2025 Guide to Preparing for the Social Work Licensing Exam

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

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Becoming a social worker is fulfilling, especially if your passion is helping others and positively changing society. However, this path requires successfully navigating the social work licensing exam. Data from the Association of Social Work Boards (2022a) reveal that around 65,000 ASWB exam candidates take the test yearly. This crucial assessment ensures that professionals possess the knowledge and skills necessary to provide effective and ethical care to individuals and communities in need.

The exam can be challenging, encompassing many topics and requiring a comprehensive understanding of social work theory, practice, and ethics. Therefore, to help aspiring social workers prepare for this test, the Research.com team came up with this ASWB study guide. We will include details on the minimum requirements, exam outline, study tips, and resources and discuss what to do before, during, and after the test to ensure that you are equipped with the right tools and strategies to ace the test.

Guide to Social Work Licensing Exam Table of Contents

1. Social Work Licensing Initial Requirements for 2025
2. ASWB Exam Content
3. Social Work Licensing Exam Study Tips and Resources
4. Preparing for the ASWB Exam
5. Taking the ASWB Exam
6. After the ASWB Exam
7. Is Investing in Additional Certifications Worth the Effort?
8. Can Accelerated MSW Programs Fast-Track Your Social Work Career?
9. Pursuing Online Clinical MSW Programs for Social Workers
10. Ethical considerations
11. What Common Pitfalls Should Social Work Exam Takers Avoid?
12. Can Online Advanced Standing MSW Programs Enhance Your Exam Preparedness?
13. How Can a Human Services Degree Expand Your Professional Opportunities?
14. Choosing Between a DSW or a PhD in Social Work
15. What Should You Consider After Earning Your MSW?
16. What Are the Best Options for Those Looking to Pursue a Career in Social Work?
17. Understanding Social Worker Salary and Career Outlook

Social Work Licensing Initial Requirements for 2025

Taking the ASWB exam typically requires at least a bachelor’s social working degree. However, if you wish to become a clinical social worker, you must possess a master’s degree. In fact, 90% of members of the National Association for Social Workers (NASW) (n.d.) have master’s degrees. Evidently, a doctorate in social work is also encouraged.

Moreover, you are required to submit proof of good moral character. Higher-level exam takers must also submit proof of their supervised experience. Finally, all candidates must check their state or provincial regulatory board for specific requirements.

ASWB Exam Content

In this section, our team provides an overview of the test and details of the different categories of the ASWB exam to help you choose which assessment to take according to your chosen career path for social worker.

Social Work Exam Categories and Content Outlines

The test consists of 170 questions in multiple-choice format, including 20 items that are pretest questions for potential use in future exams. Your performance on these pretest items will not impact your final score. Instead, only the remaining 150 questions will be considered in determining your overall grade. Candidates must also complete the exam in four hours.

Furthermore, the ASWB exams are available in five categories, which are based on the levels of on-campus and online social work programs. They supply social work examination study guides that include the test coverage as well. To give you an idea, some of the major categories cover Human Development, Diversity, Behavior in the Environment, Assessment, Interventions Systems, and Professional Relationships, Values, and Ethics (ASWB, 2022a). The content and its percentage in the exam vary per category.

• Associate. This exam is for aspiring professionals who do not possess a degree in social work. Topics include strengths-based theories, social and economic justice, and criminal justice systems.
• Bachelors. It comprises the foundational and broad-spectrum practice of baccalaureate social work. Some of the core topics included in the content are communication styles, trauma assessment methods, and assertiveness training.
• Masters. The Licensed Master Social Worker or LMSW Exam covers utilizing specialized knowledge and skills in social work on a master’s level. Ethical issues, service delivery methods, and data collection analyses are part of the test. Check our guide to msw vs lcsw.
• Advanced Generalist. This assessment covers generalist or macro-level social work practice in nonclinical settings and requires takers to have at least two years of experience. Topics usually include gerontology, cultural considerations, and permanency planning.
• Clinical. The Clinical ASWB exam encompasses advanced practice and knowledge of clinical social work and also calls for candidates to possess a minimum of two years of experience. Its coverage includes crisis intervention theories, feedback methods, and leadership techniques.

Scoring and Passing Requirements

Candidates are encouraged to take the LCSW practice exam to help them get familiarized with the test. While this simulates the format and content of the licensing exam, it does not determine your passing grade. Exam takers need to obtain a score ranging from 90 to 107 out of 150 to succeed. Luckily, data spanning from 2011 show that most candidates pass the exam on their first try.

Moreover, the pass rates across categories have generally remained within the same ranges since 2018, save for some adjustments due to the small sizes of candidates in the Associates and Advanced Generalist categories. In 2021, the pass rates were 70.7% for the Associate exam, 68.7% for the Bachelor’s category, 73% for the Master’s assessment, 63.6% for the Advanced Generalist test, and 75.8% for the Clinical exam (ASWB, 2022b).

Social Work Licensing Exam Study Tips and Resources

In 2021, a total of 46,281 candidates took the exam (ASWB, 2022b). To increase your chances of success, we provide a few exam study tips and strategies below. We also include details on where to get resources, like an ASWB practice test, to aid you in reviewing for the exam.

Helpful Learning Techniques

Preparing for the social work licensure exam requires a strategic and focused approach. Therefore, having a list of study habits can help you manage your time, materials, and tasks well.

• Create a routine. Develop a study schedule that suits your learning style and preferences. Dedicate time to studying, and be sure to follow through with it. Moreover, breaking down the material into smaller, manageable study sessions can facilitate better retention and keep you from feeling overwhelmed.
• Practice active learning. Aside from reading your notes and various literature, engaging in active learning techniques can also help you ace the ASWB exam. Using diagrams, concept maps, working prompts, or case study analyses are examples of active learning that engage critical-thinking skills and learning (Cornell University, n.d.).
• Connect with mentors. Professionals in the field can provide guidance, insights, and support throughout your preparation. They can offer advice on study strategies, recommend helpful resources, and share their experiences taking the exam. Moreover, getting to know your future colleagues can also help you build lifelong connections.
• Join a study group. Discussing LCSW practice questions and challenging topics with a group or partner can enhance your learning experience. Apart from that, engaging with your peers also provides you with a supportive network and fosters camaraderie throughout the learning process.
• Take breaks. While studying is essential, taking care of your health is just as vital in any test preparation. Be sure to eat healthy food and get plenty of rest, as these can affect your mood and concentration. Exercising, meditating, and breathing techniques can also help manage stress and anxiety and boost focus.

As you navigate the study process, also remember to embrace digital innovations that play a significant role in social work education and practice. Doing this will not only enhance your exam preparation but also prepare you for the future of social work. The study by Pink et al. (2022) in Qualitative Social Work highlights this importance. They state, “We should learn from the creative and improvisatory modes of engagement with technology demonstrated by social workers, children and families during the pandemic and through the concepts we have engaged to surface and understand their success."

Their work called “Digital Social Work: Conceptualising a Hybrid Anticipatory Practice," concludes that “These insights can be effectively mobilised to shape a framework for an adaptable digital social work practice and training that will enable social workers to better evaluate when and how digital technologies and media will best support their practice and judgments. Such a framework would both benefit social workers and families in the present digital environments of everyday life and should be future-proofed for rapid responses to as yet unknown situations of disaster, like pandemics."

Social Work Licensing Exam Resources

Apart from your notes and library books, there is a plethora of resources that exam takers can utilize to prepare for the licensing exam. Our team collates a few that are especially useful to learners:

• Official practice test An ASWB practice exam that is available to registered candidates for $85
• NASW Social Work Talks Podcast This podcast has episodes discussing the latest trends and topics concerning social work
• Free online practice tests This site provides mock tests for candidates who have not yet registered

Preparing for the ASWB Exam

In this section, we discuss additional steps that you need to accomplish before you take the social work licensure exam. These initial phases are crucial since they lay the foundation for a successful exam preparation journey.

1. Read the guidebook. The ASWB presents all candidates with the social worker license exam study guide, which provides a much more detailed explanation of what test takers need to look out for.
2. Apply to the regulatory board. The state or provincial board determines your eligibility to take the exam. Moreover, they may require application fees or additional documents, especially for candidates with specific physical or linguistic needs.
3. Register with ASWB. This step verifies the information and documents you sent to the regulatory board. Upon registration, you will also pay the exam registration fee of either $230 for Associate, Bachelor, and Master’s exams or $260 for Advanced Generalist and Clinical exams. Consequently, you will receive an Authorization to Test email.
4. Schedule your testing date. After confirming your registration, you can then block off the date of your ASWB exam. Remember that your registration is only valid for one year, so be sure to plot your schedule within the period.
5. Get familiar. As you wait for the test date, it is best to be familiar with the location of the test center and the software used in answering the ASWB exam. The ASWB provides a photo tour and sample screens of the software on its website.

Taking the ASWB Exam

Knowing what to do on the day of your exam helps you have a clear and level mind, ensuring that you can approach the social work exam questions and answers with confidence and focus.

• Organize your things. Avoid forgetting anything by arranging the items you would need for the exam in one bag on the night before the exam. Typically, candidates just need two valid IDs. Be sure to wear the appropriate attire as well and leave unnecessary personal items in the locker assigned to you at the testing center.
• Sleep well. Getting a good night’s sleep is always better than pulling an all-nighter. In fact, sleep and academic performance data show that adults need seven to nine hours of healthy sleep (Newman, 2020), as this can improve cognitive performance and concentration (Ryan, 2022). It also helps to practice a relatively healthy lifestyle in the days leading up to the exam. Proper nutrition and exercise can do wonders in keeping both your body and mind in tip-top shape.
• Arrive early. Being the early bird on the day of the test has its advantages. For instance, candidates must line up for inspection and keep their belongings before logging in to their computers. These take time, and arriving early helps you get settled in and stay calm even before the test begins.
• Sign the pertinent documents. Before the ASWB exam starts, you will be asked to read and sign the Candidate Rules Agreement and Confidentiality Statement. These ensure that you understand the rules of taking the test and that you abide by them.
• Pace yourself. As you answer the test, read the directions and questions carefully. Avoid taking too long on each item since you must allot time to review your answers. If you start feeling overwhelmed, taking a couple of deep breaths usually helps to shrug off the nerves.

After the ASWB Exam

As soon as you finish the ASWB exam, you will be given an unofficial score report. Meanwhile, your official scores will be forwarded to your state or provincial boards no later than two weeks after the test. Moreover, all exam scores are also closely surveyed through systematic statistical reviews to ensure their validity. Remember as well that you are not allowed to disclose your score to anyone or post it anywhere.

Candidates who prefer to send their results to another state or province must file a score transfer request to ASWB and pay a score transfer fee of $40. This process usually takes a week or 10 office days. Meanwhile, candidates who wish to retake the ASWB exam need to wait 90 days before booking another test schedule.

Remember that not passing the exam does not define your abilities or potential in the field. Instead, take this opportunity to reflect on your previous preparation strategies, identify areas for improvement, and develop a new study plan. Alternatively, you can also explore related careers, such as counseling or psychology job opportunities, both of which positively impact the lives of individuals and communities.

Is Investing in Additional Certifications Worth the Effort?

In today’s competitive field, exam success is only one facet of a thriving social work career. Professionals can enhance their expertise by earning additional certifications and advanced degrees that complement their core license. This strategic approach opens up diversified career opportunities while responding to evolving industry standards. For instance, some professionals consider expanding their qualifications through masters in social work or psychology to deepen clinical insight and theoretical foundations. Exploring specialized certifications in areas such as trauma-informed care, mental health counseling, or community advocacy may also provide a significant edge in both practical and administrative roles. Evaluating these additional training options within the context of long-term career objectives can lead to enhanced credibility and optimized professional growth.

Can Accelerated MSW Programs Fast-Track Your Social Work Career?

Accelerated MSW programs offer a streamlined pathway that combines concentrated academic coursework with targeted exam preparation. These intensive formats integrate practical field experiences and advanced digital resources designed to develop critical competencies efficiently. By opting for a fast-paced curriculum, candidates can reduce the time to licensure while simultaneously enhancing readiness for the ASWB exam and expediting entry into the workforce. For professionals balancing work and education, these programs support a focused learning approach and offer flexible scheduling to meet individual needs. Consider exploring 1-year MSW programs online for programs that deliver quality education within a condensed timeframe.

Pursuing Online Clinical MSW Programs for Social Workers

In today's fast-paced world, many aspiring social workers are turning to online education to pursue their Master's in Social Work (MSW) degree. The flexibility of online programs makes them an attractive option for individuals who wish to balance their education with professional responsibilities or personal commitments. Enrolling in an online clinical MSW program not only offers the convenience of studying from home but also provides access to accredited programs that are highly respected in the field of social work.

Why Consider an Online Clinical MSW Program?

• Flexibility and Convenience: One of the primary benefits of online MSW programs is the ability to study on your own schedule. Whether you are a working professional or have family responsibilities, online education allows you to complete coursework at your own pace. This can make pursuing advanced education more feasible for many students.
• Access to Top Accreditation: Many online MSW programs are offered by universities that are fully accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE), ensuring that you are receiving high-quality education that meets industry standards.
• Specializations and Focus Areas: Online clinical MSW programs offer a wide range of specializations, from mental health to school social work, allowing students to tailor their education to their career goals. This means that whether you're interested in clinical practice or macro-level social work, there's an online program to suit your needs.
• Cost-Effectiveness: In comparison to traditional on-campus programs, many online MSW programs offer reduced tuition rates and eliminate additional costs such as transportation, housing, and campus fees, making them a more affordable option for many students.
• Career Advancement: Obtaining a clinical MSW is a significant step in advancing your career in social work. With this advanced degree, social workers gain the qualifications needed to pursue higher-level roles, including clinical supervision, therapy, and leadership positions within organizations.

If you're considering advancing your social work career, exploring online clinical MSW programs can help you choose a degree that aligns with your professional goals while offering the flexibility to fit into your lifestyle.

Ethical Considerations

Ethics play a crucial role in social work, and exam candidates should be aware of the ethical considerations associated with preparing for and taking the ASWB exam. Understanding these ethical aspects not only helps in passing the exam but also prepares future social workers to uphold the profession's standards. Here are key ethical considerations for candidates:

Respect for Confidentiality. When discussing practice scenarios or case studies in study groups, avoid sharing real-life client information. Protecting the confidentiality of past or present clients is fundamental, even in educational settings.

Academic Honesty. Stick to honest study practices. Avoid using unauthorized materials or attempting to gain unfair advantages. Integrity in preparation reflects one's commitment to ethical social work practice.

Test Fairness. Do not share specific exam questions or answers with others. Respect the confidentiality agreement regarding the exam content to maintain fairness for all candidates.

Professional Boundaries. When seeking help from mentors or instructors, ensure that assistance does not cross into inappropriate guidance that could be considered an unfair advantage. Ethical mentorship involves providing general strategies and advice, not insider information.

Cultural Competence. Approach the study of diverse populations with sensitivity and an open mind. Recognize the ethical responsibility to understand various cultural, racial, and socioeconomic backgrounds, as this knowledge is essential for ethical social work practice.

Ethics should guide not just exam preparation but also one's entire professional journey in social work.

What Common Pitfalls Should Social Work Exam Takers Avoid?

Candidates may encounter pitfalls that compromise the effectiveness of their exam preparation. One frequent error is underestimating the necessary study duration, which can lead to insufficient coverage of recent updates in exam content and ethical standards. Another common oversight is relying on outdated or generic study materials instead of resources that align with current exam outlines. Additionally, poor time management during practice tests can create undue pressure and hinder accurate self-assessment. Avoid last-minute cramming and ensure that your study plan includes diverse, updated tools and methods. For further academic alignment, consider integrating resources from advanced programs such as the most affordable online doctorate in social work programs to establish a robust and forward-thinking exam strategy.

Can Online Advanced Standing MSW Programs Enhance Your Exam Preparedness?

Candidates seeking a streamlined path to licensure may benefit from programs that integrate practical field experiences with focused exam preparation. Online advanced standing MSW programs offer a condensed curriculum that aligns academic rigor with the specific competencies required by the ASWB exam. Through specialized modules and real-time feedback, these programs help build a solid theoretical foundation while simultaneously honing exam-taking strategies. Moreover, their flexible digital platforms support self-paced learning and efficient time management, ensuring that your study plan remains both targeted and comprehensive. For more details on these options, refer to the online advanced standing MSW programs.

How Can a Human Services Degree Expand Your Professional Opportunities?

A human services degree offers a versatile foundation that broadens career pathways beyond traditional social work roles. Graduates can explore positions in community development, public policy, healthcare case management, and nonprofit administration, where skills in resource coordination and crisis intervention are in demand. This academic background enables professionals to address interdisciplinary challenges while contributing to community well-being. Moreover, exploring our article on jobs with a human services degree can uncover diverse opportunities in both public and private sectors.

Choosing Between a DSW or a PhD in Social Work

For social work professionals aiming to elevate their expertise and impact on the field, choosing between a Doctor of Social Work (DSW) and a PhD in Social Work can be a pivotal decision. Understanding the differences between these advanced degrees is crucial for aligning your career goals with the appropriate educational pathway.

DSW (Doctor of Social Work)

• Focus: The DSW is designed for practicing social workers interested in advancing their clinical and professional leadership skills. It emphasizes applied learning and innovation in practice.
• Career Paths: Graduates typically pursue leadership roles in clinical practice settings, policy-making, or administration within social service agencies and healthcare organizations.
• Curriculum: Includes advanced practice, leadership, and management courses, with a strong emphasis on real-world application through capstone projects or practicums.

PhD in Social Work

• Focus: This degree is research-oriented, ideal for those interested in scholarly pursuits or academic careers. It emphasizes developing new knowledge in the field through original research.
• Career Paths: PhD graduates are often found in academia, research institutions, and policy development roles. They contribute to social work education, theory, and research, aiming to influence policies and practices at high levels.
• Curriculum: Involves rigorous coursework in social work theory and methods, extensive training in research methodologies, and completion of a dissertation based on original research.

The choice in DSW vs PhD in social work often depends on your professional aspirations. If you aim to directly influence practice and policy or take on high-level administrative roles, a DSW may be more suitable. Conversely, if your interest lies in academia or extensive social work research, a PhD might be the better path.

Both pathways demand a significant commitment to advancing the field of social work, but they cater to different professional objectives and daily responsibilities. Candidates should consider their career goals, the specific skills they wish to acquire, and how they intend to apply these skills in the workforce.

What Should You Consider After Earning Your MSW?

Explore advanced options for professional growth and role refinement after completing your MSW. Evaluate opportunities to specialize further, adjust to evolving market demands, and leverage diverse professional networks to transition seamlessly into leadership or niche practice areas. Assess the benefits of integrating additional certifications or targeted training sessions to establish expertise in emerging fields without overlapping previously discussed exam or degree content. For a comprehensive review of career trajectories and strategic recommendations, refer to our article on what to do with MSW degree.

What Are the Best Options for Those Looking to Pursue a Career in Social Work?

For individuals looking to pursue a career in social work, it is essential to consider the various educational pathways available. One crucial decision is choosing the right undergraduate program. Prospective students can explore the easiest BSW online programs to find a program that fits their needs and goals. By researching and comparing different programs, aspiring social workers can make informed decisions about their educational journey and set themselves up for success in their future careers.

Understanding Social Worker Salary and Career Outlook

When planning your journey as a social worker, understanding the career's financial aspects is essential. Social workers' salaries can vary significantly depending on their specialization, education level, and geographical location. For instance, licensed clinical social workers (LCSWs) often earn higher salaries than non-clinical roles due to their advanced certifications and ability to provide psychotherapy services. Additionally, states with a higher cost of living or increased demand for social workers typically offer more competitive compensation packages.

Aspiring professionals should consider exploring detailed breakdowns of social worker salary data across states to make informed career and relocation decisions. This comprehensive guide can also help identify states with the best opportunities and align lifetime earning potential with personal career goals. Beyond salary considerations, weigh other benefits such as job security, opportunities for advancement, and retirement plans, which often accompany positions in social work. By carefully analyzing these factors, you can chart a path that balances both your passion for helping others and long-term financial stability.

Take the Social Work Licensing Exam with the Right Mindset

In this guide, our team discussed how to prepare for the ASWB exam and included details of the test outline, study tips and resources, and other pertinent information to guide you as you enter this career. Understanding the basic concepts and rules of the professional exam helps you gain the right mindset of a responsible and reliable social worker as early as now. Furthermore, with thorough preparation, you will be well-equipped to tackle the social work licensure exam confidently and embark on a rewarding career in the field of social work.

If you want to expand your research further, you can investigate state-specific programs, for instance, reading our guide to social worker license New York.

Key Insights

• High Volume of Candidates: Approximately 65,000 candidates take the ASWB exam annually, reflecting the significant interest and demand in the social work profession.
• Comprehensive Coverage: The ASWB exam tests a wide range of topics, including social work theory, practice, and ethics, ensuring that professionals are well-prepared for their roles.
• Educational Requirements: A bachelor's degree in social work is the minimum requirement to take the ASWB exam, while clinical social workers must have a master's degree.
• Exam Structure: The exam consists of 170 multiple-choice questions, with only 150 questions counting toward the final score. The exam duration is four hours.
• Variety of Exam Categories: The ASWB exam is available in five categories: Associate, Bachelors, Masters, Advanced Generalist, and Clinical, catering to different levels of social work education and experience.
• Passing Rates: The pass rates for the ASWB exam vary by category, with most categories seeing a pass rate between 63% and 76%.
• Preparation Strategies: Effective preparation includes creating a study routine, engaging in active learning, connecting with mentors, joining study groups, and taking breaks for self-care.
• Available Resources: Numerous resources are available to help candidates prepare, including official practice tests, podcasts, and free online practice tests.
• On Exam Day: Key tips for exam day include organizing materials, getting a good night's sleep, arriving early, and pacing oneself during the test.
• Post-Exam Procedures: After completing the exam, candidates receive unofficial scores immediately and official scores within two weeks. Score transfers and retakes are also options for candidates.

FAQ

1. What are the minimum educational requirements to take the ASWB exam?

To take the ASWB exam, you typically need at least a bachelor's degree in social work. For those pursuing clinical social work, a master's degree is required.

2. What topics are covered in the ASWB exam?

The ASWB exam covers a range of topics including Human Development, Diversity, Behavior in the Environment, Assessment, Interventions Systems, and Professional Relationships, Values, and Ethics. The exact content varies by the category of the exam.

3. How many questions are on the ASWB exam and how long is it?

The ASWB exam consists of 170 multiple-choice questions, with 20 being pretest items that do not count toward the final score. Candidates have four hours to complete the exam.

4. What are the pass rates for the ASWB exam?

Pass rates for the ASWB exam vary by category. In 2021, the pass rates were approximately 70.7% for the Associate exam, 68.7% for the Bachelor's category, 73% for the Master's assessment, 63.6% for the Advanced Generalist test, and 75.8% for the Clinical exam.

5. What study strategies are recommended for preparing for the ASWB exam?

Effective study strategies include creating a study schedule, practicing active learning techniques, connecting with mentors, joining study groups, and taking regular breaks to maintain health and focus.

6. Where can I find resources to help me prepare for the ASWB exam?

Useful resources include official ASWB practice tests, the NASW Social Work Talks Podcast, and free online practice tests available on various websites.

7. What should I do on the day of the ASWB exam?

On the exam day, organize your materials, get a good night's sleep, arrive early at the test center, sign the necessary documents, and pace yourself during the test.

8. How are scores reported and what should I do if I need to retake the ASWB exam?

Unofficial scores are provided immediately after the exam, while official scores are sent to your regulatory board within two weeks. If you need to retake the exam, you must wait 90 days before scheduling another test.

9. Can I transfer my ASWB exam scores to another state or province?

Yes, you can request a score transfer to another state or province by filing a score transfer request with ASWB and paying a transfer fee of $40.

10. What should I do if I do not pass the ASWB exam?

If you do not pass the ASWB exam, reflect on your previous preparation strategies, identify areas for improvement, develop a new study plan, and consider exploring related careers such as counseling or psychology.

References:

• Cornell University. (n.d.). Getting started with active learning techniques. Center for Teaching Innovation. Retrieved May 17, 2023, from https://teaching.cornell.edu/getting-started-active-learning-techniques
• National Association of Social Workers. (n.d.). Facts about NASW. Retrieved May 16, 2023, from https://www.socialworkers.org/News/Facts/Facts-About-NASW
• National Association of Social Workers. (2022a, December). Examination guidebook. https://www.aswb.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/ASWB-Examination-Guidebook.pdf
• National Association of Social Workers. (2022b, August). 2022 ASWB exam pass rate analysis final report. https://www.aswb.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/2022-ASWB-Exam-Pass-Rate-Analysis.pdf
• Newman, T. (2020, August 24). Medical myths: How much sleep do we need? Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/medical-myths-how-much-sleep-do-we-need
• Pink, S., Ferguson, H., & Kelly, L. (2022). Digital social work: Conceptualising a hybrid anticipatory practice. Qualitative Social Work, 21(2), 413-430. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250211003647
• Ryan, T. (2022, August 29). A study guide to getting sleep during final exams. Sleep Foundation. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/school-and-sleep/final-exams-and-sleep