EdS vs. EdD Degrees: Explaining the Difference for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Every profession owes its existence to educators who cultivate the talent that drives them. From shaping young minds to leading systemic change in schools and districts, educators play a pivotal role in the fabric of our communities. As the field continues to evolve, many education professionals seek advanced degrees to expand their impact, pursue leadership roles, or specialize in key areas of practice. Among the most common graduate-level options are the Education Specialist (EdS) and the Doctor of Education (EdD) degrees—two paths that often appear similar, yet serve very different purposes.

Understanding the distinction between these degrees is essential for making an informed decision about your future in education. Whether you're a teacher aiming to advance into administration, a counselor seeking specialized expertise, or a leader driven by research and policy change, knowing which degree aligns with your goals can save time, money, and energy. In this guide, I will break down the core differences between the EdS and EdD to help you determine which path best fits your career aspirations.

Key Things You Should Know About EdS vs. EdD

EdS programs are designed for professionals seeking advanced education beyond a master’s degree, without the commitment of a full doctoral dissertation. Meanwhile, EdD programs are practice-based doctorates focused on preparing leaders to address complex challenges in education through applied research.
Both degrees open doors to leadership roles in K–12 schools, higher education, curriculum design, educational consulting, and policy development.
According to ZipRecruiter (n.d.), EdS degree holders earn an average of $92,340 annually, while EdD graduates see a higher average salary of $114,100 per year.

What are the key differences between EdS vs. EdD degrees?
What master’s degree do you need to pursue EdS vs. EdD degrees?
What are the main responsibilities of EdS vs. EdD professionals?
What are the core subjects in EdS vs. EdD programs?
What is the average tuition of an EdS vs. an EdD program?
How long does it take to complete an EdS vs. an EdD program for 2025?
How Can I Verify Program Accreditation and Quality?
How can I finance my advanced education degree?
How can I assess the affordability and quality of online EdD programs?
What are the admissions requirements and application strategies for EdS vs. EdD programs?
What specializations can you choose in the EdS vs. EdD programs?
What is the salary outlook for EdS vs. EdD graduates?
What are the career paths for EdS vs. EdD graduates?
EdS vs. EdD: Which is better for you?
Other Things You Should Know About EdS vs. EdD Degrees

What are the key differences between EdS vs. EdD degrees?

Imagine two educators standing at a crossroads—both passionate, both experienced, both ready for the next step. One wants to sharpen their skills and lead at the school or district level. The other wants to challenge systemic barriers, drive policy, and shape the future of education at scale. These are the two fields that EdS and EdD navigate.

With UNESCO projecting a global demand for 44 million educators by 2030, the need for highly trained education professionals has never been more urgent. The paths they choose—EdS or EdD—reflect not just different credentials, but different visions for impact. While these degrees may appear similar at first glance, their differences run deeper than acronyms.

What is an education specialist degree? And how is it different from a doctor of education degree? Here’s how they compare:

Degree Level: An EdS is a post-master’s credential, designed to build expertise beyond the master's level. An EdD is a full doctoral degree and is considered the highest academic achievement in education practice.
Purpose: EdS programs focus on advanced professional skills for roles like school leadership or specialized support. EdD programs prepare educators to lead transformational change through applied research and strategic decision-making.
Time Commitment: EdS typically takes 2 to 4 years to complete (Alliant International University, 2023). EdD often spans 3 to 5 years, including coursework and a final dissertation or capstone (Drexel University, n.d.).
Capstone Requirement: EdS degrees usually do not include a dissertation. EdD degrees require a research-based project or dissertation addressing a real-world educational problem.
Career Outcomes: EdS graduates often step into roles such as principals, instructional specialists, or district-level administrators. EdD holders frequently pursue positions like superintendents, academic deans, or policy advisors.
Research Emphasis: EdS students apply existing research to practice. EdD students create and lead research initiatives designed to improve educational systems.

What master’s degree do you need to pursue EdS vs. EdD degrees?

Before you can take the next step toward an EdS or EdD, you’ll need a solid foundation—a relevant master’s degree that aligns with your goals. While both degrees share similar prerequisites, like graduate-level coursework and a strong background in educational leadership, the type of master’s you hold can help shape your specialization and increase your chances of acceptance.

Here are common master’s degrees that prepare you for EdS and EdD programs:

Master of Education (M.Ed.): One of the most common and versatile degrees for both EdS and EdD tracks. Ideal for educators focused on teaching, curriculum, or leadership.
Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT): Often pursued by classroom teachers looking to transition into instructional leadership or specialized roles through an EdS or EdD.
Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.): Emphasizes research and theory, making it a strong fit for those considering an EdD with a focus on applied research.
Master of Educational Leadership or Administration: Most relevant for those pursuing EdS or EdD programs focused on school or district leadership.
Master’s in Counseling or Psychology (with a school or educational focus): Suitable for EdS programs in school counseling or EdD programs focused on student support services or mental health leadership.
Master of Public Administration (MPA) or Master of Business Administration (MBA): Less traditional, but accepted by some EdD programs—particularly those emphasizing organizational leadership, education policy, or system-level change.

Ultimately, the best master’s degree choice depends on where you want your advanced degree to take you. Always review both EdD and EdS degree program requirements to ensure your master’s aligns with the academic focus, specialization options, and any licensure prerequisites the program may have.

What are the main responsibilities of EdS vs. EdD professionals?

While both EdS and EdD degree holders are united by their commitment to improving education, the roles they play often unfold on different stages. Think of EdS professionals as expert tacticians—deeply embedded in schools or districts, solving problems up close. EdD professionals, on the other hand, are like systems architects—designing strategies, leading organizations, and influencing policy at scale.

With over 316,600 employed elementary, middle, and high school principals in the US alone, the demand for strong leadership at every level of education has never been greater. Both degrees prepare professionals to meet that need—just in different ways. Here’s how their day-to-day responsibilities typically differ:

EdS Professionals:

Lead at the school or district level as principals, assistant principals, or instructional coordinators.
Support student learning through roles in special education, curriculum design, or school psychology.
Implement educational policies and strategies developed at higher levels of leadership.
Conduct needs assessments and develop intervention plans for student achievement.
Provide professional development and mentoring for teachers and staff.

EdD Professionals:

Lead educational institutions or departments as superintendents, deans, or executive directors.
Design and evaluate large-scale policies, programs, and reform initiatives.
Conduct applied research to address systemic issues in education.
Advise on educational policy at the state or national level.
Manage organizational change and drive strategic planning across districts or institutions.

For a more comprehensive comparison of your post-master’s options, explore our guide on the difference between EdD and PhD to help you decide which path best aligns with your goals for impact and advancement.

What are the core subjects in EdS vs. EdD programs?

Think of EdS and EdD programs as two branches of the same leadership tree—both rooted in educational expertise, but growing in different directions. While EdS programs dive deep into practical, school-based skill sets, EdD programs stretch further into the realms of systemic leadership, research, and organizational transformation. The courses you’ll take in each program reflect these priorities—and can shape everything from your daily responsibilities to your long-term career path.

Here’s how the core subjects typically differ:

EdS Core Subjects:

Instructional Leadership: Implementing strategies for guiding teachers and improving classroom outcomes.
Educational Assessment and Data Use: Using testing and evaluation to support student achievement.
Special Education Law and Practice: Navigating compliance and advocacy for students with diverse needs.
School Finance and Operations: Managing budgets, facilities, and resource allocation at the school level.
Behavioral Interventions and Student Support: Building systems that promote student well-being and discipline.

EdD Core Subjects:

Organizational Leadership and Change Management: Leading complex systems and driving strategic reform.
Policy Development and Analysis: Shaping and evaluating education policy at district, state, or national levels.
Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods: Conducting applied research to solve real-world education problems.
Ethics and Equity in Education: Exploring leadership through the lens of social justice and equity.
Strategic Planning and Program Evaluation: Designing, assessing, and improving educational initiatives at scale.

While both degrees will deepen your understanding of how schools and systems work, EdS often prepares you to lead within schools—while EdD prepares you to lead across them. Check out our list of requirements to teach special education if you’re considering a path that blends hands-on support with advanced leadership in student services.

What is the average tuition of an EdS vs. an EdD program?

While knowing the difference between an EdS and an EdD is much like knowing the difference between PhD and PsyD in clinical psychology, you should not forget that pursuing an advanced degree is as much a financial decision as it is an academic one. Think of it like investing in a specialized toolkit: both EdS and EdD sharpen your leadership skills, but the size—and cost—of each toolkit varies. Whether you're aiming for targeted expertise in a school setting or preparing to lead large-scale change in education systems, knowing what you'll pay up front, and along the way, can help you make a smart and sustainable decision.

Here’s a side-by-side breakdown of EdS and EdD programs' average tuition fees—$10,800 and $21,600, respectively—and common fees to help you better compare the financial commitment of each degree path:

Average Tuition Breakdown of EdS vs. EdD

Item

Description

EdS

EdD

Cost Per Credit

Tuition cost for each credit hour

$360

Total Tuition

Estimated total cost based on required credit hours

$10,800

$21,600

Graduation Application Fee

One-time fee

$75

Enrollment Fee

Charged per semester

$50

Others

Transfer and portfolio credit evaluation fees, technology and library fee, diploma fee, etc.

$790

Source: William Howard Taft University, n.d.

How long does it take to complete an EdS vs. an EdD program for 2025?

Time is one of the most valuable investments you’ll make when pursuing an advanced degree, and the timeline can shape both your short-term plans and long-term career goals. For those considering an EdS degree, the typical commitment ranges from 2 to 4 years, depending on course load, professional responsibilities, and whether the program is pursued part-time or full-time (Alliant International University, 2023).

On the other hand, earning an EdD usually takes a bit longer, often 3 to 5 years, largely due to the required dissertation or capstone project that demonstrates applied research and leadership in action (Drexel University, n.d.). However, for motivated professionals eager to fast-track their career trajectory, there are accelerated EdD programs that can significantly reduce the time to completion, sometimes even down to two years. And with the number of people earning doctoral degrees on the rise—an estimated 141,500 in the US by 2032 (Statista, 2024), including EdDs—it’s clear that more professionals are seeing the long-term value of this investment.

If you're looking to grow within your current setting or district, the EdS may be the efficient stepping stone you need. If you’re ready to lead at the system level, influence policy, or take on executive roles in education, the longer runway of the EdD may be worth every additional hour.

How Can I Verify Program Accreditation and Quality?

When assessing advanced degree programs in education, it is essential to confirm that the programs are accredited by recognized agencies. Accreditation not only validates the academic rigor of the curriculum but also ensures that the program meets professional and licensure standards that employers value. Evaluating institutional reputation, faculty credentials, and available research or practicum opportunities further provides insights into the program's ability to meet your career objectives. Prospective students should also compare innovative program options, such as those offered in a degree for doctor of management in organizational leadership, to determine the best fit for their professional growth.

How can I finance my advanced education degree?

Advanced education programs represent a significant financial commitment, making it essential to explore comprehensive funding strategies. Consider scholarships, federal and state grants, employer tuition reimbursement, and low-interest loan options specifically designed for education professionals. Researching these opportunities can help you minimize out-of-pocket expenses while sustaining long-term career growth. Additionally, comparing funding options with affordable online English master's degrees can provide further insights into cost-effective pathways that align with your academic and professional aspirations.

How can I assess the affordability and quality of online EdD programs?

When evaluating online EdD programs, it is essential to review a range of factors to ensure that the program not only fits your budget but also meets high academic and professional standards. Examine tuition fees, hidden costs such as technology fees and course materials, and compare them to similar programs. Accreditation and institutional reputation provide critical insight into the program's quality and the value of your investment. Additionally, consider program flexibility, student support services, and graduation outcomes as indicators of long-term return on investment. For more information on cost-effective options, refer to our article on the cheapest EdD programs.

What are the admissions requirements and application strategies for EdS vs. EdD programs?

Prospective candidates should closely examine program-specific admissions criteria to position their applications for success. These advanced education programs typically require a relevant master’s degree, proof of professional experience, and documented potential for leadership. Applicants are often evaluated on academic credentials, professional recommendations, and clear statements of purpose that reflect a commitment to educational advancement. Tailoring your application may also involve highlighting unique, interdisciplinary skills—especially for individuals with specialized qualifications, such as what can you do with a masters in library science.

What specializations can you choose in the EdS vs. EdD programs?

Whether you’re drawn to transforming classrooms, designing curriculum, driving policy, or overhauling educational systems, your chosen path should reflect both your passion and your purpose. EdS and EdD programs each offer a wide array of specializations, but the lens through which they approach them differs: one is school-centered, the other system-wide.

EdS programs are designed for educators seeking advanced expertise without committing to a full doctoral program. These specializations tend to be highly practical and school-centered:

School and District Management: Focuses on managing schools or districts, including staff supervision, budgeting, and strategic planning.
Special Education: Equips educators to work with students with disabilities, lead IEP teams, and shape inclusive learning environments.
School Psychology: Prepares you to counsel and implement behavior interventions within school settings. Helping young students is one of the many advantages of a psychology career.
Curriculum and Instruction: Enhances skills in curriculum design, instructional strategies, and student assessment.

On the other hand, EdD programs go beyond school walls, preparing educators to lead system-wide reforms, influence policy, or manage large educational institutions:

Higher Education Leadership: Focuses on administration and innovation in colleges and universities, including enrollment, student affairs, and academic policy.
Equity and Social Justice in Education: Equips you with the expertise to advocate for equitable education policies, address systemic inequalities, and implement initiatives that support underrepresented student populations at all levels.
Educational Policy: Prepares professionals to evaluate, influence, and create education policy on local, national, or global levels.
Instructional Technology and Innovation: Gives you a more strategic take on EdTech, which is focused on large-scale implementation, leadership, and research in digital learning.

Choosing between an EdS and an EdD is like choosing between medical billing and coding diploma vs certificate.

What is the salary outlook for EdS vs. EdD graduates?

Climbing the academic ladder in education doesn’t just deepen your expertise—it can significantly impact your earning potential. While both EdS and EdD degrees open doors to leadership roles, their salary trajectories often reflect the scope and scale of those responsibilities. Whether you're aiming to shape policy at the district level or directly support student outcomes in a school setting, understanding the financial return on your investment is key.

In the chart that I created below, I break down what you can expect to earn with each degree across various benchmarks, from their average salaries at $92,340 (EdS) and $114,100 (EdD) to the impressive earnings of top-tier professionals making up to $116,500 with an EdS and $153,000 with an EdD.

What are the career paths for EdS vs. EdD graduates?

Some educators lead from the front of the classroom. Others lead from the front of the system. That’s the core distinction when looking at careers after earning an EdS or EdD. Think of the EdS as a precision tool. It is ideal for those who want to dive deep into leadership within a school or district. The EdD, by contrast, is more like a blueprint for transformation. It focuses on shaping policy, driving strategy, and redesigning how education works on a systemic level.

EdS Career Paths:

School Principal: Oversees daily school operations, staff, and student performance.
Assistant Principal: Supports the principal with discipline, curriculum, and administrative tasks.
Curriculum Specialist: Designs and refines instructional materials and teaching strategies.
Special Education Administrator: Manages special education services and compliance.
School Psychologist: Provides student assessments and mental health support (requires licensure).

EdD Career Paths:

Superintendent: Leads entire school districts, setting vision and policy.
Chief Academic Officer: Oversees academic strategy and instructional quality across institutions.
Director of Curriculum and Instruction: Shapes teaching frameworks at the district or state level.
Higher Education Administrator: Manages academic affairs, departments, or campuses in colleges and universities.
Education Policy Analyst: Researches and evaluates education laws, reforms, and public initiatives.

Whether you're drawn to shaping classroom experiences or transforming entire school systems, both degrees offer powerful career trajectories. And thanks to the flexibility of EdD online programs, reaching those leadership roles is more achievable than ever without putting your career or personal life on hold.

EdS vs. EdD: Which is better for you?

Your choice between an EdS and an EdD comes down to the kind of educator you want to be. Do you want to dive into the trenches and lead from within, or do you want to sit at the helm and steer education toward a new direction? Knowing the requirements for masters in education -- for both EdS and EdD -- also plays a part.

Let’s break down these two educational powerhouses and help you decide which is the right fit for your ambitions.

Consider EdS if you prefer:

Impacting Day-to-Day School Operations: You’re drawn to the practical, hands-on side of education, whether it’s guiding teachers as a principal or shaping classroom practices. The EdS is your gateway to making immediate, meaningful changes within schools.
Focusing on Specialized Knowledge: If you want to become an expert in a niche area like educational psychology, special education, or school counseling, the EdS helps you hone in on that focus, enabling you to dive deep into a particular field.
Building Leadership within the School Community: You’re ready to step into leadership positions that allow you to work directly with students, educators, and administrators, making sure the inner workings of the school run smoothly.

Consider EdD if you prefer:

Driving Change at the Systemic Level: The EdD is perfect for those who want to lead education’s evolution on a larger scale, from shaping policy to redesigning educational frameworks and improving district-level practices.
Leading Research-Driven Reform: If you’re passionate about using data and research to influence decisions, the EdD allows you to become a change-maker with a foundation in academic rigor, empowering you to innovate education through evidence-based strategies.
Influencing the Future of Education: Whether you aspire to be a top executive in education or to spearhead global educational movements, the EdD equips you to lead on a national or international level, redefining how education is structured and experienced.

Your decision ultimately depends on where you want to make your mark—whether it's within the classrooms and halls of schools or across the global education landscape. Both degrees offer the opportunity to lead, but the EdS empowers you to drive direct, localized change, while the EdD gives you the tools to lead transformational shifts on a broader, systemic scale.

Key Findings

An EdS typically takes 2 to 4 years to complete. Meanwhile, an EdD often spans 3 to 5 years, including coursework and a final dissertation or capstone.
There are over 316,600 employed elementary, middle, and high school principals in the US.
EdS degree holders earn an average of $92,340 annually, while EdD graduates see a higher average salary of $114,100 per year.
EdS tuition fee costs $10,800 while EdD costs $21,600.
With an estimated 141,500 doctoral degrees expected in the US by 2032, including EdDs, more professionals are recognizing the long-term value of this investment.

Other Things You Should Know About EdS vs. EdD Degrees

Can you earn an EdD after completing an EdS degree?

Yes, you can absolutely pursue an EdD after completing an EdS degree. The EdS is a post-master’s degree that focuses on specialized knowledge and skills, while the EdD is a doctoral degree that takes your expertise to the next level, emphasizing leadership, research, and system-wide change. Many professionals use the EdS as a stepping stone, deepening their knowledge in a particular area, before transitioning into the EdD program to broaden their career prospects and tackle larger, more strategic roles.

Is an EdD required for leadership roles in higher education?

An EdD is not always required for leadership roles in higher education, but it can significantly enhance your qualifications and opportunities for advancement. While some administrative or leadership positions may be accessible with a master’s degree or significant experience, an EdD offers specialized knowledge in leadership, policy development, and educational systems, which are highly valued for roles such as university provost, dean, or president. In many cases, the EdD can set you apart in a competitive field and equip you with the tools necessary for high-level decision-making.

Are there fully online EdS and EdD programs available for 2025?

Yes, fully online EdS and EdD programs are widely available for 2025, providing students with the flexibility to complete coursework from anywhere while balancing professional and personal commitments. These online programs offer the same rigorous curriculum as traditional, on-campus programs but with the added convenience of virtual learning. Many universities recognize the importance of accessibility and offer online pathways for both degrees, allowing students to tailor their educational journey to their specific needs and schedules.

Is an EdS in School Psychology better than an EdD for counselors?

An EdS in School Psychology is generally better suited for counselors who want to specialize in psychological assessment, intervention, and working directly with students in educational settings. This degree focuses on the clinical and psychological aspects of counseling, preparing professionals to address mental health issues, learning challenges, and behavioral concerns.

On the other hand, an EdD is more geared toward those interested in leadership roles and policy development in education, so while it can be beneficial for counselors looking to take on administrative or educational leadership roles, it does not provide the same clinical depth as an EdS.