What is a CNA: Salary & Career Paths for 2025
Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist
Choosing a career in healthcare can be overwhelming, especially when trying to understand the different roles, salaries, and career paths available. One of the most accessible and in-demand healthcare positions is that of a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA). According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were approximately 1.4 million CNAs employed in the United States in 2024.
Many aspiring healthcare professionals struggle to find clear, up-to-date information about CNA training, salaries, job outlook, and advancement opportunities. In this guide, our researchers discussed everything you need to know—from CNA job duties and salaries by state to career progression opportunities like becoming an LPN or RN. By the end, you will have a clear roadmap to determine whether becoming a CNA is the right path for you and how to maximize your success in the field.
Key things you should know about being a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)
- CNAs provide essential support to nurses by assisting patients with daily activities like bathing, feeding, and mobility in hospitals, nursing homes, and home healthcare settings.
- Becoming a CNA requires minimal training (typically 4–12 weeks), making it one of the fastest ways to start a career in healthcare with opportunities for advancement.
- The average CNA salary in the U.S. is around $38,130 per year, with higher pay in hospitals and certain states, and strong job demand due to the growing aging population.
Table of Contents
- What does a certified nursing assistant (CNA) do on a daily basis?
- How much is the average salary for CNAs?
- How is a CNA different from a nurse or medical assistant?
- What are the key skills a CNA requires to work in a hospital or nursing home?
- What are the different career paths for CNAs?
- How long does it take to complete CNA training and certification?
- What are the CNA certification requirements in 2025?
- How can CNAs transition to advanced practice roles?
- What continuing education requirements do CNAs have?
- Is there a high demand for CNAs in the healthcare industry?
- Is becoming a CNA worth it if you want to be a nurse?
- What benefits do accelerated RN to NP programs online offer for career advancement?
- How can online BSN programs help expedite the transition from CNA to RN?
- How can CNAs select the most effective advanced education programs?
- How can CNAs transition into mental health nursing roles?
- How can CNAs fund advanced education without financial strain?
- Other things you should know about being a CNA
What does a certified nursing assistant (CNA) do on a daily basis?
A CNA plays a crucial role in patient care by assisting with daily activities and supporting nurses in medical settings. Their daily tasks typically include:
- Assisting with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) – CNAs help patients with essential tasks such as bathing, dressing, grooming, and toileting to maintain their hygiene and comfort. Assisting with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) means that CNAs also provide assistance to those who have mobility issues or are unable to complete these tasks independently.
- Feeding and Nutrition Support – CNAs serve meals to patients and assist those who have difficulty eating due to physical limitations or medical conditions. They may also monitor and record food and fluid intake to ensure patients receive proper nutrition.
- Mobility and Transfers – Many patients require help moving from beds to wheelchairs, repositioning to prevent bedsores, or walking safely. CNAs use proper body mechanics and lifting techniques to assist patients while preventing injuries.
- Vital Signs Monitoring – CNAs regularly check and record patients' vital signs, such as blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and respiration rate. They report any abnormalities to nurses or doctors to ensure timely medical intervention.
- Emotional and Social Support – Beyond physical care, CNAs provide companionship and reassurance to patients who may feel lonely, anxious, or distressed. They engage in conversations, offer comfort, and help create a positive and supportive environment.
How much is the average salary for CNAs?
The average salary for Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) in the United States typically ranges between $30,000 and $40,000 per year, with an hourly wage of around $14 to $20, depending on various factors. According to recent data, the national average salary for CNAs is approximately $36,830 annually, but this can fluctuate based on location, experience, and work setting. While these figures are definitely lower than how much does a BSN nurse make, working as a CNA can be a valuable first step in a healthcare career.
Several key factors influence a CNA’s salary, including geographic location, experience level, workplace setting, and additional certifications. CNAs working in hospitals generally earn higher wages compared to those in nursing homes or home healthcare, as hospital jobs often come with additional responsibilities and a faster-paced environment. Additionally, CNAs who work night shifts, weekends, or overtime may earn more due to shift differentials.
How is a CNA different from a nurse or medical assistant?
A CNA, a nurse, and a medical assistant (MA) all play essential roles in healthcare, but they have different responsibilities, education requirements, and career paths. CNAs primarily provide hands-on patient care under the supervision of nurses, assisting with daily living activities such as bathing, feeding, and mobility. In contrast, nurses (LPNs and RNs) have more advanced medical training and are responsible for administering medications, developing care plans, and making clinical decisions. Medical assistants, on the other hand, focus on both administrative and clinical tasks, such as scheduling appointments, taking patient histories, and assisting with minor medical procedures in outpatient settings.
Another key difference is the training and certification process. Becoming a CNA requires a short training program (4–12 weeks) and passing a state certification exam, making it one of the fastest ways to enter the healthcare field. Medical assistants typically complete a 9-month to 2-year program and may obtain certification, though it is not always required. Nurses (LPNs and RNs) undergo more extensive education, with LPN programs taking about a year and RN programs requiring two to four years of nursing school plus licensure exams. For those looking for flexible education options, many medical degrees online provide pathways to enter or advance in the healthcare field while balancing work and personal commitments.
What are the key skills a CNA requires to work in a hospital or nursing home?
CNAs need a combination of technical and interpersonal skills to provide quality patient care in hospitals and nursing homes. Some of the key skills include:
- Patient Care Skills – CNAs must be proficient in assisting with daily living activities such as bathing, dressing, feeding, and mobility support. They should also know how to properly transfer and reposition patients to prevent discomfort and bedsores.
- Vital Signs Monitoring – A fundamental skill for CNAs is the ability to measure and record blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respiration rates accurately. Recognizing abnormal readings and reporting them to nurses is crucial for patient safety.
- Infection Control & Hygiene – CNAs must follow strict hygiene and sanitation protocols to prevent infections and maintain a clean healthcare environment. This includes proper handwashing, disinfecting surfaces, and safely handling soiled linens or medical waste.
- Communication & Interpersonal Skills – Since CNAs interact with patients, families, and healthcare teams daily, strong verbal and nonverbal communication skills are essential. They must be able to listen to patient concerns, provide emotional support, and effectively relay information to nurses and doctors.
- Time Management & Multitasking – Working in a fast-paced hospital or nursing home setting requires CNAs to manage multiple patient needs at once. They must prioritize tasks, respond to call lights promptly and complete their duties efficiently.
- Compassion & Empathy – CNAs work closely with vulnerable patients who may be elderly, sick, or in distress. A caring and patient attitude is essential to providing comfort, emotional support, and respectful care.
- Teamwork & Collaboration – CNAs are part of a larger healthcare team and must work well with nurses, doctors, and other medical staff. They need to follow instructions, assist in procedures, and communicate patient needs effectively.
- Basic Medical Knowledge – While CNAs do not perform advanced medical procedures, they should understand basic medical terminology, recognize common health conditions, and know when to alert nurses about patient concerns. Although this foundational skill set does not make CNA roles one of the short medical programs that pay well, this position offers a quick path into the more well-paying healthcare fields.
What are the different career paths for CNAs?
A Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) can use their experience as a stepping stone to various healthcare careers, many of which offer higher salaries and expanded responsibilities. Here are some common career paths for CNAs:
- Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) – CNAs can advance to become Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) by completing a one-year nursing program and passing the NCLEX-PN exam. LPNs take on more medical responsibilities, such as administering medications, dressing wounds, and assisting with patient treatment plans. You can find some of the
- Patient Care Technician (PCT) – A Patient Care Technician (PCT) performs similar duties to a CNA but may also handle more advanced tasks, such as drawing blood (phlebotomy), inserting catheters, and operating medical equipment. Additional training or certification may be required to transition into this role. Average Salary: $34,782 per year.
- Certified Medication Aide (CMA) – CNAs can obtain additional certification to become Certified Medication Aides (CMA), allowing them to administer medications to patients under the supervision of nurses. This role offers a slight salary increase and provides experience in medication management. Average Salary: $36,931 per year.
- Home Health Aide (HHA) – Some CNAs transition into Home Health Aide (HHA) roles, where they provide one-on-one care to patients in their homes. While HHAs perform similar tasks to CNAs, the role offers more flexibility and independence but typically has a similar salary range. Average Salary: $33,530 per year.
- Medical Assistant (MA) – CNAs looking for a mix of clinical and administrative work may transition to becoming Medical Assistants (MAs), who assist doctors in clinics and outpatient facilities by taking patient histories, scheduling appointments, and performing minor medical procedures. Average Salary: $42,000 per year.
- Registered Nurse (RN) – Many CNAs pursue a Registered Nurse (RN) degree, which requires completing an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and passing the NCLEX-RN exam. For those looking for accessible education options, there are easy nursing schools to get into that provide flexible pathways to becoming an RN. RNs have greater autonomy, provide direct medical care, and can specialize in areas like intensive care, pediatrics, or emergency nursing. Average Salary: $86,070 per year.
- Hospital Unit Clerk – Some CNAs shift to administrative roles like Hospital Unit Clerk, where they manage patient records, communicate with healthcare staff, and handle scheduling. This role is ideal for CNAs who prefer office work within a hospital setting. Average Salary: $40,1710 per year.
- Physical Therapy Assistant (PTA) – CNAs interested in rehabilitation can become Physical Therapy Assistants (PTAs) by completing a two-year associate degree. PTAs work alongside physical therapists to help patients recover from injuries and improve mobility. Average Salary: $58,740 per year.
Each of these career paths offers higher salaries and expanded responsibilities, allowing CNAs to advance their careers while continuing to make a meaningful impact in healthcare. The chart below shows the average salaries for different career paths for CNAs:
How long does it take to complete CNA training and certification?
Becoming a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) is one of the fastest ways to enter the healthcare field, with training programs typically lasting between four to 16 weeks. The length of the program depends on the state requirements and the type of institution offering the training, such as community colleges, vocational schools, or healthcare facilities. Most CNA programs include a combination of classroom instruction, hands-on clinical training, and lab practice, covering essential topics like patient care, infection control, and vital signs monitoring. After completing the training, candidates must pass a state certification exam, which consists of a written (or oral) test and a skills evaluation where they demonstrate hands-on patient care techniques.
The entire process, from starting a CNA program to becoming certified, usually takes about two to four months. Some states also require background checks and additional licensing steps, which can slightly extend the timeline. Once certified, CNAs can immediately begin working in hospitals, nursing homes, home healthcare, and other medical settings. For military personnel or veterans looking to enter healthcare, an online college for military students can offer flexible CNA training options that fit their unique schedules and career goals.
What are the CNA certification requirements in 2025?
Becoming a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) involves meeting specific requirements that can vary by state. However, some common prerequisites include:
How can CNAs transition to advanced practice roles?
Transitioning from a CNA position to advanced nursing roles requires a strategic approach that includes further education, certifications, and clinical experience. Evaluating entry-level opportunities in Licensed Practical Nursing (LPN) or Registered Nursing (RN) programs and then progressing through bridge or accelerated pathways can significantly enhance career prospects. For those aiming to move directly into advanced roles such as nurse practitioners, exploring options like MSN to NP programs may provide a seamless transition. Additionally, engaging in mentorship opportunities and specialized training can help build the critical competencies necessary for success in a competitive healthcare landscape.
What continuing education requirements do CNAs have?
Continuing education requirements for Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) vary by state to ensure that they maintain competency and stay updated with best practices in patient care. Typically, CNAs are required to complete a specific number of continuing education units (CEUs) or contact hours within a set renewal period, often every two years. For example, some states mandate CNAs to complete 24 hours of continuing education and work a minimum number of paid hours per certification period to keep their licenses active.
The specific topics and number of required hours can differ significantly between states. Some states may have mandatory courses on subjects like infection control, patient rights, or elder abuse, while others allow CNAs to choose relevant topics that align with their practice areas. You can also look further into your education and explore the easiest online MSN programs to get into which can provide a seamless transition into advanced nursing roles.
Is there a high demand for CNAs in the healthcare industry?
Yes, there is a notable demand for Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) in the healthcare industry. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment of nursing assistants is projected to grow by 4% from 2023 to 2033, aligning with the average growth rate for all occupations. This growth is expected to result in approximately 216,200 job openings each year, mainly due to workers transferring to other roles or exiting the labor force. While CNAs remain in high demand, some individuals also explore other healthcare and mental health careers, often asking how much do marriage and family therapists make as they consider long-term opportunities and earning potential in related fields.
According to the employment projections data, there are 1,419,400 nursing assistants and 50,000 orderlies employed as of 2023. The employment number is expected to reach 1,481,800 and 52,200 for each job respectively. This trend underscores the essential role of CNAs in providing frontline patient care and highlights the stability and opportunities within this profession. The chart below shows the projected employment number for nursing assistants and orderlies over the next decade:
Is becoming a CNA worth it if you want to be a nurse?
Yes, becoming a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) can be a valuable step toward a nursing career. Here are some key reasons why:
- Hands-on Experience in Patient Care – Working as a CNA provides direct exposure to basic patient care, vital signs monitoring, and daily healthcare routines, giving aspiring nurses a strong foundation in clinical skills.
- Insight into the Nursing Profession – CNAs work closely with RNs and LPNs, giving them valuable exposure to nursing responsibilities and helping them decide if a nursing career is the right fit. For those ready to take the next step, a 1 year accelerated RN nursing degree program online offers a fast and flexible path to becoming a registered nurse.
- Stronger Nursing School Applications – Many nursing programs value CNA experience, as it demonstrates hands-on knowledge, patient interaction, and a commitment to the field, which can improve admission chances.
- Tuition Assistance & Career Advancement – Many hospitals and healthcare facilities offer tuition reimbursement programs for CNAs who enroll in nursing school, helping reduce education costs.
What benefits do accelerated RN to NP programs online offer for career advancement?
Accelerated programs enable faster progression from RN to NP by condensing rigorous coursework with targeted clinical practice, allowing healthcare professionals to transition into advanced practice roles more efficiently. These programs are designed to integrate flexible online learning with concentrated curricula, providing working professionals an opportunity to balance career commitments while advancing their education. Participants benefit from focused instruction in advanced patient care, leadership development, and evidence-based practice, which prepares them for high-level clinical responsibilities.
Additionally, these programs offer structured pathways that emphasize practical, real-world applications and close mentorship from experienced faculty. This integrated approach helps graduates adapt quickly to evolving healthcare demands and facilitates the development of specialized skills required in complex care environments. For professionals aspiring to expand their roles within the healthcare system, exploring accelerated RN to NP programs online can be a strategic move to accelerate career advancement while maintaining a commitment to quality patient care.
How can online BSN programs help expedite the transition from CNA to RN?
Online BSN programs are designed to bridge existing CNA experience with advanced clinical and leadership competencies, enabling a smoother transition into RN roles. These programs employ flexible, self-paced modules and interactive virtual labs that integrate theoretical knowledge with practical application. Choosing the fastest RN to BSN program online can minimize time-to-graduation while ensuring rigorous academic standards. This approach not only accelerates career progression but also enhances marketability by cultivating enhanced decision-making and patient care skills essential for higher-level nursing positions.
How can CNAs select the most effective advanced education programs?
When evaluating advanced education opportunities, CNAs should assess program accreditation, curriculum relevance, clinical practicum quality, and post-graduation success rates. Consider factors such as cost, scheduling flexibility, and student support services to ensure the program aligns with long-term career objectives. Additionally, exploring options like online RN programs for non nurses can provide a pathway that builds on practical experience and expedites professional growth.
How can CNAs transition into mental health nursing roles?
CNAs can expand their career options by pursuing specialized training in mental health care. Targeted certifications and advanced degree programs in psychiatric nursing offer the clinical skills and theoretical knowledge necessary for success in behavioral health settings. By engaging in coursework focused on mental health assessment, psychopharmacology, and therapeutic interventions, aspiring mental health nurses are better prepared to support diverse patient populations. Additionally, selecting accredited programs that provide comprehensive practicum experiences is crucial to meet licensure requirements and build professional confidence. For those interested in economically accessible options, consider reviewing the cheapest PMHNP programs online to facilitate this transition.
How can CNAs fund advanced education without financial strain?
In today’s competitive healthcare landscape, managing education expenses is essential for CNAs planning to advance their careers. Evaluating scholarship opportunities, employer tuition assistance, state grants, and flexible payment plans can help minimize financial burdens. Additionally, exploring comprehensive options such as direct entry nurse practitioner programs for non-nurses online offers a pathway to quality education at reduced costs. Assessing these financial strategies enables CNAs to invest in further training and certifications with greater financial confidence.
Here’s what graduates have to say about their nursing assistant degrees
"Becoming a CNA was the best decision I made to start my healthcare career. The hands-on experience helped me build confidence in patient care, and within two years, I transitioned into nursing school with a strong foundation. The connections I made with patients and nurses inspired me to pursue my RN degree." – Jessica
"Working as a CNA gave me job stability and a sense of purpose. The demand for CNAs meant I could find work quickly, and the flexible schedule allowed me to take classes toward becoming a Physical Therapy Assistant. Every day, I get to make a difference in patients' lives, which is incredibly rewarding." – David
I started as a CNA with no prior healthcare experience, and now I can't imagine doing anything else. The fast-paced environment challenged me, but it also taught me time management, teamwork, and compassion. This career has opened doors for me, and I'm now training to become a Licensed Practical Nurse." – Maria
Key Findings
- The BLS projects a 4% job growth for CNAs from 2023 to 2033, with 216,200 job openings annually, driven by an aging population and increased healthcare needs.
- CNA programs typically last 4 to 16 weeks, requiring state-approved coursework, hands-on clinical training, and passing a competency exam to become certified.
- CNAs can transition into higher-paying roles like Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN), Registered Nurse (RN), or Physical Therapy Assistant (PTA).
- CNAs earn an average salary of $30,000–$40,000 per year, with variations based on location, experience, and work setting, such as hospitals, nursing homes, and home healthcare.
- Working as a CNA provides hands-on patient care experience, strengthens nursing school applications, and offers tuition assistance programs, making it a great pathway to a nursing career.
Other things you should know about being a CNA
What is the best unit for working as a CNA?
The best unit for a CNA depends on their career goals and preferred work environment. CNAs who enjoy a fast-paced setting may prefer hospital units like the emergency room (ER) or intensive care unit (ICU), where they assist nurses with critical patients. Those who value long-term patient relationships might find nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, or assisted living facilities more fulfilling. Home healthcare is also a great option for CNAs who want flexibility and one-on-one patient care.
What are the typical CNA work hours and shift schedules?
CNAs typically work 8- or 12-hour shifts, depending on the facility and unit they are assigned to. In hospitals and nursing homes, CNAs often work day (7 AM – 3 PM), evening (3 PM – 11 PM), or night (11 PM – 7 AM) shifts, including weekends and holidays. Home healthcare and clinic settings may offer more predictable daytime hours, usually from 8 AM – 5 PM, but may require occasional weekend shifts.
How often do CNAs need to renew their certification?
CNA certification renewal requirements vary by state, but most require renewal every two years. CNAs typically need to complete a minimum number of paid work hours (such as 8–24 hours within the renewal period) and may need to take continuing education courses to stay updated on healthcare best practices. Some states require CNAs to pass a competency exam again if they have not worked as a CNA for an extended period.
Is it better to become a CNA or a medical assistant (MA)?
Choosing between a CNA and a Medical Assistant (MA) depends on career goals and work preferences. CNAs primarily provide hands-on patient care, assisting with daily living activities in hospitals, nursing homes, and home healthcare, with an average salary of $30,000–$40,000 per year. MAs, on the other hand, work in clinics and outpatient settings, performing both administrative tasks (scheduling, billing) and clinical duties (drawing blood, taking vitals), earning $35,000–$45,000 per year. CNAs have a faster entry into healthcare, while MAs may have more career growth in outpatient settings.
Resources:
- Indeed. (2025). How Long Does It Take To Become a CNA? https://www.indeed.com
- Salary.com. (2025). Patient Care Technician Salary in the United States. https://www.salary.com
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024). Occupational Outlook Handbook: Nursing Assistants and Orderlies. https://www.bls.gov
- ZipRecruiter. (2025). Certified Medication Aide Salary. https://www.ziprecruiter.com
