What Can You Do With a Space Studies Degree in 2025?

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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What jobs can you get with a space studies degree in 2025?

A degree in space studies opens the door to a wide range of careers both within and beyond the aerospace industry. Because the field blends science, technology, and problem-solving, it equips students with versatile skills that are valuable in government agencies, private space companies, research institutions, and educational organizations.

Below are some of the main job options available:

• Space Scientist: Conduct research and develop technology to advance our understanding of space. Specializations include planetary science, astrobiology, and space physics.
• Astrophysicist: Use theoretical models and simulations to study cosmic phenomena such as black holes, neutron stars, and dark matter.
• Aerospace Engineer: Design, construct, and test aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and missiles. Involves both technical and research tasks.
• Mission Controller: Coordinate all aspects of space missions, working closely with astronauts, engineers, and scientists to ensure mission success.
• Satellite Technician: Install, maintain, and repair satellites for communications, research, and navigation purposes.
• Space Systems Operator: Monitor and control space systems, ensuring real-time mission success and the safety of assets and personnel.
• Space Data Analyst: Analyze vast datasets from space missions, telescopes, and satellites, supporting scientific research and space operations.
• Space Policy Analyst: Work with governments and agencies to develop and evaluate policies and regulations for space exploration and resource management.
• Space Law Specialist: Focus on legal issues related to space—such as treaties, regulations, and commercial activities—in both government and private sectors.
• Avionics Technician: Maintain and repair the electronic systems used in spacecraft and aircraft, such as radar and navigational aids.
• Meteorological Technician: Install and maintain weather equipment, analyze weather data, and contribute to space weather forecasting.
• Biologist or Space Medicine Researcher: Study the effects of space travel on humans, contribute to life support systems, and astrobiology initiatives.
• Educator or Science Communicator: Teach, write, or manage educational programs related to space science, working in schools, universities, museums, or science centers.

For students who are exploring related paths, asking what can you do with a biochemistry degree can provide helpful comparisons, since both disciplines prepare graduates for research, technical innovation, and roles that push the boundaries of science.

What is the job growth and future outlook for the space industry?

The future outlook for the space industry is strong, with significant job growth and high demand for skilled professionals. The space sector has demonstrated robust employment growth, outpacing the U.S. private sector. Over the last decade, space sector employment increased by 27%, while the overall private sector grew by 14.3%.

This space industry's growth is even more pronounced over the past five years, with employment growing by 18% from 2019 to 2024. This growth points to a healthy and expanding job market.

Demand for Skilled Labor and Salary Trends

The Space Foundation highlights a growing need for skilled workers in the space industry, especially in fields such as computer science and data analysis. This demand is driven by the increasing number of global launches, which in turn generates more data that needs to be processed and analyzed.

For example, the demand for information security analysts is projected to grow by 32% over the next eight years. The financial prospects are also promising, with the average salary in the private U.S. space industry at $135,000 in 2023, which is nearly double the average private sector wage. This strong compensation reflects the high value placed on specialized skills within the industry.

What is the average salary for someone with a space studies degree?

The average salary for someone with a space studies degree in 2025 varies widely based on job type and location. For space scientists in the United States, the average annual pay is approximately $305,000, with salaries typically ranging between $297,500 (25th percentile) and $312,500 (75th percentile).

Top earners can make up to $317,000 per year. In Boston, this average is higher, reaching around $331,352 annually, while top earners can make up to $344,389.

However, entry-level and technician-related roles such as satellite technician, meteorological technician, and avionics technician have lower average salaries:

• Avionics technician: $62,358 per year
• Satellite technician: $59,610 per year
• Meteorological technician: $52,713 per year

For aerospace engineers, the average salary is approximately $93,737, while those in specialized engineering or research roles can earn median annual wages of $134,830 or higher. For those looking to enter the field quickly, pursuing the fastest online space studies degree can be a great way to accelerate their career path.

Meanwhile, the chart below shows the top 5 highest-paying cities for space science jobs:

How long does it take to complete a space studies degree?

The time it takes to complete a space studies degree depends on the level of the degree and whether you study full-time or part-time:

• Bachelor’s Degree: Typically takes four years of full-time study to complete.
• Master’s Degree: Most programs take between two and 2.5 years full-time. For those studying part-time (often online while working), the duration is typically around three years.
• Professional Science Master’s (PSM) or accelerated master’s: Some intensive programs can be completed in 16–22 months (as few as three semesters), depending on workload and internship duration.

While duration is an important factor, students should also think about career outcomes. For example, many graduates pursue aerospace or policy roles, but others transition into data-driven careers such as geographic information systems jobs, where space studies training in satellite imagery and earth observation provides a strong foundation.

This information covers the time commitment, but it's equally important to consider the most common educational pathways. The chart below shows the most common space engineering degrees:

What are the different concentrations and specializations within a space studies program?

Space studies programs offer a range of concentrations and specializations that allow students to tailor their education toward specific interests and career goals. Common concentrations and areas of focus include:

• Aerospace Science: Focuses on space transportation systems, orbital mechanics, rocket propulsion, launch/reentry systems, and spacecraft design.
• Astronomy: Covers observatory and planetarium operation, celestial objects (stars, exoplanets, galaxies), space weather, cosmology, and planetary science.
• Earth Science: Explores Earth's physical, chemical, and biological processes, geosciences, climate, weather, natural hazards, and remote sensing.
• Space Entrepreneurship: Emphasizes business feasibility, legal aspects, venture funding, technology innovation, and space resources management.
• Space Policy: Prepares students for roles in space operations management, diplomacy, space law, national and international space organizations, and policy development. For those interested in this specialization, pursuing a fast track public policy degree online can provide a solid and efficient foundation.
• Space Engineering: Involves the design and operation of spacecraft and instruments, often with hands-on laboratory and project experience.
• Space Physics: In-depth study of the Sun-Earth space system, space weather, and quantitative/theoretical/computational skills for research.
• Space Applications and Remote Sensing: Applies space technology to Earth observation, planetary study, and practical uses such as GIS and remote sensing.
• Military Space: Examines the operational and strategic aspects of military space operations and defense applications.
• Space Law and Regulation: Focuses on the legal framework for space activities, including treaties and policy.
• Life Sciences and Space Medicine: Studies human physiology in microgravity, life support systems, and astrobiology.
• Space History and Science Communication: Looks at the evolution of space exploration and its societal impact, as well as science outreach.

How much does a space studies degree cost? 

The cost of a space studies degree generally ranges as follows:

• For a Bachelor’s degree, tuition typically ranges from about $12,000 to $36,000 per year, depending on residency and institution type.
• For a Master’s degree, tuition can range approximately from $4,000 to $35,000 per year or more, with some programs charging per credit hour between roughly $300 and $700.
• Specialized or prestigious programs, such as accredited European space studies master’s, may charge around €32,000 for the full program (about $35,000 to $36,000), excluding living expenses.
• Less expensive online or public university options for master’s programs can cost between $4,000 and $10,000 annually.

Is a master's or Ph.D. required to work in the space industry?

A master's or Ph.D. is not universally required to work in the space industry, but the necessity depends heavily on the specific role and level of specialization:

• Many entry-level and technical roles, especially in engineering, software development, or operations, often require a bachelor’s degree in aerospace engineering, physics, computer science, or related STEM fields.
• Advanced research, scientist, and leadership roles typically require a master’s degree or Ph.D., particularly in specialized fields such as astrophysics, space science, propulsion, or space medicine.
• Positions in space policy, law, and management may require a master’s degree, sometimes with relevant experience.
• Employers highly value technical skills, practical experience, and specialized knowledge alongside formal education. In many cases, enhancing skills in AI, big data, software, or advanced engineering tools can be as important as the degree level.
• Government agencies like the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Space Force have specific educational requirements often starting at a bachelor’s level, but competitive or senior posts lean toward graduate degrees.

What skills are most important for a space studies major to develop?

For a space studies major, developing a combination of technical and soft skills is crucial for success in the space industry:

Technical Skills 

• Aerospace engineering fundamentals such as aerodynamics, propulsion systems, structural analysis, and systems engineering.
• Orbital mechanics and mission analysis, including understanding Kepler’s laws, transfer orbits, and space mission simulation tools like STK, GMAT, and MATLAB.
• Data analysis and programming, particularly proficiency in languages like Python, C++, and Java, along with knowledge of algorithms and software for satellite and space research.
• Physics and mathematics knowledge, especially in astrophysics, space physics, and planetary science. A great way to gain this foundational knowledge is through the fastest online physics degree, which can build a strong scientific background efficiently.
• Remote sensing and Earth observation technologies for environmental monitoring and planetary exploration.
• Life sciences and space medicine basics if specializing in human spaceflight or astrobiology.

Soft Skills 

• Problem-solving and critical thinking to handle complex and novel challenges in space missions.
• Teamwork and collaboration, since space projects require multidisciplinary teamwork across organizations and countries.
• Communication skills, including the ability to clearly explain complex technical information to diverse audiences.
• Decision-making under uncertainty, essential for mission control and operations.

Beyond these general areas, an analysis of the job market reveals a more granular view of the most in-demand technical skills for space engineers, with specific software and competencies leading the way:

What types of research can a space studies graduate conduct?

A space studies graduate can conduct research across a wide range of topics within the space sector, encompassing science, technology, engineering, and policy. Some key types of research include:

• Space Technology Development: Innovating new technologies for propulsion, cryogenic fluid management, advanced avionics, autonomous systems, robotics, space manufacturing, and in-space servicing to enable more efficient and sustainable space exploration.
• Space Environment and Heliophysics: Studying physical processes from the Sun to the heliopause, including solar activity, space weather, and interactions within the heliosphere that affect planetary environments and mission safety.
• Planetary Science and Exploration: Investigating planets, moons, asteroids, and small bodies, including geological mapping, surface processes, and comparative planetology.
• Astrophysics and Cosmology: Researching stars, galaxies, black holes, cosmic background radiation, and the fundamental forces shaping the universe.
• Space Policy and Law: Analyzing the political, commercial, and legal aspects of space activities to support sustainable governance and international cooperation.

Graduates may also collaborate with earth-focused fields. For example, space-based research often supports climate studies and environmental monitoring, which intersect with careers in sustainability and engineering. When considering such roles, it’s useful to note benchmarks like the environmental engineering salary, which provides context for compensation in adjacent technical fields that also rely heavily on data analysis and applied science.

How does a background in space studies help with careers in technology or IT?

A background in space studies greatly benefits careers in technology or IT by providing relevant technical, analytical, and problem-solving skills that are highly valued in these fields. Here’s how space studies help in technology or IT careers:

• Strong Technical Foundation: Space studies involve learning fundamentals of aerospace technology, data systems, programming (often including Python, C++, MATLAB, and Java), and mission analysis software. This foundation directly translates to skills needed in software development, systems engineering, data analysis, and IT infrastructure.
• Data Analysis and Big Data Skills: Space missions produce large datasets from satellites, telescopes, and sensors. Graduates learn to analyze complex data, pattern recognition, and statistical methods, which are valuable in tech roles focused on big data, AI, and machine learning. Individuals seeking to quickly gain these skills should consider enrolling in the shortest online data analytics programs.
• Systems and Network Understanding: Knowledge of satellite communications, space system operations, and remote sensing involves understanding complex networks and system integrations, which overlap with network administration, cybersecurity, and cloud computing.
• Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking: Space studies train students to solve challenging engineering problems and analyze complex scientific phenomena, sharpening critical thinking skills highly applicable to software development, IT troubleshooting, and technology innovation.
• Project Management and Collaboration: Working on interdisciplinary space projects fosters teamwork and project management skills, essential in technology product development and IT project delivery.
• Exposure to Emerging Technologies: Students often engage with cutting-edge technologies and tools used in simulation, modeling, and communications, preparing them for innovative tech roles.

For students looking to build on this foundation, pursuing an IT certification career path can be a smart move. Certifications in areas like cloud computing, cybersecurity, or data analytics complement the technical skills gained from space studies, making graduates more competitive in both IT and technology-driven industries.

What are the emerging trends in the commercial space industry that will create new jobs?

Emerging trends in the commercial space industry that are creating new job opportunities include:

• In-Space Manufacturing (ISM): Rapid growth in 3D printing, microgravity casting, and robotics for manufacturing satellites, spacecraft components, fiber optics, and pharmaceuticals in orbit. This market is expected to expand significantly, leading to jobs in engineering, manufacturing, robotics, and materials science.
• Satellite Data Analytics: Increasing demand for expertise in big data analysis, Earth observation, remote sensing, and AI-powered analytics to extract insights from growing satellite constellations and improve applications in agriculture, climate monitoring, and security.
• Space Robotics and Autonomous Systems: The Development of robotic arms, autonomous spacecraft servicing, assembly, and maintenance in orbit requires robotics engineers, AI specialists, and mission operations experts. Those looking to specialize in this area and advance quickly may want to consider one of the fastest online master's in artificial intelligence programs.
• Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP): Innovations in harvesting solar energy in space for continuous power generation on Earth are driving roles in power systems engineering, energy management, and satellite design.
• Advanced Propulsion Technologies: Breakthroughs in nuclear propulsion, electric propulsion, and reusable launch vehicles are expanding deep-space exploration, with jobs in propulsion research, aerospace engineering, and mission design.

Here’s What Graduates Have to Say About Their Space Studies Degree

Other Things You Should Know About What to Do With a Space Studies Degree 

What is the highest paying job in space?

The highest-paying jobs in the space industry are typically senior technical and leadership roles. At NASA, positions such as Technical Fellows and Senior Technical Leaders offer salaries between $172,000 and $177,400 annually, making them some of the best compensated in the field.

In the private sector, senior aerospace engineering roles—including program managers and design leads at companies like SpaceX and Lockheed Martin—often earn $150,000 to over $200,000 per year.

What careers go into space?

Careers that go into space include a wide range of roles in science, engineering, technology, and operations. These include aerospace engineers who design and build spacecraft, scientists studying celestial phenomena, astronauts who physically travel to space, and mission controllers who oversee space missions.

Other vital careers involve satellite communications, space robotics, software development for space systems, space policy, and space law. Additionally, commercial space firms and government agencies hire professionals in cybersecurity, data analysis, and project management to support space exploration and commercialization efforts.

Is a career in space worth it?

A career in space can be worth it for those passionate about science, technology, and exploration, but it comes with both rewards and challenges. The field offers competitive salaries—engineers, scientists, and space industry leaders often earn well above national averages—and the chance to work on groundbreaking projects that advance human knowledge and innovation.

However, careers in space also require advanced education, long hours, and sometimes job instability due to funding or policy changes. For individuals motivated by curiosity and innovation, the personal and professional rewards usually outweigh the challenges, making it a fulfilling long-term career path.

Which degree is best for NASA? 

The best degree for a career at NASA is typically a bachelor’s degree in a STEM field such as aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, physics, or planetary science. For specialized or advanced roles, especially astronaut positions or scientific research careers, a master’s degree or Ph.D. is often required.

Degrees in electrical engineering, applied mathematics, meteorology, and materials science are also valuable. Along with education, NASA values professional experience, internships, and strong technical skills.