Dental Assistant vs. Dental Hygienist: Explaining the Difference for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Working in the healthcare industry can provide individuals with fulfilling and profitable careers. In May 2024, healthcare practitioners and technical occupations in the United States (US), including dental hygienists, had a median annual wage ($83,090) that is almost 68% higher than that of all occupations in the country ($49,500). Notably, healthcare support roles, including dental assistants, had a lower 2024 median annual wage ($37,180) [US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2025] than that of all US occupations. The occupational groups that dental assistants and dental hygienists belong to and their median annual wages may preface the stark differences between the professional roles of dental assistants and dental hygienists.

To help aspiring healthcare workers in the field of dentistry start their careers, I created this deep-dive into the differences between a dental assistant and a dental hygienist. Explore this guide to learn more about main duties, academic requirements, licensure requirements, and income potential.

Key Points of Choosing Between Becoming a Dental Assistant vs. Dental Hygienist

• Job Outlook: Both careers are growing, but dental hygienists typically have slightly stronger long-term prospects. Dental assistants may find entry-level jobs faster due to shorter training requirements.
• Salary: Dental hygienists typically earn more, with a median annual wage around $83,090 in 2023, compared to $37,180 for dental assistants.
• Nature of the Job: Dental assistants support dentists with procedures and office tasks, while dental hygienists work more independently, focusing on cleanings, exams, and patient education.

Table of Contents

1. What are the primary duties of a dental assistant and a dental hygienist?
2. What education is needed to become a dental assistant and a dental hygienist?
3. What skills are needed to succeed as a dental assistant and a dental hygienist?
4. Which is cheaper: dental assisting or dental hygiene school?
5. Do dental assistants need to be licensed in every state?
6. What are the licensure requirements for dental hygienists?
7. Who makes more money: dental assistants or dental hygienists?
8. Where do dental assistants and dental hygienists typically work?
9. How do you choose between becoming a dental assistant or dental hygienist?
10. Can dental professionals explore opportunities in sports management?
11. Which career has better work-life balance?
12. What are the future career advancement opportunities for dental professionals?
13. How Can Public Health Education Complement a Dental Career?
14. How Can Dental Professionals Transition into Healthcare Management Roles?
15. Other Things You Should Know about Dental Assistants and Dental Hygienists

What are the primary duties of a dental assistant and a dental hygienist?

While dental assistants and dental hygienists both play essential roles in dental offices, their day-to-day duties differ significantly in focus and scope.

Dental assistants are primarily responsible for supporting the dentist and ensuring that the clinical environment runs smoothly. Their key duties include the following:

• Chair Side Assistance: Dental assistants help the dentist during procedures by handing instruments, suctioning, and ensuring patient comfort throughout the treatment.
• Sterilization and Preparation: They sterilize instruments and prepare treatment rooms before and after procedures to maintain a clean, safe environment.
• Administrative Support: Dental assistants often manage patient records, schedule appointments, and handle billing and insurance paperwork.

In contrast, dental hygienists focus on preventive dental care and patient education. Their core responsibilities include the following:

• Teeth Cleaning and Polishing: Hygienists perform professional cleanings to remove plaque, tartar, and stains from teeth.
• Patient Screening and Assessment: They examine patients for signs of oral disease, take X-rays, and document oral health conditions.
• Oral Health Education: Hygienists teach patients how to maintain proper oral hygiene through brushing, flossing, and dietary habits.

Just as it’s important to understand the distinct roles in dental care, grasping the differences in the chiropractor vs physical therapist professions helps patients and aspiring healthcare workers choose the best path for their needs and interests.

What education is needed to become a dental assistant and a dental hygienist?

The education paths for dental assistants and dental hygienists differ in length and depth, which may reflect the responsibilities of each role.

Dental assistants usually complete a diploma or certificate program, which can take about 9 to 12 months. Some states allow on-the-job training, but formal education often includes coursework in dental anatomy, chairside assisting, and infection control. Certification through the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB) may be required or preferred by the state.

Dental hygienists must complete an associate degree in dental hygiene, which usually takes about 2 to 3 years. The dental hygienist program length is longer due to the combination of classroom instruction and hands-on clinical experience in essential areas, including radiography, periodontics, and pharmacology. Most states require dental hygienists to pass the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) and obtain licensure to practice.

What skills are needed to succeed as a dental assistant and a dental hygienist?

Both dental assistants and dental hygienists need strong interpersonal and technical skills, but the specific competencies differ based on their roles.

Dental assistants must develop excellent organizational and multitasking abilities to manage administrative tasks and support the dentist during procedures. Manual dexterity is also key, as they handle small instruments in fast-paced settings. Strong communication skills help them reassure patients and relay information between the dentist and the patient effectively.

Dental hygienists require strong attention to detail to assess oral health and detect early signs of disease. Fine motor skills are critical for performing cleanings and other preventive care procedures. Moreover, educational and motivational skills are essential, as hygienists spend significant time teaching patients about oral hygiene and health maintenance.

Just as understanding community health worker qualifications is important for those pursuing roles in broader public health, mastering these skills helps dental professionals succeed in their distinct but equally vital careers.

Both careers demand empathy, professionalism, and a commitment to patient care, but hygienists usually operate with greater autonomy and clinical focus.

Which is cheaper: dental assisting or dental hygiene school?

In general, dental assisting programs are significantly cheaper than dental hygiene programs. Aspiring dental assistants can get their education and training through certificate programs, diploma programs, or higher-level programs. Dental assisting programs may cost between $6,000 and $11,416 depending on whether it is a certificate or diploma program and whether the school is public or private. These programs are also considered among short medical programs that pay well, offering a relatively quick entry into the healthcare field with competitive wages.

Explore the following dental assisting programs and their costs:

• Ivy Tech Community College [Associate of Applied Science (AAS) in Dental Assisting]: $11,416
• Ivy Tech Community College (Long-term Certificate in Dental Assisting): $7,670
• Truckee Meadows Community College (Certificate or AAS in Dental Assisting): $7,350
• Boston University (Dental Assisting Training Program): $6,000

In contrast, dental hygiene programs can range from $30,000 to $77,000, especially if pursued through community colleges or universities offering associate or bachelor’s degrees. Explore the following dental hygiene programs and their costs:

• College of DuPage: $30,347.46
• University of the Pacific: $58,844 to $76,390

Several factors influence tuition costs, including program length, school type, students’ residency status, and whether the program includes clinical training and board exam preparation. Financial aid options and location can also impact overall cost. While dental assisting is more affordable and quicker to complete, dental hygiene offers higher earning potential, which may offset the higher upfront investment over time.

The chart below provides a visualization of the cost of dental assisting certificate programs in the US, according to current tuition data from our featured academic institutions.

Do dental assistants need to be licensed in every state?

Not all US states require dental assistants to have prior dental assisting education and training as well as a dental assisting license to practice legally. Notably, some states that allow unlicensed dental assistants require certifications for these healthcare workers to be employable or to perform procedures within the scope of their practice.

For instance, California employs both registered dental assistants (RDAs) and unlicensed dental assistants. However, the state emphasizes that unlicensed dental assistants must have completed required board-approved courses and must be certified in essential areas of responsibilities, including basic life support (BLS), infection control, and radiation safety.

Another example is the state of Alaska, wherein dental assistants need a certificate in coronal polishing to perform the procedure under the direct supervision of a licensed dentist.

Other states require a dental assistant to complete an accredited certificate, diploma, or associate’s degree program and to pass the RDA or certified dental assistant (CDA) examination. Because education and employment regulations for dental assistants may differ and change from state to state, aspirants and currently practicing dental assistants must regularly check state requirements to ensure that they are consistently qualified to practice legally.

What are the licensure requirements for dental hygienists?

Unlike dental assistants, dental hygienists in all states must obtain licensure. Requirements vary slightly by state, but generally include the following:

• Completion of an Accredited Dental Hygiene Program: Candidates must graduate from a program accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA), which includes both classroom and clinical training.
• Passing the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE): This written examination assesses a candidate’s knowledge of dental hygiene theory, clinical procedures, and public health.
• State or Regional Clinical Examination: Most states require passing a hands-on clinical examination administered by regional testing agencies to evaluate practical skills and patient care competence.

Similar to the steps to becoming a certified nursing assistant, pursuing licensure as a dental hygienist involves formal education, examination, and meeting specific state requirements to ensure readiness for patient care responsibilities.

Who makes more money: dental assistants or dental hygienists?

In 2024, dental hygienists in the US earned a median annual wage of $94,260, which is nearly double the $47,300 median wage for dental assistants (US BLS, 2025). During my research for this guide, I found that the difference in earning potential is influenced by several key factors, such as the following:

• Education Level: Dental hygienists complete more extensive training, usually earning an associate or bachelor's degree. In contrast, dental assistants often complete shorter certificate or diploma programs.
• Licensure and Clinical Responsibilities: Hygienists are licensed to perform clinical procedures, such as cleanings and oral health assessments. These clinical duties require more skill and responsibility than the supportive tasks dental assistants handle.
• Autonomy and Scope of Practice: Dental hygienists often work more independently and provide direct patient care, increasing their value within the dental team.
• Job Demand and Specialization: The demand for preventive care and specialized dental services often boosts hygienist salaries, while assistants typically have less opportunity for specialization.

While not on par with what medical degree makes the most money, dental hygiene still offers strong income potential relative to its educational requirements.

Where do dental assistants and dental hygienists typically work?

In 2024, both dental assistants and dental hygienists primarily found employment in private dental offices, but they also worked across various healthcare settings:​

• Offices of Dentists: This was the largest employer for both roles. Dental assistants (343,660 employed) and dental hygienists (207,560 employed) performed clinical and administrative tasks in general and specialty dental practices. 
• Offices of Physicians: Some dental assistants (7,850 employed) and hygienists (2,390 employed) worked in medical offices, supporting oral health services within broader healthcare practices. ​
• Outpatient Care Centers: These facilities employed dental assistants (6,720 employed) and hygienists (2,120 employed) to provide preventive and routine dental care outside of hospital settings. ​
• Federal Executive Branch: Government agencies employed dental assistants (3,460 employed) and hygienists (910 employed) to deliver dental services to specific populations. 
• Employment Services: Staffing agencies placed dental assistants (3,340 employed) and hygienists (2,610 employed) in temporary or contract positions across various healthcare settings.

For those exploring options beyond clinical roles, health informatics careers offer an alternative pathway within healthcare that combines technology and patient care data management.

The chart below provides a visualization of the 2024 employment levels of dental assistants and dental hygienists in the industries that employed the largest shares of these professionals in the US, according to 2025 data from the US BLS.

How do you choose between becoming a dental assistant or dental hygienist?

Aspiring dental professionals should consider several key factors when deciding between becoming a dental assistant or a dental hygienist. The following are three important criteria to guide your choice:

• Education and Time Commitment: Dental assisting programs usually take less than a year, while dental hygiene programs require 2 to 3 years of education and licensure. This is similar to the amount of time spent on affordable online medical assistant programs. As such, consider how much time and effort you are willing to invest in schooling.
• Job Responsibilities and Interest Areas: If you enjoy a supportive, fast-paced role with a mix of administrative and clinical tasks, dental assisting may be a better fit. If you are more interested in direct patient care and preventive treatment, dental hygiene may be more fulfilling. Just as those interested in geriatrics and gerontology pursue specialized education to work with aging populations, dental professionals must weigh the depth of training they want for their career goals.
• Salary and Career Advancement: Dental hygienists generally earn higher salaries and have more opportunities for advancement. However, dental assisting can offer a quicker entry into the field with flexible career paths.

Can dental professionals explore opportunities in sports management?

Dental professionals can leverage their clinical expertise and patient management skills to enter roles that intersect with sports medicine and management. For example, working with athletic teams, sports clinics, or wellness centers can benefit from familiarity with preventive care and health education. Supplementing dental credentials with management training, such as pursuing an affordable sports management bachelor's degree online, can facilitate a transition into positions that demand both clinical insight and strategic oversight.

Which career has better work-life balance?

When it comes to work-life balance, dental hygienists often enjoy more flexibility than dental assistants. Hygienists can work part-time or set schedules, allowing greater control over their hours. Many work only a few days a week or split time between multiple offices.

In contrast, dental assistants usually work full-time with less flexibility. They are essential to keeping the dental office running smoothly throughout the day.

However, work-life balance can also depend on the specific employer, workplace demands, and personal preferences. For example, some may compare this to the certified nursing assistant career path, where similar trade-offs exist between flexibility, responsibility, and workplace setting.

Overall, those seeking more predictable hours and autonomy may find dental hygiene offers a better work-life balance, while dental assisting may suit individuals comfortable with a steady, structured schedule.

What are the future career advancement opportunities for dental professionals?

Industry trends indicate sustained demand for dental assistants and dental hygienists as preventive care and technological integration continue to reshape dental practices. Advancements in digital imaging, patient management systems, and evolving treatment methodologies are expanding the scope of responsibilities and opening pathways for specialized clinical roles and leadership positions. Additionally, pursuing further education—such as practice management certifications or exploring opportunities through accredited billing and coding programs—can enable professionals to bridge clinical expertise with administrative acumen. Such diversification not only enhances job stability but also positions dental professionals for long-term career growth in competitive healthcare settings.

How Can Public Health Education Complement a Dental Career?

Integrating public health education into dental practice equips professionals with strategies to address community-level oral health challenges and reduce care disparities. This approach enhances capabilities in preventive care, policy development, and community outreach, ultimately expanding the scope of dental practice. For those seeking further academic advancement, exploring cheapest MPH programs online may serve as a cost-effective pathway to gain interdisciplinary expertise and bolster leadership in evolving healthcare settings.

How Can Dental Professionals Transition into Healthcare Management Roles?

Dental professionals can advance into leadership by building on their clinical expertise and pursuing advanced training in business or healthcare management. Focusing on competencies such as strategic planning, financial acumen, and operational oversight enables a seamless transition from direct care to management roles. Specialized certifications and graduate-level programs further enhance eligibility for positions that involve team leadership, practice management, and broader institutional responsibilities. Gaining insight into healthcare administration jobs can open doors to roles that drive decision-making and improve service delivery.

Key Findings

• Dental assisting programs typically take about 9 to 12 months to complete. Meanwhile dental hygiene associate degree programs usually take about 2 to 3 years to complete.
• Dental assisting programs cost approximately $6,000 to $11,416, depending on the program and institution. On the other hand, dental hygiene programs can range from $30,000 to $77,000.
• Dental hygienists had a median annual wage of $94,260, while dental assistants earned $47,300.
• In 2024, about 343,660 dental assistants and 207,560 dental hygienists were employed in offices of dentists.

Other Things You Should Know about Dental Assistants and Dental Hygienists

What is the hardest part of being a dental assistant?

The hardest part of being a dental assistant is managing the physical demands, such as standing for long periods and maintaining unusual positions. Moreover, working in a fast-paced environment while supporting both patients and dentists can be mentally and emotionally challenging.

What is the most important part of the role of a dental assistant?

The most important part of a dental assistant’s role is supporting the dentist during procedures while ensuring patient comfort and safety. They play a key part in maintaining a sterile environment, managing tools, and facilitating effective communication between patients and the dental team for efficient care.

What is the difference between a dentist and a hygienist?

The main difference between a dentist and a dental hygienist lies in their responsibilities and education. Dentists diagnose and treat oral health issues, perform surgeries, and create treatment plans. Meanwhile, hygienists focus on preventive care, including cleaning teeth, taking X-rays, and educating patients on oral hygiene.

Can a dental hygienist do whitening?

Dental hygienists can perform teeth whitening procedures, depending on state regulations. They usually apply whitening agents under a dentist’s supervision as part of cosmetic treatments. However, the scope of what they can do may vary by state licensing laws and practice settings.

References:

• National Center for Education Statistics. (2024, May). Undergraduate Degree Fields. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cta
• US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, April 18). Dental Assistants. Occupational Outlook Handbook. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-assistants.htm
• US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, April 18). Dental Hygienist. Occupational Outlook Handbook. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/dental-hygienists.htm
• US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, April 18). Healthcare Occupations. Occupational Outlook Handbook. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/home.htm
• US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025). May 2024 OEWS Profiles. Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Profiles. https://data.bls.gov/oesprofile