Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in Alabama in 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Are you considering becoming a substitute teacher in Alabama but not sure where to start? Serving as a substitute here is more than just flexible work, it’s a chance to make a meaningful difference in students’ daily learning and gain valuable experience in diverse classrooms.

With school districts across Alabama facing an ongoing need for dedicated substitutes, this role offers a practical pathway to explore education as a career or supplement your income with purpose.

In this article, you’ll find a clear, up-to-date guide covering the requirements, application steps, salary expectations, and tips for success—all backed by thorough research to help you navigate the process with confidence.

Key Points About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Alabama

Applicants must hold at least a bachelor’s degree and obtain a substitute teaching certificate from the Alabama State Department of Education, ensuring readiness to support diverse classroom environments.
Substitute teachers in Alabama earn an average salary of approximately $38,290 per year, with demand growing steadily due to teacher shortages and expanding school enrollments.
Alabama offers excellent entry points into education careers, with supportive districts and flexible scheduling, making it ideal for gaining valuable experience and building a strong teaching foundation.

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Alabama?
What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in Alabama?
How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Alabama?
How do substitute teachers receive assignments in Alabama districts?
Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in Alabama?
How much do substitute teachers make in Alabama?
What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in Alabama?
What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in Alabama?
What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Alabama?
What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in Alabama?
How can additional certifications boost a substitute teacher's career in Alabama?
How can substitute teachers access professional development opportunities in Alabama?
Other Things to Know About Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in Alabama

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Alabama?

Understanding the substitute teacher requirements in Alabama is essential to navigate the licensing process smoothly and confidently. Here are the key steps and criteria you need to meet to earn your substitute teaching license:

Educational Attainment: A high school diploma or equivalent such as a GED is mandatory. Some districts may offer higher pay for candidates with college credits or degrees, so pursuing further education can be beneficial.
Application Submission: Unlike other licenses, you cannot apply independently. Your local school district’s superintendent or an administrator must submit your application to the Alabama Department of Education on your behalf.
Employer Recommendation: A recommendation from your employing school district is vital. Having references from educators or previous employers who can vouch for your classroom readiness strengthens your application.
Criminal Background Check and Fingerprinting: Passing a thorough background check, including fingerprinting by both the Alabama Bureau of Investigation and the FBI, is required to ensure the safety of students.
Application Fee: A non-refundable fee of $30 is necessary to process your substitute teacher license.

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What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in Alabama?

In Alabama, substitute teaching opportunities are supported by specific permits designed to match varying educational backgrounds and experience levels. Here are the main types of substitute teaching permits available in the state:

Standard Substitute Teaching Certificate: This permit is for individuals holding a valid Alabama teaching certificate who want to work as substitutes. It allows certified educators to step in seamlessly when classrooms need support.
Emergency Substitute Teaching Certificate: Designed for those without a traditional teaching certificate, this option requires applicants to have at least 60 semester hours of college credit. It provides a valuable gateway for aspiring educators to gain classroom experience while completing further qualifications.
Non-Certified Substitute Permit: This permit suits individuals who may not meet the college credit requirements but wish to assist schools temporarily. Local school districts typically issue these permits based on their specific needs and criteria.

Each permit type accommodates different qualifications, offering flexibility for those eager to contribute to student learning in Alabama’s public schools. By selecting the permit that aligns with your credentials, you can embark on a rewarding journey as a substitute teacher.

Based on the chart below, special education was by far the most understaffed subject in public schools for the 2022–23 school year, with 65% of schools affected. Shortages were also prevalent in general elementary education (43%) and ESL/bilingual education (33%). This indicates a growing need for skilled professionals in these disciplines. Those training or working in these areas are entering a job market full of opportunity and purpose. Specializing in these high-demand subjects can lead to rewarding and impactful careers.

How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Alabama?

Unlike traditional renewals, Alabama requires substitute teachers to reapply for a new license every five years, ensuring that all educators meet current standards and remain eligible to teach. Some of the renewal requirements are:

Application Submission: When your substitute teacher license expires, you must submit a new Application for a Substitute Teacher’s License; this process is a reapplication rather than a renewal.
Payment of License Fee: A non-refundable fee of $38 is required at the time of application, payable online through the state's designated payment portal or your local school district.
Background Clearance: A valid fingerprint-based background check through the Alabama Bureau of Investigation (ABI) and the FBI is necessary, especially if previous clearances have expired or were not submitted.
School District Verification: You will need a recommendation or verification from your employing Alabama county or city school superintendent to ensure your application meets district standards.
ALSDE Account Access: Creating or accessing an Alabama State Department of Education (ALSDE) Identity Management (AIM) account allows you to track your application status and communicate with state officials.

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How do substitute teachers receive assignments in Alabama districts?

Substitute teachers in Alabama typically receive assignments through various methods, depending on the school district's policies and available technology. Many districts use automated systems, while others rely on direct communication with school administrators. Here are the common ways substitutes are assigned work in Alabama:

Application and Licensing Process: Before receiving assignments, substitutes must secure a state-issued substitute teaching license, which includes background checks, fingerprinting, and meeting minimum education standards such as a high school diploma or equivalent.
District Registration and Employment Packet: Once licensed, substitutes apply to specific districts, often through online portals like ALSDE’s HireTrue or contracted agencies, completing district employment forms and sometimes attending orientations.
Assignment Notification Technologies: Many districts utilize automated calling systems, online platforms, and third-party services such as Kelly Educational Staffing to notify substitutes of openings, ensuring timely and efficient communication.
Priority and Preferred Substitute Systems: Some districts have established “preferred substitute” lists or priority assignment policies that favor reliable or senior substitutes, helping maintain consistency and familiarity in classrooms.
Regional Variations: Larger districts often have structured periodic application reviews and formal assignment processes, while smaller or rural districts may rely on direct phone calls or local contacts; contracted agencies tend to play a bigger role in urban areas.
Additional Roles Covered: Beyond teaching, substitutes may also be assigned to roles like nurses, bus drivers, or aides, reflecting the diverse staffing needs within Alabama’s school systems.

These systems show how essential substitutes are—and highlight the challenges districts face in consistently filling these roles.

how hard it is to find substitute teachers

Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in Alabama?

Substitute teaching in Alabama can open doors to full-time teaching opportunities, though it requires dedication and meeting specific criteria. This pathway offers valuable experience and connections that can support your journey toward a permanent classroom role.

Gaining Practical Experience: Working as a substitute provides direct insight into classroom dynamics, lesson delivery, and daily school routines, which strengthens your teaching skills and builds credibility with school leaders.

Networking Within Schools: Building positive relationships with teachers, principals, and administrators is crucial. These connections often lead to referrals and early awareness of full-time vacancies.

Proving Reliability and Professionalism: Demonstrating punctuality, adaptability, and a strong work ethic as a substitute increases your chances of being favored during hiring decisions.

Meeting Certification Requirements: While substitute licenses allow temporary teaching, securing a full-time role demands obtaining an Alabama teaching certificate, a separate credential that validates your qualifications.

Applying for Full-Time Roles: Stay vigilant on district job postings and submit formal applications when positions arise. This process often includes interviews, reference checks, and sometimes teaching demonstrations.

Fulfilling District Hiring Protocols: Beyond certification, candidates must comply with district-specific procedures such as background screenings and any required training before employment.

One substitute teacher from Alabama shared how the journey felt both challenging and rewarding. “At first, it was tough juggling unpredictable assignments and proving myself in different classrooms,” he reflected. “But each day offered a chance to learn and connect. Eventually, the relationships I built with administrators paid off when a full-time math position opened.”

He emphasized that persistence was key: “It wasn’t just about showing up; it was about consistently demonstrating passion and reliability. The process wasn’t quick, but knowing I was gaining experience every day kept me motivated.” His story illustrates how substitute teaching can be a meaningful stepping stone toward a fulfilling teaching career in Alabama.

How much do substitute teachers make in Alabama?

While substitute teaching offers flexibility and valuable classroom experience, knowing the salary expectations helps set realistic goals. The average pay for substitute teachers in Alabama generally falls between $14 and $18 per hour, with an annual average salary around $38,290. However, this can fluctuate based on various factors impacting earnings.

Credential Type: Salaries vary depending on your educational background and certifications. For instance, in Baldwin County, substitutes with a high school diploma earn about $115 per day, those with a four-year degree around $150, and fully certified teachers up to $180 daily.
Assignment Length: Longer-term assignments typically provide higher pay compared to day-to-day placements, since they demand continuity and greater responsibility in the classroom.
District and Location Differences: Urban and suburban districts or areas with higher living costs usually offer better wages, while rural districts may pay less. Checking local policies is essential to understand these variations.
Market Demand and Job Activity: The demand for substitute teachers in Alabama is currently low, which can affect wage levels and job availability across districts.

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What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in Alabama?

The substitute teacher job market in Alabama is robust due to ongoing teacher shortages and vacancies in Alabama. For those considering a substitute teacher license, understanding where demand is highest can guide your efforts and maximize your impact.

Statewide High Teacher Vacancies: Alabama consistently ranks among the top 10 states with teacher shortages, driven by fewer education graduates and persistent turnover. This creates a continuous need for substitutes to cover both short- and long-term absences.
Urban Centers (Birmingham and Montgomery): Large districts in these cities face high absenteeism and difficulty recruiting in critical subjects like special education and math, resulting in frequent requests for substitute teachers to maintain classroom stability.
Rural and Low-Income Counties (Dallas County and Black Belt Region): These areas struggle with limited certified teacher pools and budget constraints, increasing dependence on substitutes. Governance challenges and financial pressures intensify workforce instability here.
Special Education and Early Childhood Roles: Shortages in these specialized fields are particularly acute statewide, with hundreds of positions unfilled, driving consistent substitute demand to support vulnerable student populations.
Impact of Paid Parental Leave Policy: Starting July 2025, Alabama’s new policy will boost substitute needs temporarily as teachers take job-protected leave, with districts reimbursed for substitute costs during these periods.

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What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in Alabama?

Substitute teachers in Alabama carry a vital responsibility to uphold high ethical standards that foster trust, respect, and fairness in every classroom they enter. These expectations, grounded in state guidelines and district policies, ensure a professional and nurturing environment where all students have the opportunity to thrive. Embracing these principles not only reflects dedication to the teaching profession but also safeguards student welfare and school integrity.

Protecting Student Privacy: Substitute teachers must diligently safeguard all student information, including academic records and personal details, ensuring confidentiality is never compromised.
Creating Safe and Inclusive Spaces: It is essential to cultivate classrooms where students feel emotionally and physically secure, free from embarrassment or discrimination, while promoting equal opportunities for everyone.
Maintaining Professional Boundaries: Ethical conduct requires substitutes to act as trusted mentors without engaging in inappropriate relationships, preserving clear professional lines inside and outside school.
Following Laws and Policies: Compliance with all relevant federal, state, and local regulations, as well as school district procedures, is mandatory to uphold legal and ethical standards.
Championing Fairness and Integrity: Substitute teachers should advocate for equitable education, demonstrating honesty, fairness, and respect in every interaction.
Ensuring Accurate Reporting: Recording attendance, grades, and incidents truthfully is crucial; any falsification or omission is strictly prohibited.
Avoiding Conflicts of Interest: Teachers must refrain from using their position for personal gain or soliciting gifts, and maintain impartiality at all times.
Respecting Diversity and Promoting Equity: Harassment or discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or disability is unacceptable, as substitutes hinder the full potential of every student.
Unique Alabama Standards: The Alabama Educator Code of Ethics governs substitutes statewide, with violations potentially leading to certification revocation or removal from the roster, underscoring the state’s commitment to professional excellence.

When I spoke with a substitute teacher from Alabama, she reflected on how these ethical standards shaped her daily work. She recalled the challenge of stepping into unfamiliar classrooms, often with limited guidance, yet always prioritizing student confidentiality and fairness. “You learn quickly that your role is not just to fill a seat but to uphold trust,” she said, emphasizing the importance of maintaining professional boundaries even when building rapport.

She described moments when navigating district policies felt overwhelming, but adherence to these rules ultimately provided a framework that protected both students and herself. Her journey highlighted the rewarding nature of serving as a reliable, ethical presence in Alabama’s schools, affirming that integrity and respect are the cornerstones of effective substitute teaching.

What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Alabama?

While substitute teaching in Alabama is often considered a flexible and part-time role, it still offers a range of benefits that can make it an attractive option for many individuals. Although these benefits may vary by district and employment status, here are some of the common advantages substitute teachers in Alabama may receive:

Flexible Schedules: Substitute teaching offers unmatched flexibility, allowing you to select assignments that fit your personal timetable. This makes it an excellent option for those looking for part-time work or balancing other commitments.
Opportunities for Advancement: Experienced substitutes often gain access to long-term assignments that come with increased pay and greater job stability. Some districts also offer higher rates for administrative substitute roles.
Professional Development: Working as a substitute allows you to gain valuable classroom experience and exposure to diverse teaching environments. This hands-on experience supports career growth and complements formal education, making it beneficial for those pursuing the benefits of online masters degree in education.
Retirement and Benefits Eligibility: While most substitute teachers are part-time and may not qualify for full benefits, certain long-term assignments or consistent work can open eligibility for limited health and retirement plans depending on district policies.
District-Specific Incentives: Some Alabama school systems provide unique perks, such as bonus pay for difficult assignments or preferential access to internal job postings. Districts like Hoover also offer distinct pay scales for substitute nurses and transportation staff.

What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in Alabama?

While expected to uphold high ethical and professional standards similar to full-time educators, substitutes often face obstacles. The following points outline some of the most pressing difficulties encountered by Alabama’s substitute teachers, based on insights from local districts and educator feedback:

Inconsistent Scheduling: Assignments for substitutes can be unpredictable, with sudden changes or cancellations creating instability. This irregularity complicates financial planning and balancing other responsibilities.
Classroom Management Challenges: Managing behavior without established relationships or detailed lesson plans is a common struggle, making it harder to maintain order and foster learning.
Restricted Benefits: Unlike full-time teachers, substitutes rarely receive health insurance, retirement plans, or paid leave, which can deter long-term commitment to the role.
Ethical and Professional Expectations: Substitutes must maintain confidentiality and professionalism, yet often receive limited guidance on ethical boundaries, emphasizing the importance of building trust within school communities.
Certification and Legal Complexities: Meeting Alabama’s certification and ongoing professional requirements can be confusing and discouraging for newcomers, potentially limiting their employment opportunities.

Access to comprehensive district training or ongoing professional development is often lacking, leaving substitutes less prepared for the diverse challenges they face in the classroom.

As shown in the chart below, many substitutes want more support in areas like working with students with disabilities, applying trauma-informed strategies, and improving classroom management skills. This suggests that substitutes are frequently expected to handle complex teaching situations without enough preparation or clear guidance on job expectations and district policies.

How can additional certifications boost a substitute teacher's career in Alabama?

Further certifications beyond the initial substitute teaching permit can significantly enhance an educator’s professional profile by expanding pedagogical skills and increasing marketability. Advanced credentials provide targeted strategies for classroom management and differentiated instruction, positioning substitutes for opportunities in specialized settings and long-term roles. For detailed information regarding types of teaching certifications and requirements in Alabama, educators can explore the specific criteria and benefits associated with each certification option.

How can substitute teachers access professional development opportunities in Alabama?

Substitute teachers can enhance their classroom effectiveness by actively seeking out professional development that addresses contemporary pedagogical strategies and classroom management techniques. Many districts, state education agencies, and local professional associations offer targeted workshops, mentoring sessions, and online training modules tailored specifically for substitute educators. These opportunities provide practical insights into adapting lesson plans, managing diverse student needs, and utilizing technology to streamline instruction. Educators are encouraged to review available programs and leverage community-based initiatives to stay updated with emerging educational practices. For a comprehensive guide on the initial pathway, refer to how to become a substitute teacher in Alabama.

What Substitute Teachers in Alabama Say About Their Careers

Working as a substitute teacher in Alabama has given me incredible flexibility to balance my family life and career. The average daily pay allows me to contribute financially while still having time for my personal pursuits. I truly enjoy the freedom this role offers. – Jessica
Starting as a substitute teacher opened doors I never expected, including opportunities to advance into full-time teaching positions within the Alabama school system. The experience I gained has been invaluable and helped me grow professionally in ways I hadn’t imagined. It’s a rewarding path for anyone serious about education. – Tiffany
Alabama provides excellent professional development programs for substitute teachers, which have helped me enhance my classroom management and instructional skills. These resources make me feel supported and confident every day I step into a new classroom. It’s fulfilling to grow continuously while making a positive impact on students. – Rashida

Other Things to Know About Substitute Teaching License and Requirements in Alabama

Is substitute teaching in Alabama a good career option?

Becoming a substitute teacher in Alabama offers a practical entry point into the education field, providing valuable classroom experience and flexible work schedules. While substitute teaching may not offer the same stability or benefits as full-time positions, it can serve as a meaningful career option for recent graduates, career changers, or those seeking part-time employment. Additionally, many Alabama school districts report consistent demand for qualified substitutes, reflecting the importance and opportunity within this role.

Can substitute teachers work in special education classrooms in Alabama?

In Alabama, substitute teachers can work in special education classrooms; however, certain conditions apply. Substitutes assigned to special education settings typically need to have specific training or certification related to special education to ensure they can effectively support students with diverse learning needs.

Many school districts require substitutes to possess either a valid teaching certificate with a special education endorsement or documented completion of specialized training programs. While general substitute licenses allow for broader placement, districts often prioritize substitutes with relevant experience or credentials when filling special education vacancies.

Can you substitute teach at multiple school types in Alabama with one permit?

In Alabama, a substitute teaching permit is typically issued for a specific school system or type of school, such as public, private, or charter schools. This means that a substitute teacher cannot use a single permit to teach across multiple school types or districts.

The main reason for this restriction is that each school system has its own certification requirements, policies, and standards, which the permit is designed to reflect. Therefore, even if you hold a valid substitute teaching permit in one setting, you must obtain additional permits or approvals to substitute teach in other school types or districts within Alabama.

How do substitute teachers in Alabama handle student behavior issues?

According to the Alabama State Department of Education, substitutes are expected to follow the regular teacher’s behavior management plans and school policies. Their primary approach involves redirecting disruptive students, reinforcing positive behavior, and reporting serious issues to the school administration.

However, substitutes generally do not have the authority to impose formal disciplinary actions such as detention or suspension, which are typically reserved for full-time staff or administrators. This limitation requires substitutes to rely heavily on established protocols and seek support from school personnel when behavior problems escalate.