What Can You Do With an Energy Policy Degree in 2025?

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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What jobs can you get with an energy policy degree?

Energy policy experts analyze, create, and implement policies that drive the transition to renewable energy and address environmental concerns. Here are some of the most common career paths:

• Energy Analyst: Energy analysts research energy trends, market conditions, and government policies to advise businesses, governments, or NGOs on energy use and strategic planning. They work in energy consulting firms or public agencies.
• Energy Policy Advisor: These professionals help impose energy policies at the local, state, or federal level. They collaborate with lawmakers, stakeholders, and advocacy groups to address energy challenges and promote clean energy alternatives.
• Sustainability Consultant: Sustainability consultants work with organizations to assess and improve their environmental impact. They may advise on renewable energy adoption, carbon footprint reduction, and aligning business practices with environmental goals.
• Renewable Energy Project Manager: This role involves overseeing the development, planning, and execution of renewable energy projects. Renewable energy project managers ensure projects are completed on time, within budget, and comply with energy regulations and sustainability goals.
• Environmental Compliance Specialist: These specialists guarantee that companies, government agencies, or other organizations comply with environmental laws and energy regulations. They conduct audits, develop compliance programs, and help implement sustainable practices within industries that are subject to stringent environmental laws.

How much can you make with an energy policy degree?

Entry-level positions like energy analysts earn around $70,000 to $80,000 annually. More senior roles or those with specialized expertise in renewable energy policy can command $90,000 to $120,000 or more. Additionally, individuals in consulting or management positions within the energy sector can see salaries exceeding $150,000.

While salaries in energy policy can be lucrative, they are also influenced by industry-specific factors, such as location and the size of the employer. For instance, professionals working in major energy hubs like Washington, D.C., or California often see higher salaries due to the concentration of government and private-sector energy policy work. For comparison, knowing typical electrical engineering salary ranges can help prospective energy policy professionals understand how technical expertise in engineering may intersect with policy roles, particularly in energy planning, grid management, or renewable technology projects.

However, smaller regions or entry-level roles may offer lower compensation, though the opportunity for growth in the field remains strong. 

Is energy policy a growing career field?

Energy policy is a rapidly growing career field, driven by the increasing global focus on sustainability, climate change, and the transition to renewable energy sources. As governments, industries, and organizations work toward meeting ambitious environmental goals, the call for experts in energy policy has surged.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that jobs in operations research analysts and environmental science will experience growth. Employment in these jobs is projected to increase by 23% and 7%, respectively, over the next decade. 

Moreover, the evolving global energy sector is expanding the scope of energy policy roles. With countries around the world implementing stricter climate policies and adopting clean energy technologies, professionals who can craft and execute effective energy policies are more idesired than ever.

For instance, the rise of electric vehicles, solar and wind energy, and energy storage solutions has created a need for skilled workers in both the private and public sectors. The government's renewed focus on clean energy, as well as international agreements like the Paris Climate Accord, has further intensified the demand for energy policy experts.

The energy policy field is also becoming more interdisciplinary, combining economics, law, environmental science, and technology. This interdisciplinary approach has made energy policy roles appealing to individuals with diverse educational backgrounds. Similarly, those exploring careers in aerospace or planetary research may compare space studies degree salary to energy policy positions, helping graduates understand potential earnings and plan their career paths strategically.

The chart below indicates the states with the highest number of energy jobs.

What are the best graduate programs for energy policy?

Graduate programs in energy policy provide specialized training for individuals interested in tackling the challenges of energy sustainability, regulation, and environmental impact. The following programs are highly regarded for their rigorous academic curricula, access to industry experts, and a strong emphasis on real-world application in energy policy.

Johns Hopkins University - Energy Policy and Climate Program

This interdisciplinary program focuses on energy systems, climate policy, and global energy markets. Students gain hands-on experience through projects and have access to a strong network of professionals in the field of energy policy.

Harvard Kennedy School - Master in Public Administration (MPA) in International Development (Energy)

Harvard's program equips students with the tools needed to address global energy challenges, including policy development, sustainability, and environmental management. The school’s strong connections with policymakers and industry leaders provide significant networking opportunities.

University of California, Berkeley - Energy and Resources Group (ERG)

UC Berkeley’s ERG program offers a comprehensive curriculum that combines energy policy, environmental sciences, and economics. Graduates are prepared for roles in energy analysis, policy advocacy, and sustainability initiatives.

Columbia University - School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) - Energy Policy

SIPA’s energy policy track focuses on both the technical and policy aspects of energy. Columbia’s central location in New York provides opportunities for internships and collaborations with key energy stakeholders.

Stanford University - Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources (E-IPER)

Stanford’s E-IPER program combines energy policy with a deep focus on environmental science, technology, and law. Students work on real-world energy challenges and have the opportunity to engage in groundbreaking research with top experts in the field.

Students interested in related fields can also research what degree do you need to be a conservation officer.

What skills do you develop in an energy policy program?

Energy policy programs blend technical, analytical, and policy-focused training. These skills help shape future energy systems, promoting innovation and influencing policy decisions.

• Policy Analysis and Development: Students learn to evaluate and devise policies that address energy-related issues, from sustainability to market regulation. They gain the ability to assess the potential impacts of energy laws and regulations on different sectors of society.
• Data Analysis and Modeling: Energy policy programs often include training in the use of data analysis tools and energy modeling software to predict trends, evaluate energy efficiency, and assess environmental impacts. These technical skills enable students to make informed decisions about energy resource management and policy design.
• Economic and Financial Assessment: Students understand energy economics, including pricing mechanisms, cost-benefit analysis, and market dynamics. This knowledge helps them analyze the economic implications of energy policies and guide stakeholders in decision-making. It also helps one become eligible for a high economist salary.
• Stakeholder Engagement and Communication: Effective communication skills help students engage with government officials, industry leaders, and the public. They also learn to present complex energy issues in a clear, actionable manner, fostering collaboration across sectors.
• Environmental and Sustainability Knowledge: A core component of energy policy programs is learning about the environmental impact of energy production and consumption, including renewable energy and climate change mitigation. What do sustainability managers do? Graduates are trained to assess and advocate for sustainable energy solutions that balance economic growth with environmental stewardship.

The table below shows energy usage in the U.S.

Are energy policy skills transferable to other careers?

Yes, the skills gained from an energy policy degree are highly transferable to consulting, corporate social responsibility, international development, and urban planning. For example, professionals trained in energy policy can easily transition into designing. They can also carry out policies for water management, waste reduction, or transportation sustainability. To get ahead, consider taking an accelerated online master's degree in supply chain management.

Moreover, the data analysis and financial modeling skills developed in an energy policy program are highly sought after in finance, investment, and consulting. Professionals with this expertise can evaluate the financial viability of renewable energy projects, assess the market impacts of policy changes, or help organizations invest in sustainable initiatives. The ability to communicate complex issues clearly and concisely is also essential in media and public relations to governmental roles. 

The adaptability of these skills is also reinforced by the growing recognition of sustainability as a business and governmental priority. Whether in nonprofit organizations, multinational corporations, or government agencies, the ability to study policy impacts, work through complex regulations, and champion sustainable practices equips individuals to contribute meaningfully to many high-demand, rapidly evolving fields.

What government agencies hire energy policy graduates?

The following agencies play a huge role in helping people transition to renewable energy. They offer graduates opportunities to influence national and international energy strategies while contributing to sustainability and environmental protection efforts.

• U.S. Department of Energy (DOE): The DOE is the primary federal agency overseeing energy production, regulation, and research in the U.S. Graduates can work on policy development, energy efficiency programs, or the implementation of renewable energy strategies at a national level.
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): The EPA is responsible for regulating environmental standards, including the management of energy consumption and its impact on climate change. Energy policy graduates can contribute to shaping regulations on carbon emissions, air quality, and sustainable practices within energy industries. This also illustrates the kinds of roles people consider when exploring what can you do with an environmental science degree, as many of the skills and knowledge overlap in areas like sustainability, environmental monitoring, and regulatory compliance.
• Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): FERC regulates the interstate transmission of electricity, oil, and natural gas, and is instrumental in supervising energy markets. Graduates with expertise in energy policy can engage in market regulation, policy analysis, and energy system management within FERC.
• Department of Interior (DOI) - Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM): BOEM administers the development of offshore energy resources, including wind, oil, and gas. Energy policy graduates can contribute to policy development and sustainability initiatives related to offshore energy production and resource management.
• U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID): USAID works on global development programs, including energy access and climate change mitigation in developing nations. Graduates can apply their energy policy skills to international projects aimed at increasing sustainable energy access and supporting energy resilience in emerging markets.

What internships are available for energy policy majors?

Internships for energy policy degree majors present hands-on experience, allowing students to apply their academic knowledge in the field while building connections within the energy sector. Some notable internships available to energy policy students are:

• DOE Internship Program: There are various DOE internships for students interested in energy policy, climate change, and sustainable energy initiatives. Interns work on projects related to energy regulations, clean energy research, and policy analysis
• Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC) Internship: EPIC offers internships for students interested in research and policy analysis related to energy and climate change. Interns support energy policy research, contribute to publications, and engage with policymakers on sustainable energy practices and climate strategies.
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Internships: NREL offers internships for students in energy policy, research, and technology development, specifically focusing on renewable energy and energy efficiency. Interns can work on cutting-edge energy projects and contribute to the advancement of clean energy solutions.
• Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Internship Program: RMI provides internships for energy policy students interested in sustainable business practices, renewable energy solutions, and climate change mitigation. Interns help strategize for transitioning to a low-carbon economy and controlling global energy markets.

Can you work internationally with an energy policy degree?

Yes, an energy policy degree opens up numerous opportunities for working internationally. Many countries are focusing on energy security, sustainability, and reducing their carbon footprint. Energy policy graduates can work in international organizations, foreign government agencies, NGOs, or multinational corporations involved in global energy projects, climate change advocacy, and policy development.

International organizations like the United Nations (UN), World Bank, and International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly hire energy policy experts to help define global energy strategies, enact sustainability projects, and lead international agreements on climate change.

Many countries are also opening up positions for policy experts to advise on the regulatory frameworks, economic feasibility, and environmental implications of these projects. Graduates can advise foreign governments on energy policy design, regulatory compliance, and emission reduction as well.

For students exploring broader healthcare and science fields, this is similar to how a health science bachelor degree career options can open doors internationally, allowing graduates to work in public health, medical research, or global health policy while leveraging their specialized expertise across borders.

Furthermore, working internationally can provide exposure to various energy systems and policy landscapes. The interconnected nature of global energy markets means that energy policy expertise is highly transferable across borders, making it an ideal field for those interested in international careers focused on sustainability and energy security.

What are alternative careers for energy policy graduates outside policy?

Energy policy degree graduates have the flexibility to land jobs outside of traditional policy roles. Their mastery of energy economics, environmental impact, and project management makes them qualified for the private and nonprofit sectors. 

• Energy Consultant: Energy consultants help businesses, governments, and organizations improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and meet sustainability goals. They advise clients on strategies for renewable energy adoption, cost-saving measures, and regulatory compliance.
• Sustainability Manager: Many organizations hire sustainability managers to mitigate environmental impact, including energy consumption and waste reduction. These professionals use their energy policy background to guide corporate sustainability initiatives. If you're interested in fashion and sustainability, explore today's top fashion design programs.
• Renewable Energy Project Manager: Project managers in the renewable energy sector manage the development and implementation of solar, wind, or other renewable energy projects. Energy policy graduates bring valuable skills in regulatory compliance, energy market analysis, and stakeholder coordination.
• Environmental Risk Analyst: Environmental risk analysts assess and alleviate risks related to energy production. They work in finance, insurance, or consulting, evaluating the long-term sustainability of energy investments and projects. They can also upskill with the shortest online masters in emergency management degree programs.
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Specialist: CSR specialists help businesses operate in socially responsible ways. They help adopt energy-efficient practices and align their operations with environmental sustainability goals.

Here’s What Graduates Have to Say About Their Energy Policy Careers

Other Things You Should Know About What You Can Do with an Energy Policy Degree

What is the best degree for an energy career?

A degree in energy policy, environmental science, or sustainable energy is often a strong foundation. For those interested in the policy and regulatory aspects, a degree in energy policy equips graduates with the tools to analyze energy markets, develop sustainability initiatives, and understand global environmental challenges.

Alternatively, degrees in engineering, economics, or business with a focus on energy can also be integral, particularly for roles in energy production, management, or technological innovation. 

What is the highest-paying job in energy?

The highest-paying job in the energy sector is typically that of a petroleum engineer or energy executive, specifically in senior management positions. Petroleum engineers design and develop methods for extracting oil and gas, and they can earn substantial salaries.

High-level executives such as Chief Energy Officers (CEOs) or Chief Sustainability Officers (CSOs) in large energy firms command some of the highest compensation packages in the industry due to their strategic decision-making responsibilities and business leadership.

How will AI and technology affect energy policy jobs?

AI is changing energy policy jobs by making data analysis faster and more accurate. Professionals now use machine learning to forecast demand, assess renewable energy, and measure policy impacts, requiring stronger tech and data skills.

New technologies like smart grids, storage, and cybersecurity are also shaping the field. Policy experts must guide their use responsibly, creating demand for graduates who understand both energy systems and emerging tech.

What soft skills are important in energy policy careers?

Soft skills are vital in energy policy careers since the work requires collaboration across governments, industries, and communities. Communication is key for explaining complex issues, and negotiation skills help balance competing interests.

Critical thinking and problem-solving are also important for analyzing data and creating solutions. Leadership, adaptability, and cultural awareness support success, especially in international or diverse policy settings.