What Does a Forensic Psychologist Do? Roles & Responsibilities for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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With more than 7,300 forensic psychologists currently working across the US, interest in this specialized field is steadily rising. Yet despite growing visibility, many people still aren’t sure what forensic psychologists actually do—or how their work impacts the legal system. This confusion can make it difficult for students, career changers, and even professionals in related fields to decide if this path is the right fit.

This article aims to clarify the evolving roles and responsibilities of forensic psychologists for 2025, from courtroom evaluations to expert testimony. 

Key Things You Should Know About What a Forensic Psychologist Does

• They conduct psychological evaluations for legal purposes. This includes assessing mental competency, diagnosing disorders, and influencing court decisions through expert reports.
• They serve as expert witnesses in court. Forensic psychologists translate complex psychological findings into clear testimony for judges and juries.
• They collaborate across legal and mental health systems. From consulting with law enforcement to working in correctional and psychiatric institutions, their role is deeply interdisciplinary.

Table of Contents

1. What does a forensic psychologist do on a daily basis?
2. What skills should forensic psychologists have?
3. Where do most forensic psychologists work?
4. Is forensic psychology a high-demand field for 2025?
5. How much does a forensic psychologist make for 2025?
6. Which states pay forensic psychologists the most?
7. What assessment tools do forensic psychologists use?
8. Is affordable education essential for a successful career in forensic psychology?
9. How can advanced education shape career success in forensic psychology?
10. What are the common misconceptions about forensic psychology?
11. Can counseling insights enhance forensic psychology practice?
12. What are the ethical challenges forensic psychologists face?
13. What are the latest trends in forensic psychology for 2025?
14. How do you become a forensic psychologist for 2025?
15. Other Things You Should Know About What a Forensic Psychologist Does

What does a forensic psychologist do on a daily basis?

A forensic psychologist acts as a vital bridge between mental health and the legal system. On any given day, their work might involve conducting psychological evaluations for court cases, assessing a defendant’s competency to stand trial, or preparing reports that influence legal outcomes. They also provide expert witness testimony and consult with attorneys, judges, and law enforcement on psychological matters relevant to a case.

While their caseload may vary, much of their day revolves around documentation and communication. Forensic psychologists often interview clients, analyze psychological testing data, and draft reports with clear, objective language that holds up under legal scrutiny. They may also participate in criminal or civil court proceedings, where they must explain complex psychological concepts in plain terms for a judge or jury.

Their work can overlap with that of other forensic specialists. For instance, individuals more interested in human remains and physical anthropology might explore forensic anthropologist job requirements, which focus on identifying skeletal remains in criminal investigations and mass disaster contexts.

Others might be drawn to firearms analysis and physical evidence. In that case, it’s worth learning about forensic ballistics expert job requirements—a role centered around identifying weapons used in crimes and matching them to bullet or shell casing evidence.

What skills should forensic psychologists have?

To thrive in forensic psychology, a strong mix of clinical expertise, analytical thinking, and communication skills is essential. According to data from Zippia, eight core competencies are consistently found in forensic psychologist resumes for 2025, reflecting the real-world demands of the role.

• Psychological Evaluations (12.0%) – The ability to assess individuals for mental health disorders or legal competencies is foundational. These evaluations often determine whether a defendant is fit to stand trial or understand the charges against them.
• Understanding of Mental Illness (11.0%) – Forensic psychologists must identify and differentiate between various mental illnesses, especially when making diagnoses that can influence court outcomes.
• Risk Assessments (11.0%) – These involve gauging the likelihood of future violent or criminal behavior. Accurate risk assessments help courts make informed decisions about sentencing, parole, or treatment needs.
• Forensic Evaluations (10.5%) – A broader skill set that includes evaluating psychological factors relevant to legal cases, including civil disputes and child custody issues.
• Mental Health Expertise (8.4%) – Beyond diagnoses, a deep understanding of overall mental wellness enables psychologists to make holistic and informed recommendations.
• Use of Psychological Tests (7.5%) – Tools such as MMPI or WAIS are used regularly to collect objective data that supports a psychologist’s conclusions.
• Substance Abuse Knowledge (5.6%) – Many forensic cases involve substance misuse, making it crucial to understand addiction, withdrawal, and recovery within a psychological context. Speaking of substance abuse, check out our article on the national requirements substance abuse counselors adhere to.

The remaining 34% of resumes reflect diverse skills like conducting clinical interviews, fulfilling court orders, offering consultation services, and delivering diagnostic assessments. Together, these competencies highlight the profession’s complexity—and the need for constant learning and adaptability.

Where do most forensic psychologists work?

Forensic psychologists are found in a variety of settings, reflecting the diverse needs of the criminal justice and healthcare systems. According to Zippia, the most common industries for forensic psychologists are government (37%), health care (29%), and education (8%). Many work in correctional facilities, courts, psychiatric hospitals, and private consulting firms.

In government roles, forensic psychologists might evaluate individuals for parole eligibility or work with law enforcement to develop criminal profiles. In healthcare, they often assess and treat patients within secure psychiatric settings. Academic institutions may also employ forensic psychologists for teaching or research, especially those with advanced degrees.

Your work environment may be closely tied to your education path—just as students researching what degree is needed for computer forensics must carefully plan their coursework, forensic psychology candidates need strong foundations in both psychology and law. Licensing requirements and state laws may influence the exact roles available, but flexibility is key in this field.

For those drawn to varied, high-impact work, forensic psychology offers opportunities across both public and private sectors, often with the chance to influence real legal decisions.

If you are interested in becoming a school counselor, check out our previous article on the topic. It answers questions like "What does a school counselor do?" and "How much does a school counselor make?"

Is forensic psychology a high-demand field for 2025?

Yes, forensic psychology remains a growing and competitive field for 2025. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment for "psychologists, all other" is projected to grow 5% from 2023 to 2033, which is faster than the average for all occupations. By 2033, total employment in this broader category is expected to reach 56,600 positions.

More specifically, Zippia reports that the job growth rate for forensic psychologists is approximately 6%, with over 11,000 new jobs projected in the coming years. This growth is fueled by increasing awareness of mental health issues in the justice system, a greater need for expert witness testimony, and ongoing criminal justice reform efforts. While the field is not expanding as rapidly as some others in tech or healthcare, demand remains steady—especially for those with strong credentials and specialized training.

How much does a forensic psychologist make for 2025?

As of 2025, forensic psychologists in the US earn an average annual salary of $83,065, according to Zippia. Entry-level professionals may start around $56,000, while those with more experience and specialized roles can earn up to $121,000 per year. The average hourly rate across the country is $39.94, making this a financially stable career path for individuals with the right qualifications.

Salaries tend to correlate strongly with educational background and credentials. Professionals who pursue a master’s in psychology online often qualify for higher-paying roles, especially if their degree includes a forensic or clinical specialization. Graduate education also opens the door to licensure and board certification, both of which are critical for independent practice.

Those aiming for top-tier salaries or leadership positions may benefit from pursuing an online doctorate in psychology. With a doctoral degree, psychologists can take on roles in teaching, advanced consulting, or supervising clinical programs within the legal system. While the cost of education can be significant, the return on investment over a long-term career in forensic psychology is typically strong.

Which states pay forensic psychologists the most?

Location plays a major role in salary expectations for forensic psychologists. Zippia data reveals that the highest-paying states offer well above the national average. These states include:

States with large urban populations, high costs of living, or dense legal and correctional systems tend to offer more lucrative opportunities. For those willing to relocate, targeting states like California or Washington could be a smart financial decision, especially when combined with strong credentials and specialized training.

What assessment tools do forensic psychologists use?

According to a 2024 survey by LaDuke et al., 83% of clinical forensic psychologists conduct forensic assessments regularly. They rely on a wide range of assessment tools to gather objective data and support their legal conclusions. These tools are chosen based on the referral question—such as competency to stand trial, risk of reoffending, or presence of mental illness.

Commonly used psychological assessments include:

• Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) – Often used to assess personality structure and psychopathology.
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) – A standard for evaluating cognitive functioning and IQ.
• Static-99R – A widely used actuarial tool to assess the risk of sexual offense recidivism.
• Historical Clinical Risk Management (HCR-20) – A structured clinical guide for assessing violence risk.
• Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-IV) – Used to diagnose personality disorders, especially in forensic settings.

Risk assessments play a central role in many forensic cases, especially when determining if a defendant is a danger to themselves or others. These tools are most effective when combined with clinical interviews, collateral information, and behavioral observations.

Is affordable education essential for a successful career in forensic psychology?

Financial accessibility plays a critical role in shaping the career trajectory of aspiring forensic psychologists. Cost-effective pathways to advanced education not only alleviate the burden of student debt but also enable a broader range of qualified individuals to enter and advance in the field. For candidates facing financial limitations, exploring options like the most affordable PsyD programs can offer a practical approach to obtaining the necessary credentials. Evaluating tuition options, scholarship availability, and alternative funding mechanisms is essential for building a sustainable career while ensuring high-quality academic preparation.

How can advanced education shape career success in forensic psychology?

Advanced education not only deepens clinical and legal expertise but also provides a competitive edge in a demanding field. Specialized programs offer structured internships, rigorous coursework, and access to emerging assessment methodologies that refine decision-making and enhance courtroom efficacy. Pursuing tailored advanced degrees—including forensic psychology master's programs online—can lead to enhanced leadership opportunities, improved salary prospects, and a robust professional network, all of which are critical for long-term career advancement.

What are the common misconceptions about forensic psychology?

Many professionals and the general public often simplify the field of forensic psychology, mistakenly equating it solely with criminal profiling or courtroom dramatics. In practice, forensic psychologists contribute to a variety of legal contexts—including civil assessments, risk evaluations, and consultation on public policy. This oversimplification can overshadow the discipline’s broader applications, such as interdisciplinary research and preventive community work. Clarifying these misunderstandings not only elevates professional credibility but also opens pathways for collaboration with adjacent fields, like mental health counseling through cheap online marriage and family therapy programs.

Can counseling insights enhance forensic psychology practice?

Integrating counseling perspectives can provide forensic psychologists with advanced communication and empathy skills that complement traditional forensic assessments. By understanding counseling techniques, professionals may refine their approach to client interactions in high-stakes environments, improve behavioral interpretations during evaluations, and resolve conflicts more effectively in courtroom settings. Such insights can help balance the objectivity required in forensic work with the sensitivity needed to engage with individuals in distress. For further exploration of interdisciplinary training models, consider reviewing resources on how many years of school to be a counselor as a potential pathway.

What are the ethical challenges forensic psychologists face?

Ethical practice is a cornerstone of forensic psychology, but the intersection of mental health and law often presents unique challenges. One of the most significant dilemmas involves dual relationships. Forensic psychologists must remain objective and avoid serving both therapeutic and evaluative roles with the same individual, as this could compromise the integrity of their conclusions.

Confidentiality is another common issue. Unlike traditional therapy, much of the information shared in forensic evaluations is not protected by therapist-client privilege. Psychologists must clearly explain these limitations to individuals during the informed consent process.

Other ethical concerns include:

• Bias and impartiality – Ensuring findings are presented neutrally, regardless of the retaining party.
• Competence – Only accepting cases that fall within one’s area of expertise.
• Cultural sensitivity – Avoiding assumptions or diagnostic errors based on cultural background or language differences.

Forensic psychologists must adhere to strict ethical standards set by bodies like the APA’s Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology to maintain trust and credibility in the courtroom.

What are the latest trends in forensic psychology for 2025?

Forensic psychology is evolving quickly for 2025, with technology, social policy, and mental health awareness driving much of the change. One major trend is the increased use of virtual evaluations. Remote assessments have become more accepted in court proceedings, allowing psychologists to work across state lines and reach underserved populations.

Another development is the integration of neuropsychological data into forensic work. Advances in brain imaging and cognitive science are enhancing how psychologists understand behavior, particularly in cases involving brain injury or developmental disorders.

Emerging focus areas include:

• Juvenile forensic psychology, with a greater emphasis on rehabilitation.
• Trauma-informed assessments, especially in domestic violence and child custody cases.
• Use of AI in data review, assisting psychologists in pattern recognition and case analysis.

As the legal system becomes more complex, forensic psychologists must stay informed about both legal precedents and scientific innovation.

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How do you become a forensic psychologist for 2025?

Becoming a forensic psychologist for 2025 requires a structured path that combines education, experience, and licensure. Most professionals begin by earning a bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field, followed by a graduate program focused on forensic or clinical psychology.

Many aspiring psychologists choose accelerated psychology programs to fast-track their education without sacrificing academic rigor. These programs can be especially appealing for working professionals or students seeking flexibility.

Key steps include:

1. Earn a relevant undergraduate degree
2. Complete a master’s and/or doctoral degree in psychology
3. Gain supervised clinical experience, typically during a doctoral internship
4. Pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP)
5. Obtain licensure in your state and consider board certification in forensic psychology

Optional credentials, such as continuing education in legal systems or trauma assessment, can further strengthen your qualifications. With the right preparation, you’ll be well-positioned to step into a complex but highly rewarding career in forensic psychology.

You can read our article on PsyD in clinical psychology qualifications if this particular field of psychology interests you more.

What do forensic psychologists say about their career?

I began my career in clinical psychology but found my true calling in forensic work after shadowing a psychologist during a criminal trial. Today, I conduct competency evaluations and testify in court, helping the legal system better understand mental health nuances. The cases are often intense, but knowing my insights can impact justice is incredibly rewarding. Balancing objectivity with empathy is challenging but essential in every report I write. I’ve never felt more purposeful in my work. Dana

After completing my doctorate, I was drawn to forensic psychology because it combined my passion for psychology with my interest in law. I now work in a correctional facility conducting risk assessments and designing treatment plans for inmates with mental health issues. It's not a 9-to-5 job—every day brings a new challenge and a chance to learn something new. What keeps me going is seeing real progress in people others had written off. The work is tough, but deeply meaningful. Marcus

My journey started in academia, where I focused on research, but I transitioned to forensic consulting after realizing how directly I could influence real-world cases. I now assist attorneys with psychological evaluations in child custody and civil litigation cases. Communicating psychological findings to non-experts—judges, juries, or lawyers—has become one of my favorite aspects of the role. It’s fulfilling to bring clarity to emotionally charged situations using science and empathy. I feel like I’m making a tangible difference every day. Priya

Key Findings

• Projected job growth is 6% for forensic psychologists, with over 11,000 new roles expected in the coming years.
• The average annual salary is $83,065, with experienced professionals earning up to $121,000.
• Most forensic psychologists work in government and healthcare, followed by education and professional sectors.
• Top-paying states include California and Delaware, significantly exceeding the national average.
• Psychological evaluations and understanding mental illness are the most common skills found in forensic psychologists’ resumes.

Other Things You Should Know About What a Forensic Psychologist Does

What’s the difference between a forensic psychologist and a criminal psychologist?

Forensic psychologists work within the legal system, applying psychological principles to both criminal and civil cases. Their work often involves assessments for court, expert testimony, and mental health evaluations. Criminal psychologists, on the other hand, focus more narrowly on criminal behavior, profiling, and the psychological motives behind crimes. While both may interact with law enforcement, their roles and training can differ significantly. Forensic psychology covers a broader range of legal contexts than criminal psychology.

Can a clinical psychologist become a forensic psychologist?

Yes, a clinical psychologist can transition into forensic psychology with additional training or experience in legal settings. Many forensic psychologists begin with a clinical background and later specialize through coursework, supervised practice, or forensic certifications. A strong understanding of mental health is essential, but they must also learn legal standards and courtroom procedures. Gaining experience through internships, consulting, or working with legal professionals helps build credibility. The shift is very possible and often done successfully.

Is forensic psychology the same as criminology?

No, forensic psychology and criminology are distinct fields with different goals. Forensic psychology applies psychology to legal questions, focusing on individuals involved in the justice system. Criminology, by contrast, is a social science that studies the causes, patterns, and prevention of crime at a societal level. While both fields may overlap in understanding crime, their methods and scopes differ. Forensic psychologists typically deal with people; criminologists focus on systems and data.

What happens if a forensic psychologist gives a wrong assessment?

If a forensic psychologist provides an incorrect assessment, it can have serious consequences for legal outcomes. The error might influence sentencing, custody decisions, or the determination of mental competency. Depending on the situation, the psychologist may be subject to professional review, legal action, or the loss of credibility in court. Courts may call for a second opinion or reevaluate the case. That’s why ethical standards, peer review, and clear documentation are so critical in this field.

References:

• BLS. (2025, April 18). Psychologists. BLS.
• LaDuke, C., DeMatteo, D., Brank, E. M., & Kavanaugh, A. (2024). Training, practice, and career considerations in forensic psychology: results from a field survey of clinical and non-clinical professionals in the United States. Frontiers in Psychology.
• PsychExperts. (2025, January 22). What are risk assessments in forensic psychology?. FC PsychExperts.
• Zippia. (2025, January 8). Forensic Psychologist Demographics and Statistics [2025]: Number of forensic psychologists in the US. Zippia.
• Zippia. (2025, January 8). Forensic Psychologist Salary (May 2025). Zippia.
• Zippia. (2025, January 8). Forensic Psychologist skills for your resume and career. Zippia.
• Zippia. (2024, July 25). Forensic Psychologist trends. Zippia.