LMFT vs. AMFT Degree: Explaining the Difference in 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Many people believe the path to becoming a marriage and family therapist (MFT) is straightforward, but the journey can be more complex than it seems. Deciding between the Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT) and Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) routes involves understanding different requirements, career opportunities, and earning potential—factors that often confuse newcomers to the field.

The MFT workforce has grown by 3.36%, now totaling 4.66 million professionals, but choosing the wrong path could delay your career or reduce your opportunities. This guide, prepared by experts in career planning, will clarify these differences, helping you make the best decision and set you on a path to success.

Key Things You Should Know About LMFT vs. AMFT

AMFT and LMFT paths differ in licensing requirements, responsibilities, and career prospects, with LMFTs having more independence and higher earning potential; LMFTs earn a median salary of $63,780 per year, compared to AMFTs who typically earn less.
Educational paths for AMFTs and LMFTs include accredited programs, with over 125 COAMFTE-accredited MFT programs available, and both require supervised clinical hours before licensure.
Job roles, earnings, and career growth opportunities vary, with AMFTs earning less and having fewer responsibilities than LMFTs, but the MFT workforce is projected to grow by 16% from 2023 to 2033, much faster than average for all occupations.

What is the difference between an LMFT and an AMFT?
What educational path should I take to become an LMFT or AMFT?
What are the licensing requirements for AMFT vs. LMFT?
How do job roles and responsibilities differ between LMFTs and AMFTs?
How much do LMFTs and AMFTs earn?
What career growth opportunities exist for LMFTs vs. AMFTs?
How does clinical supervision work for AMFTs?
How can I find affordable, accredited MFT programs?
How can I stay updated on continuing education and professional development?
How can I assess the quality and fit of online MFT programs?
Which degree path is better if I want to open a private practice?
What are the pros and cons of starting as an AMFT?
How do I decide between pursuing an AMFT or LMFT path?
Other Things You Should Know About LMFT vs. AMFT

What is the difference between an LMFT and an AMFT?

An LMFT is a fully licensed therapist, while an AMFT is a pre-licensed associate working under supervision.

Both credentials fall under the field of Marriage and Family Therapy, but they serve different stages in a therapist’s career. An AMFT, or Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, is someone who has completed a graduate degree and is gaining supervised clinical experience. This is a required step before becoming licensed. In contrast, an LMFT, or Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, has completed all supervision hours and passed the national exam, allowing them to work independently.

Where each credential fits in your career path

The AMFT is a transitional stage. It allows recent graduates to start practicing while building the required experience for full licensure. In most states, this includes 2,000 to 4,000 supervised hours. Once completed, AMFTs can apply for LMFT status.

The good news is, the demand for marriage and family therapy is growing. In 2022, over 3,600 MFT degrees were awarded—a rise of 8.16% from the previous year. This shows more students are entering the field and advancing toward licensure.

What educational path should I take to become an LMFT or AMFT?

To become an LMFT or AMFT, you need to earn a master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy or a closely related field.

Most states require a graduate degree that includes coursework in human development, ethics, diagnosis, and clinical practice. Choosing the right program is important, especially if you plan to get licensed.

Here are key steps in the education path:

Earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology, sociology, or a related field.
Apply to an MFT graduate program—there are over 125 COAMFTE-accredited programs nationwide.
Complete required clinical hours during your graduate studies (usually as a practicum or internship).
Graduate with a qualifying degree, such as an MA or MS in Marriage and Family Therapy.

If you’re still deciding between related paths like counseling or social work, this guide on how to choose a therapy specialization can help you compare options.

Choosing an accredited and well-structured program gives you a smoother path to licensure, whether you start as an AMFT or go directly toward becoming an LMFT.

Some LMFTs may eventually pursue advanced credentials beyond the master’s level. If you’re considering long-term academic or clinical goals, learning how to get a doctorate in psychology can help you map a clear path toward research, supervision, or teaching roles in mental health fields.

What are the licensing requirements for AMFT vs. LMFT?

To become an AMFT or LMFT, you must meet education, exam, and supervised experience requirements, though the level of responsibility differs at each stage.

The AMFT is an associate-level license for those who have completed a qualifying graduate degree but still need supervised clinical hours. The LMFT is the full license that allows independent practice.

Here’s a breakdown of typical licensing steps:

Graduate with a master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy or a related field.
Apply for AMFT registration to begin working under supervision.
Complete supervised clinical hours—most states require between 2,000 and 4,000 hours.
Pass the MFT National Examination, which includes a National Exam and a Clinical Exam. The Clinical Exam often sees pass rates around 70–75%.
Apply for LMFT licensure after meeting all requirements.

Getting licensed in therapy is different from more business-oriented careers like HR. If you're still comparing options, this guide on how to become an HR consultant offers another perspective.

Each state has its own rules, so be sure to check with your local licensing board for exact details.

How do job roles and responsibilities differ between LMFTs and AMFTs?

LMFTs can work independently, while AMFTs must practice under supervision.

Though both provide therapy to individuals, couples, and families, AMFTs are in a training phase. They work under the oversight of a licensed supervisor and have limited autonomy. LMFTs, on the other hand, are fully licensed and can diagnose, treat, and manage client cases on their own.

Furthermore, LMFTs often have broader job options due to their license, including running private practices. AMFTs usually work in agencies or group settings that provide supervision.

In 2023, around 76,000 marriage and family therapists held jobs across different settings. LMFTs, with full licensure, had the flexibility to work independently—reflected in the 14% who were self-employed. They also filled roles in outpatient care centers and private offices, where autonomy is often required.

AMFTs, on the other hand, typically worked in structured environments like individual and family services agencies (27%) or offices of other health practitioners (28%), where licensed supervisors are present. These settings support their need for supervision while gaining clinical experience.

If you're also exploring other mental health careers, understanding what are the pros and cons of being a psychologist can help you compare paths. Each role has different responsibilities, and the best fit depends on your long-term goals.

How much do LMFTs and AMFTs earn?

LMFTs usually earn more than AMFTs because they are fully licensed and can work without supervision.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for marriage and family therapists was $63,780 per year. This figure mostly reflects earnings for LMFTs, as they qualify for a wider range of positions, including private practice, outpatient clinics, and specialized mental health centers.

AMFTs typically earn less while completing their required supervised hours. Their pay often depends on the setting and the state, but salaries are usually lower due to their limited license and experience.

Once AMFTs complete their hours and pass the licensing exams, they can move into higher-paying LMFT roles. Earning potential also rises with specialization, years of experience, and geographic location. Many LMFTs increase their income by opening private practices or offering niche services like trauma therapy or couples counseling.

One major consideration when choosing a career path is compensation. Comparing AMFT vs LMFT salary can clarify expectations, as LMFTs typically command higher pay due to full licensure, autonomy, and increased clinical experience compared to their associate-level counterparts.

What career growth opportunities exist for LMFTs vs. AMFTs?

LMFTs have more advanced career options than AMFTs, largely due to their full license and ability to work independently.

Long-term growth outlook

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for marriage and family therapists is expected to grow 16% from 2023 to 2033. That’s much faster than the average for all occupations. On average, about 7,500 job openings are projected each year, with many resulting from retirements or career changes.

Opportunities by license level

AMFTs are limited to supervised roles but gain valuable experience during this period. Once licensed as LMFTs, they can take on higher-paying positions, manage their own caseloads, supervise others, or start a private practice. LMFTs can also specialize in areas like trauma, substance abuse, or child therapy.

Therapists interested in new directions might consider exploring related fields. This guide on addiction counseling vs psychology degree programs can help you weigh your options.

The overall demand for mental health services is growing, making both AMFT and LMFT roles valuable—and full licensure opens more doors.

Many therapists eventually seek leadership roles in community organizations. Exploring a low cost master's in nonprofit management online can be a smart way for LMFTs to transition into administrative positions, helping them scale services and lead advocacy or mental health programs effectively.

How does clinical supervision work for AMFTs?

Clinical supervision is a required part of an AMFT’s path to full licensure and involves working under a licensed therapist’s guidance.

After earning a qualifying graduate degree, AMFTs must complete a set number of supervised clinical hours—usually between 2,000 and 4,000 depending on the state. During this period, they meet regularly with an approved supervisor to review cases, discuss treatment plans, and receive feedback.

The goal of supervision is to help AMFTs build their clinical skills, apply what they learned in school, and ensure they’re practicing ethically and effectively. Supervisors must meet state requirements and are typically licensed LMFTs, clinical psychologists, or other qualified professionals.

Supervision is also a time for personal and professional growth. It helps AMFTs develop confidence and prepare for the licensing exam. Those exploring different therapeutic approaches during this time might also consider niche areas. For example, learning how to become a spiritual counselor could open unique pathways in holistic care or faith-based practice.

How can I find affordable, accredited MFT programs?

Cost considerations are crucial when selecting an MFT education pathway. Evaluating program costs alongside accreditation ensures that you receive quality training while managing financial commitments effectively. Prospective students should research tuition fees, available financial aid, scholarships, and payment plans to make an informed decision. Resources such as online CACREP accredited counseling programs can help identify cost-effective options without compromising on educational standards and clinical expertise.

How can I stay updated on continuing education and professional development?

Regularly updating your clinical skills and theoretical knowledge is essential for fulfilling state licensure requirements and maintaining industry standards. Incorporate accredited workshops, webinars, or peer-led review sessions that address evolving therapeutic approaches and ethical practices. Evaluating online courses for evidence-based content and certification opportunities enables you to integrate continuous learning efficiently into your busy schedule. Explore cost-effective resources like the most affordable online colleges for counseling degrees to support your career advancement without compromising on quality.

How can I assess the quality and fit of online MFT programs?

When evaluating online MFT programs, confirm that each institution is accredited and meets state licensure requirements. Focus on programs with proven outcomes, such as high licensing exam pass rates and strong alumni support, to ensure robust clinical training and academic rigor. Review curriculum details, faculty credentials, and available mentorship opportunities, as these factors are critical for building clinical expertise and advancing your career. For a comprehensive overview of top options, consult marriage and family therapy masters programs online and compare program structures to match your specific professional goals.

Which degree path is better if I want to open a private practice?

The LMFT path is better suited for opening a private practice because it leads to full licensure and independent practice rights.

AMFTs are not allowed to practice without supervision, so they cannot open or run a private practice on their own. Their role is more of a trainee or associate gaining experience toward full licensure. This makes the AMFT designation a stepping stone, not a final destination, for those aiming to work independently.

To open a private practice, you’ll need to complete a COAMFTE-accredited master’s program, finish your supervised clinical hours, and pass both parts of the MFT National Examination. Once fully licensed as an LMFT, you can operate your own business, set your rates, and choose your client focus areas.

Many LMFTs who own private practices offer specialties like couples therapy, family counseling, or trauma work. Private practice can also allow for more flexible schedules and higher earning potential, especially in areas with high demand for mental health services.

In short, the LMFT is the required path if private practice is your long-term goal.

What are the pros and cons of starting as an AMFT?

Starting as an AMFT has both advantages and drawbacks, depending on your goals and timeline.

Pros:

Gaining hands-on experience: AMFTs work under supervision, which provides opportunities to learn directly from experienced professionals and improve clinical skills.
Building a strong foundation: This period allows you to build your expertise and prepare for the full licensure exam.
Exposure to different settings: AMFTs often work in diverse environments like agencies, outpatient centers, or hospitals, offering a variety of cases and learning experiences.

Cons:

Limited independence: AMFTs cannot work alone or open a private practice until they are fully licensed as LMFTs.
Lower earning potential: Because AMFTs are in training, their pay is typically lower compared to fully licensed LMFTs.
Time-consuming: The process of completing the required supervised hours can take several years, delaying career advancement.

Starting as an AMFT is a necessary step, but it comes with some restrictions. However, if you’re committed to progressing toward full licensure, it can provide valuable experience in the field.

How do I decide between pursuing an AMFT or LMFT path?

Choosing between the AMFT and LMFT paths depends on your career goals, timeline, and preferred work environment.

Consider the following factors:

Independence: If you want to work independently or open a private practice, the LMFT path is better. AMFTs need supervision and cannot practice on their own.
Earning potential: LMFTs earn more, as they are fully licensed and can take on a wider range of roles. AMFTs typically earn less due to their limited license and experience.
Career satisfaction: Studies show that 94% of LMFTs working in school, college, or university settings would recommend the career. In contrast, only 70% of those working in agencies feel the same. AMFTs, still in the early stages of their careers, may experience lower pay and fewer opportunities, which can affect their satisfaction.
Time commitment: The AMFT path requires completing supervised hours before moving to full licensure, which takes time. If you want to speed up your career progress, pursuing the LMFT path may be a better choice.

Deciding between the two paths comes down to whether you’re ready for independence or prefer the support and training that comes with being an AMFT.

If your long-term goals include leadership in nonprofit or clinical settings, you might also explore how different graduate paths align with those ambitions. Comparing masters in organizational leadership vs MBA can help weigh whether a broader business education or a focused leadership degree better suits your objectives.

Here’s What Graduates Have to Say about Their LMFT or AMFT Career

As an AMFT, I appreciated having a supervisor who guided me through tough cases and helped me develop my skills. The supervision gave me confidence and direction, and I now feel well-prepared for the next steps in my career. – Gary

Becoming an LMFT was a turning point in my career. I’m now able to work with clients independently and have the flexibility to focus on my areas of interest, such as trauma therapy. The ability to run my own private practice has been incredibly rewarding. – Troy

Working as an AMFT was challenging at times, but the clinical supervision was invaluable. It was great to learn from experienced therapists and feel supported as I built my skills. Now that I’m licensed, I feel more confident in my work and ready to make a greater impact. – Mimi

Key Findings

The median salary for marriage and family therapists (MFTs) is $63,780 per year.
There were 3,683 total MFT degrees awarded in 2022, showing an 8.16% growth.
Employment of marriage and family therapists is projected to grow 16% from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average for all occupations.
94% of LMFTs working in school, college, or university settings would recommend the career.
The MFT National Examination includes both a National Exam and a Clinical Exam, with the Clinical Exam often having pass rates around 70-75%.

Other Things You Should Know about LMFT vs. AMFT

Can I apply to LMFT/AMFT programs with a psychology or social work background?

Yes, you can apply to LMFT/AMFT programs with a psychology or social work background. Many MFT programs accept candidates with undergraduate degrees in related fields, as long as they meet specific prerequisites. Your background in psychology or social work can provide a strong foundation for therapy and counseling coursework, though additional coursework may be required depending on the program.

How does experience affect earnings in MFT careers?

Experience plays a significant role in earnings for MFTs. As you gain more years of practice and develop specialized skills, you can command higher salaries. Fully licensed LMFTs typically earn more than AMFTs due to their experience and ability to work independently. Additionally, those with niche expertise or a private practice tend to have higher earning potential.

Are there academic or research paths for LMFTs?

Yes, LMFTs can pursue academic or research paths. Some choose to teach at universities or conduct research on topics related to therapy, family dynamics, or mental health. With advanced training, LMFTs can contribute to the development of new therapeutic techniques or improve clinical practices in their field.

Can supervision be done remotely or online?

Yes, supervision can be done remotely or online. Many programs and supervisors now offer virtual supervision options, which provide flexibility for AMFTs working in different locations. Online supervision must still meet state and program requirements, ensuring that it is conducted in a professional and effective manner.