teaching positions require a bachelor’s degree or higher, or an equivalent foreign degree. Some districts also allow college students with at least 60 credits in a state-approved teacher preparation program to serve as substitutes.
Background Clearances: To protect students’ safety, candidates must complete comprehensive state-mandated background checks, including criminal history, child abuse, and FBI fingerprinting clearances.
Legal Authorization to Work: You must be a U.S. citizen or possess legal authorization such as a permanent resident immigrant visa to work as a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania.
Certification or Emergency Permit: Holders of valid Pennsylvania or out-of-state teaching certificates can substitute immediately. Others with a bachelor’s degree may obtain an Emergency Permit through their hiring district, valid for one year and renewable indefinitely.
Pre-Employment and Onboarding Training: Many districts require training in classroom management and mandated reporting, including Act 126 training on child abuse recognition. The Guest Teacher Program and other Intermediate Unit offerings provide valuable workshops for non-certified candidates.
District-Specific Procedures: Each Pennsylvania school district sets its own hiring and onboarding practices. It is important to contact your local district or staffing agency for detailed information about compensation, positions, and additional requirements.

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What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in Pennsylvania?

In Pennsylvania, there are several substitute teaching permits designed to accommodate varying levels of experience and qualifications. Understanding these options can help you find the best pathway to begin your substitute teaching journey effectively.

Emergency Permit: This permit allows individuals to substitute teach without holding a full teaching certification, provided they meet basic educational requirements. It’s ideal for those who want to start gaining classroom experience quickly while pursuing further credentials.
Professional Permit: Aimed at fully certified teachers, this permit enables experienced educators to substitute teach across schools. It requires possession of a valid Pennsylvania teaching certificate and is perfect for those who want to maintain active involvement in education on a flexible basis.
Temporary Permit: Intended for candidates actively working toward their full certification, this permit allows individuals to substitute teach while completing necessary coursework or requirements. It bridges the gap between initial training and full licensure.
Specialized Permit: Designed for professionals with expertise in specific fields, such as healthcare or technology, this permit enables teaching in specialized subjects. It opens doors for experts outside traditional education pathways to contribute their knowledge in classrooms.

The chart below complements this section by showing that 86% of substitute teacher jobs are in the education sector. This underscores why understanding Pennsylvania’s specific permit types is crucial—most opportunities lie within formal school systems, where proper credentials directly impact employability.

How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Pennsylvania?

Understanding how substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Pennsylvania is essential for maintaining eligibility to work in schools across the state. Whether you hold an emergency permit or a standard teaching certificate, knowing the renewal process helps you stay prepared and compliant with state requirements.

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Annual Renewal Notification: Renewal forms are typically emailed in June for permits like the Guest Teacher/Substitute Program. If you do not receive your notification, contact your local intermediate unit or school district promptly.
Online Emergency Permit Application: Substitute teachers with emergency permits must apply for renewal online through the Pennsylvania Department of Education’s Teacher Information Management System (TIMS), carefully following the TIMS Orientation guidelines.
Renewal Fee Payment: A $25 non-refundable fee is required when submitting your emergency permit renewal through TIMS to complete the application process.
Verification of Work and Clearances: If you taught in your preferred district last year and have no changes, updated background clearances and health documents are not necessary. Otherwise, you must provide clearances less than a year old and a TB test less than three months old.
Continuing Education for Certified Teachers: Certified substitutes must fulfill Act 48 requirements, completing six college credits, six in-service credits, or 180 continuing education hours every five years to renew their standard certificate.
Electronic Submission of Documents: Submit all renewal forms and supporting documents electronically to your employing district or intermediate unit, following their specific instructions carefully.
Confirmation and Follow-Up: After submission, confirm receipt and processing with your HR department to ensure your eligibility for substitute assignments in the upcoming school year.

How do substitute teachers receive assignments in Pennsylvania districts?

As you embark on your journey to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania, understanding how assignments are distributed will empower you to navigate the system with confidence. Each district operates uniquely, blending technology and personal connections to offer opportunities.

Here are key points to guide you through the process of receiving assignments:

Centralized and District-Specific Systems: Each Pennsylvania district manages its own substitute assignment procedures, requiring substitutes to register directly with the district or its designated management provider to access available jobs.
Automated Placement Technology: Many districts use platforms like Frontline Absence & Time (formerly Aesop) or Kelly Educational Staffing, notifying substitutes of openings via email, phone, texts, or apps, enabling real-time job acceptance.
Preferred Substitute Lists and Priority Access: Some districts maintain preferred lists granting experienced or certified substitutes early or exclusive assignment notifications, enhancing chances for consistent work.
Direct Communication in Smaller Districts: Rural or smaller districts may assign substitutes through personal outreach by school staff, fostering relationships but often lacking the immediacy of digital systems.
Regional Variations: Urban and suburban areas tend to rely on automated platforms for efficiency, while rural districts often use manual, relationship-driven methods due to smaller substitute pools.
Assignment Limits for Emergency Permits: Substitutes working under permits like the Type 06 Day-to-Day Emergency Permit face limits, typically capped at 20 consecutive days in one position to comply with state regulations.
Orientation and Onboarding Requirements: New substitutes usually must complete orientation, background checks, and training on district policies and technology before receiving assignments, ensuring preparedness for classroom responsibilities.

Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teaching in Pennsylvania can open doors to full-time teaching careers by offering valuable classroom experience and networking opportunities. Many districts view substitute teachers as promising candidates when full-time positions arise, making this an effective way to establish oneself in the education system.

Gaining Practical Experience: Long-term substitute assignments allow educators to engage fully in classroom management and lesson delivery, helping them demonstrate their teaching abilities and adaptability.
Building Connections: Working closely with school staff and administrators enables substitutes to develop professional relationships that can lead to positive recommendations and increased hiring prospects.
Proving Reliability: Regularly accepting assignments and performing well makes substitutes visible and trustworthy to district leaders, who often prioritize these individuals when filling vacancies.
Maintaining Clearances: Substitutes must keep up-to-date FBI and state background checks, including child abuse clearances, which are also required for full-time teaching roles.
Securing Certification: A full-time teaching job demands an active Level I or Level II teaching certificate from the Pennsylvania Department of Education, even though emergency permits may suffice for substitute work.
Applying for Openings: Substitute teachers should actively pursue permanent positions within their districts, leveraging their substitute experience to strengthen their applications.

A substitute teacher from Pennsylvania shared how the journey from substitute to full-time educator was both challenging and rewarding. “At first, it felt like I was just filling in, but every day in the classroom was a chance to prove myself,” he reflected. Navigating the certification process while juggling daily assignments required persistence and patience, with moments of uncertainty waiting for clearances and credentials.

Building strong relationships with principals and staff made all the difference. “Those connections turned into recommendations that truly opened doors,” he said. His story shows how dedication and strategic effort in substitute teaching can lead to a permanent position. This experience is echoed by the image below, which illustrates the large number of substitutes nationwide and how many, like in Pennsylvania, eventually step into full-time roles.

Employment of substitute teachers in the United States.

How much do substitute teachers make in Pennsylvania?

Understanding the substitute teacher license and requirements in Pennsylvania is essential for those exploring this rewarding career path. Substitute teachers in the state earn an average hourly wage ranging from $20.36 to $20.98, with annual salaries typically falling between $42,346 and $54,265 depending on assignment type and district.

Knowing how much do substitute teachers make in Pennsylvania helps you set realistic expectations and plan your career growth.

Credential Type: Substitute teachers with full teaching credentials or advanced certifications generally receive higher pay than those holding emergency certifications or basic permits. Districts often reward substitutes who are qualified in high-demand subjects with better compensation.
Assignment Length: Short-term substitutes are usually paid hourly or per diem, while long-term substitutes filling in for several weeks or months may earn a salary closer to full-time teachers, sometimes with added benefits and incremental pay increases.
District Policies: Each school district sets its own pay rates, meaning urban areas like Philadelphia typically offer higher wages—about $20.67 per hour—compared to rural districts, and may include bonuses or stipends for challenging assignments.
Location Differences: Salaries vary widely across regions; larger cities and high-demand areas pay more to attract qualified substitutes, whereas rural or economically challenged districts tend to offer lower rates.

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What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?

The job outlook for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania remains robust as the state faces ongoing challenges in staffing classrooms. Understanding the demand can help prospective educators and graduates prepare effectively for opportunities in this vital role.

Urban Centers (Philadelphia): Philadelphia struggles with acute shortages of certified teachers, resulting in high reliance on substitutes and emergency certifications due to high turnover and comparatively low salaries.
Rural School Districts: These areas face intensified shortages caused by limited local hiring pools and long commutes, making substitutes essential for covering both short- and long-term teacher absences.
Low-Income and Underfunded Districts: Financial constraints lead these districts to use emergency permits for substitutes with minimal qualifications, as they battle chronic absenteeism and elevated teacher attrition rates.
Statewide Increase in Substitute Flexibility: Legislative changes now allow individuals with inactive certifications, prospective teachers, and students in teacher preparation programs to serve as substitutes, easing staffing pressures.
Declining Teacher Certification Rates: With a 60% drop in new teaching certificates since 2010-11, the substitute teacher employment trends Pennsylvania shows a growing dependence on substitutes to fill vacancies.

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The chart below highlights the global teacher shortage, with millions of hires needed by 2030—underscoring how Pennsylvania’s staffing challenges reflect a broader international trend. As demand rises worldwide, substitute teachers are playing an increasingly vital role in sustaining education systems under pressure.

What professional development opportunities are available for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?

Ongoing professional development remains an essential resource for substitute teachers seeking to enhance classroom management strategies and instructional skills. Various local education agencies and school districts offer targeted workshops, online modules, and mentoring programs designed to address the unique challenges of temporary teaching roles. These initiatives support continuous improvement, helping substitutes stay abreast of evolving state and district standards along with emerging teaching methodologies. Exploring the different types of teaching certifications and requirements in Pennsylvania can further facilitate credential advancement and career growth within the education field.

What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teachers in Pennsylvania carry a vital responsibility to uphold ethical standards that foster a safe, respectful, and inclusive learning environment. These expectations align with the Pennsylvania Code of Professional Practice and Conduct, which guides educators in maintaining professionalism and integrity.

Embracing these standards helps substitutes build trust with students and colleagues while supporting the overall mission of education.

Student Safety and Respect: Substitute teachers must take all reasonable steps to protect students from harm, maintaining clear professional boundaries and avoiding any form of misconduct or harassment.
Confidentiality and Professional Integrity: Handling sensitive student information discreetly is essential, ensuring privacy is respected in all educational interactions.
Creating Inclusive Classrooms: Substitutes should foster an environment free from discrimination, where every student feels welcomed and valued regardless of background.
Compliance with District Policies: Following local school rules on classroom management, student behavior, and reporting is crucial for consistent and effective educational practices.
Avoiding Conflicts of Interest: Substitute teachers must steer clear of situations that could impair their impartiality or professional judgment, preserving the integrity of their role.

In Pennsylvania, strong ethical principles are upheld through state regulations and the Educator Discipline System, which holds educators accountable for their conduct. Substitute teachers must pass background checks and demonstrate good moral character, reflecting the state’s commitment to student welfare and safe learning environments.

A substitute teacher who primarily covers high school math shared that, “The challenge lies in quickly adapting to different classroom dynamics while upholding these standards.” She described handling sensitive situations like addressing bullying and maintaining confidentiality, emphasizing that “professionalism builds respect instantly.” Her experience shows how ethical conduct is not just required but deeply meaningful, offering substitutes a chance to positively impact students’ lives every day.

What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?

Exploring the benefits and incentives available to substitute teachers in Pennsylvania reveals why this role can be both rewarding and practical. Whether you are a student, a recent graduate, or a seasoned professional considering a career shift, understanding these perks can help you make an informed decision.

The substitute teacher perks in Pennsylvania extend beyond just competitive pay—they offer flexibility, growth opportunities, and unique advantages that align with diverse lifestyles and career goals.

Flexible Schedules: Substitute teachers enjoy the freedom to choose their working days and locations, making it an ideal role for those balancing education, family, or other commitments.
Daily or Long-term Assignment Options: Many school districts provide the choice between short-term daily assignments and longer-term placements, allowing substitutes to tailor their engagement based on personal preferences and availability.
Professional Development Opportunities: Some districts offer access to workshops and training sessions, helping substitutes sharpen their skills and stay current with educational best practices.
Access to Retirement Plans: For substitutes who maintain regular work, certain districts enable participation in retirement plans, supporting long-term financial security.
Unique Pension Protections for Retirees: Retired educators in Pennsylvania have a special advantage: they can return as substitutes without risking their pensions if their district has pre-approval from the Public School Employees' Retirement System (PSERS).
Potential Health Benefits: Although not universally available, consistent substitute work may grant access to health benefits through district policies, depending on the school system.

In addition to these benefits, it’s important to consider the financial aspect—substitute teachers in Pennsylvania earn an average salary of about $42,346 annually, though this can vary based on experience and location.

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What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teaching in Pennsylvania presents a unique set of challenges that test both the professionalism and resilience of educators stepping into these vital roles. Understanding these common obstacles can help aspiring substitutes prepare effectively and navigate the demands of the job with confidence.

Below are key difficulties frequently encountered by substitute teachers within the state’s educational landscape.

Inconsistent Scheduling: Assignments are often unpredictable, with last-minute cancellations or short-notice calls making it hard to maintain steady income or personal balance, a frustration echoed across many Pennsylvania districts.
Lack of Training and Support: Despite legislative efforts to expand the substitute pool, many educators receive minimal orientation or ongoing professional development, leaving them underprepared for classroom demands.
Classroom Management Challenges: Managing unfamiliar students and enforcing discipline can be difficult without established authority or clear tools, especially since Pennsylvania law stresses maintaining good moral character as part of the role.
Limited Benefits: Most substitutes do not qualify for health insurance, retirement plans, or paid leave, making long-term commitment to substitute teaching less feasible in districts already struggling with shortages.
Increased Workloads Due to Staffing Shortages: Legislative changes have allowed substitutes to work more days and fill roles longer, but this often leads to overextension and assignments beyond their expertise.
Student Teacher Restrictions: Those still in student teaching face stricter limits, such as a 10-day cap on substituting in their own classrooms, which can hinder gaining additional experience and income.
Administrative Burdens: Maintaining accurate records for credentials and compliance is demanding, especially for substitutes juggling multiple districts or short-term placements.
Ethical Dilemmas in Role Flexibility: Substitutes are sometimes asked to cover subjects outside their certification, raising concerns about preparedness, as state law limits such assignments without additional permits.

The image below underscores a major challenge that only a small portion of substitute teachers receive ongoing professional development after they begin teaching. This lack of continued training adds to the hurdles substitutes face, highlighting the need for better support systems across Pennsylvania’s school districts.

Percent of subsitute teahers who receive ongoing professional development after they start.

How can substitute teachers advance their careers in Pennsylvania?

Substitute teachers seeking long-term career growth are encouraged to explore targeted professional development programs, advanced certifications, and mentorship opportunities that align with their career ambitions. By participating in specialized training, educators can position themselves for transitions into full‐time roles or leadership positions within school districts. Networking through local educational associations and leveraging continuing education initiatives are practical strategies for enhancing career prospects. Additionally, educators interested in broadening their qualifications can review how to become a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania for insights on progressing from temporary assignments to permanent roles.

What Substitute Teachers in Pennsylvania Say About Their Careers

Working as a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania has given me incredible flexibility to manage my schedule around family commitments. The average salaries here are quite competitive, which makes balancing work and life much easier. I genuinely feel valued in this role. Mely
Starting as a substitute teacher opened doors I never expected; Pennsylvania offers clear pathways for advancement into full-time teaching positions. It’s rewarding to see how this job can evolve into a lasting career. The stability and growth opportunities keep me motivated every day. Peter
Pennsylvania’s professional development programs for substitute teachers have been a game-changer for me. The training sessions and workshops not only enhance my skills but also boost my confidence in the classroom. It’s fulfilling to keep learning and improving while making a difference in students’ lives. Jenna

Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teaching Licenses & Requirements in Pennsylvania

Is substitute teaching in Pennsylvania a good career option?

Becoming a substitute teacher in Pennsylvania offers a practical entry point into the education field with flexible work hours and the opportunity to gain classroom experience across diverse settings.

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, substitute teachers must uphold professional and ethical standards equivalent to full-time educators, including maintaining student confidentiality, fostering a respectful learning environment, and adhering to district policies.

The role benefits those seeking part-time employment or supplemental income, as well as individuals exploring teaching as a long-term career. Labor market data indicates steady demand for substitutes due to teacher absences and expanding school enrollments, making it a viable option for recent graduates and career changers aiming to establish themselves in education while contributing positively to student learning outcomes.

Can substitute teachers work in special education classrooms in Pennsylvania?

In Pennsylvania, substitute teachers can work in special education classrooms; however, there are specific requirements and considerations. School districts often prefer or require substitutes assigned to special education settings to have prior experience or specialized training in special education due to the unique needs of these students.

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, while a standard substitute teaching license permits service in general education classrooms, districts may impose additional qualifications for special education roles to ensure appropriate support and compliance with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). Consequently, substitutes without relevant background may have limited opportunities in special education classrooms, as districts prioritize qualified personnel to maintain educational quality and student safety.

Can you substitute teach at multiple school types in Pennsylvania with one permit?

In Pennsylvania, substitute teachers cannot use a single permit to work across multiple types of schools, such as public, private, and charter schools. Each school category often requires specific certification or approval aligned with its governing regulations. This limitation exists because the state’s substitute teaching permits are tailored to particular educational sectors to ensure compliance with their unique standards and policies.

Therefore, even if a substitute teacher holds a valid permit, it typically applies only within the context of the issuing authority’s school type, restricting cross-placement without obtaining additional credentials or approvals.

How do substitute teachers in Pennsylvania handle student behavior issues?

Substitute teachers in Pennsylvania play a key role in maintaining classroom order by following the behavior management plans set by the regular teacher and school district. They handle minor issues through verbal warnings, seating changes, or strategies outlined in lesson plans, but usually have limited authority for formal disciplinary actions like detention or contacting parents.

The Pennsylvania Department of Education advises substitutes to document serious incidents and report them to administrators or the regular teacher to ensure consistency in discipline. Many districts also offer training on classroom management and de-escalation, helping substitutes maintain a safe, respectful environment while working within their temporary role.