2025 Pennsylvania Nursing License Requirements

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Navigating the nursing licensing process in Pennsylvania can be daunting for aspiring nurses who plan to join the 144,100 registered nurses in the state. Many applicants find themselves overwhelmed by the complex application requirements, which can feel like an insurmountable maze. Additionally, obtaining verification from previous licensing boards often leads to frustrating delays, leaving candidates anxious about their future careers. This article aims to demystify the Pennsylvania nursing licensing requirements, providing clear solutions to these common challenges. Drawing on extensive research and expert insights, we will guide you through each step, ensuring you are well-prepared to embark on your nursing journey—whether you’re considering programs at institutions like the University of Pittsburgh or elsewhere.

Key Things You Should Know about Pennsylvania Nursing Licenses

Licensing Body: The Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing oversees the licensing process for nurses in the state, ensuring compliance with state regulations and standards.
Exam Requirement: Candidates must pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN for registered nurses or NCLEX-PN for practical nurses) to obtain licensure.
Educational Prerequisites: Applicants must complete an accredited nursing program, which typically includes a minimum of 60 credits for practical nursing and a bachelor’s degree for registered nursing.
Application Process: Prospective nurses must submit an application through the Pennsylvania Department of State’s online portal, including proof of education, exam results, and a criminal background check.
Fees: The application fee for nursing licensure in Pennsylvania is $35, with additional costs for the NCLEX exam, which is approximately $200.

What is Pennsylvania nursing license and why is it necessary?
What types of nursing licenses are available in Pennsylvania?
What are the requirements for Pennsylvania nursing license for 2025?
How do you apply for a nursing license in Pennsylvania?
How often do you need to renew your nursing license in Pennsylvania?
What financial considerations should you keep in mind when pursuing nursing in Pennsylvania?
Can a Compact nurse practice in Pennsylvania?
What are the advantages of pursuing a nurse practitioner role in Pennsylvania?
How can nurses licensed in other states obtain a license in Pennsylvania?
What nursing programs are available in Pennsylvania to help you achieve your career goals?
What are advanced education and certification options for aspiring nurse practitioners in Pennsylvania?
What complementary healthcare roles can enhance your career prospects in Pennsylvania?
What should you consider when choosing a nursing specialization in Pennsylvania?
What additional certifications can further enhance your Pennsylvania nursing career?
What tips and resources can help you through the licensing exam in Pennsylvania?
What are the pathways for nurse midwifery specialization in Pennsylvania?
How can you advance your nursing career after licensure in Pennsylvania?
What common pitfalls can delay your nursing license approval in Pennsylvania?
What are the continuing education requirements for maintaining a Pennsylvania nursing license?
What should you do if your nursing license application is denied in Pennsylvania?
Other Things You Should Consider About Pennsylvania Nursing Licensing

What is Pennsylvania nursing license and why is it necessary?

In Pennsylvania, a nursing license is a crucial legal credential that authorizes individuals to practice nursing within the state. This license is designed to ensure that nurses possess the necessary education and skills to deliver safe and effective patient care. The State Board of Nursing, operating under the Department of State, is the primary regulatory authority overseeing nursing practice in Pennsylvania.

The Board's responsibilities are vital for maintaining public health and safety, including:

Licensing and Certification: The Board assesses applicants and grants licenses to those who meet educational and examination requirements, which are part of the Pennsylvania nursing license requirements.
Educational Program Approval: It evaluates nursing education programs to ensure they adhere to established quality standards.
Practice Standards: The Board defines the scope of practice for various nursing roles, ensuring compliance with professional guidelines.
Disciplinary Oversight: It investigates complaints and can take disciplinary action against licensees who breach nursing laws or regulations.

The nursing license serves multiple essential functions, such as protecting the public from unqualified practitioners and ensuring that nurses are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills. By regulating the nursing profession, the State Board of Nursing upholds high standards of care and fosters public confidence in the healthcare system. With a projected growth of 6% in RN jobs from 2022 to 2032, resulting in an additional 177,400 positions, the importance of a nursing license becomes even more pronounced.

A nurse from Pennsylvania shared her journey, reflecting on the significance of her nursing license. She recalled the moment she received her license, feeling a mix of pride and anxiety. “It was a validation of all the hard work I had put in,” she said. However, she also faced challenges, such as navigating the complexities of the licensure process and the weight of responsibility that came with her role. “Every day, I remind myself that my license represents not just my qualifications, but the trust my patients place in me,” she reflected. This perspective highlights the profound impact that a nursing license has on both the professional and the patients they serve.

As the demand for nurses continues to rise, understanding the importance of nursing license in Pennsylvania becomes essential for aspiring healthcare professionals. For those considering a career in nursing, it is also valuable to explore potential earnings, such as the average neonatal nurses salary.

What types of nursing licenses are available in Pennsylvania?

The State Board of Nursing in Pennsylvania regulates various nursing licenses, each with distinct educational requirements and scopes of practice. Understanding these can help aspiring nurses navigate their career paths effectively, especially when considering the different types of nursing licenses in Pennsylvania.

Registered Nurse (RN): To become an RN, candidates must complete an accredited nursing program, typically earning either an associate or bachelor’s degree in nursing. RNs play a crucial role in patient care, which includes administering medications, coordinating treatment plans, and providing comprehensive care. RNs in Pennsylvania earns about $87,530 annually.
Practical Nurse (PN): Practical nursing programs generally require a diploma or certificate, focusing on fundamental nursing skills. PNs deliver basic patient care under the supervision of RNs or physicians, which includes monitoring vital signs and assisting patients with daily activities.
Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner (CRNP): This advanced role necessitates a master’s degree in nursing along with national certification. CRNPs have the authority to diagnose and treat medical conditions, prescribe medications, and manage patient care either independently or in collaboration with other healthcare professionals. For those interested in pursuing this path, exploring a
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS): Like CRNPs, CNSs must possess a master’s degree and specialize in a specific nursing area. Their focus is on enhancing patient outcomes through expert clinical practice, education, and research initiatives.
Dietitian-Nutritionist: This position requires a degree in nutrition or dietetics. Dietitian-nutritionists assess patients' dietary needs and develop tailored nutrition plans to promote health.

A nurse from Pennsylvania shared her journey of becoming an RN, reflecting on the challenges she faced during her education. She recalled the rigorous coursework and the emotional toll of balancing studies with clinical rotations. Despite the hurdles, she found immense satisfaction in her role, particularly when she witnessed patients recover and thrive under her care. The sense of fulfillment she derived from making a difference in her community reinforced her commitment to nursing, making every challenge worthwhile. Understanding the various types of nursing licenses in Pennsylvania can further guide aspiring nurses in their educational and career decisions.

What are the requirements for Pennsylvania nursing license for 2025?

Aspiring nurses must navigate a structured process to obtain their nursing license, overseen by the State Board of Nursing. This process is designed to ensure that candidates are adequately prepared for the demands of the profession. Here are the key requirements:

Graduation from an Approved Nursing Program: Candidates must complete a nursing program that has been accredited by the State Board. These programs are rigorously evaluated to ensure they meet educational standards necessary for nursing practice.
Clinical Hours: A specified number of clinical hours is required, providing candidates with essential hands-on experience in various healthcare environments. This practical training is vital for developing the competencies needed for effective patient care.
Examination: After fulfilling educational and clinical requirements, candidates must pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). This exam evaluates their readiness to practice nursing safely and competently.
Application Process: Candidates must submit an online application to the State Board, along with the required fees. For recent graduates, a Graduate Nurse Temporary Practice Permit can be requested, allowing them to begin working while waiting for full licensure.

Reflecting on her experience, a nurse from Pennsylvania shared her journey through the licensing process. She recalled the intense preparation for the NCLEX, often studying late into the night while balancing her clinical rotations. The pressure was palpable, but she found solace in her supportive peers and mentors. Once she received her temporary practice permit, she felt a rush of excitement and anxiety as she stepped into her first shift. The real-world application of her training was both exhilarating and daunting, but ultimately, it solidified her passion for nursing and her commitment to patient care. For those considering a career transition, exploring options like a paramedic to nurse bridge program can provide a valuable pathway into the nursing profession.

How do you apply for a nursing license in Pennsylvania?

Applying for a nursing license in Pennsylvania involves a series of organized steps designed to ensure that candidates meet the professional standards required for practice. Here’s a breakdown of the application process:

Online Application: Prospective nurses must start by completing the online application through the Pennsylvania Licensing System (PALS). This platform allows applicants to submit required documents and pay necessary fees, which typically cover application and examination costs. Understanding how to get a nursing license in Pennsylvania is crucial for a smooth application process.
Fingerprinting and Background Checks: A critical component of the application is the criminal background check, which includes fingerprinting. This measure is essential for maintaining the safety and integrity of the nursing field.
Educational Verification: Applicants need to provide evidence of their nursing education. This often entails submitting official transcripts and verification forms from their respective nursing programs.
Examination Requirements: New graduates are required to pass the NCLEX exam to validate their nursing competencies. For those who have previously held a nursing license in another state, the endorsement process is available, which necessitates verification of their current license.
Associated Fees: The costs involved in the application process can vary. Candidates should be prepared to cover fees related to the application, examination, and any additional services, such as background checks.

With approximately 209,400 openings for nursing assistants and orderlies projected annually over the next decade, pursuing a nursing license in Pennsylvania is a promising career path. For those considering further education, exploring options like the cheapest online nurse practitioner programs can be beneficial.

How often do you need to renew your nursing license in Pennsylvania?

Nursing licenses must be renewed every two years in the state. This renewal process is distinct from the initial licensing procedure, which involves a series of steps including application submission, background checks, and examination requirements. The renewal process, while less extensive, still requires attention to detail and adherence to specific guidelines.

Key aspects of the nursing license renewal process in Pennsylvania include:

Continuing Education: Nurses are required to complete 30 hours of continuing education every two years. This ensures that they remain current with the latest practices and advancements in the nursing field. Engaging in continuing education is essential not only for license renewal but also for enhancing professional skills and knowledge.
Application Submission: Nurses must submit a renewal application through the Pennsylvania Licensing System (PALS), similar to the initial application process. This includes paying the renewal fee, which can vary. Understanding how to renew nursing license in Pennsylvania is crucial for a smooth renewal experience.
Background Checks: While not as comprehensive as the initial licensing process, nurses may still need to undergo background checks to maintain their license. This step helps ensure the safety and integrity of the nursing profession.
Impact on Career: Failing to renew a nursing license on time can lead to a lapse in practice, which may affect job opportunities and career advancement. Maintaining an active license is crucial for professional credibility and employment stability. Nurses should be proactive in managing their renewal timelines to avoid any disruptions in their careers.

For those looking to further their education while managing their nursing careers, exploring options like accredited online msn programs can be beneficial. These programs can provide the flexibility needed to balance work and education effectively.

What financial considerations should you keep in mind when pursuing nursing in Pennsylvania?

Whether you're aiming to become a registered nurse or advancing to a specialized role such as a nurse practitioner, understanding the financial implications is vital when charting your career path in Pennsylvania. Costs can vary significantly depending on the type of nursing program and your long-term career aspirations. Tuition fees, exam costs, and continuing education requirements are just some of the factors to consider.

For instance, if you're planning to specialize as a nurse practitioner, exploring how much does it cost to become a nurse practitioner in Pennsylvania can provide valuable insights into budgeting for advanced degrees and certification. This information ensures that prospective nurses can plan their finances effectively while pursuing their goals.

Additionally, aspiring nurses should also account for costs associated with mandatory background checks, application fees, and study materials for the NCLEX-RN or other licensing exams. Balancing these expenses with potential financial aid options, scholarships, and loan forgiveness programs available to healthcare workers in Pennsylvania can significantly ease the financial burden of entering the nursing profession.

Can a Compact nurse practice in Pennsylvania?

The Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC) is an agreement that allows registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical/vocational nurses (LPNs) to practice across state lines with a single multistate license. Enacted in 2017, the NLC currently includes 39 states, providing significant benefits such as increased mobility for nurses, enhanced access to care for patients, and streamlined licensing processes. This compact is particularly advantageous in addressing nursing shortages and facilitating telehealth services.

Pennsylvania joined the NLC on January 1, 2021. To practice under the NLC, nurses in Pennsylvania must hold a valid multistate license issued by their home state, meet the compact's eligibility requirements, and comply with Pennsylvania's nursing regulations. This participation opens numerous opportunities for nurses from Pennsylvania, allowing them to work in other compact states without needing additional licenses. It also enables Pennsylvania nurses to engage in telehealth and travel nursing roles more easily, expanding their career prospects and enhancing healthcare delivery across state lines.

What are the advantages of pursuing a nurse practitioner role in Pennsylvania?

Expanding your career through advanced practice roles can lead to increased autonomy, higher earning potential, and a broader scope of clinical responsibilities. Opting for a nurse practitioner pathway allows for deeper patient engagement and the ability to serve under complex care models. Selecting an accredited program is essential to ensure comprehensive training, effective preparation for certification, and alignment with Pennsylvania’s healthcare demands. Explore nurse practitioner programs in Pennsylvania to find a program that supports your professional growth and meets rigorous quality standards.

How can nurses licensed in other states obtain a license in Pennsylvania?

Nurses licensed in other states can obtain a Pennsylvania nursing license through a process known as endorsement. This pathway allows qualified nurses to practice in Pennsylvania without retaking the NCLEX exam, provided they meet specific criteria.

To begin, applicants must:

Submit a completed application to the Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing, along with the required fee.
Provide proof of current, active nursing licensure in another state or territory.
Submit verification of nursing education, which must be from an accredited program.
Complete a criminal background check, including fingerprinting.

For foreign-educated nurses, additional steps are necessary:

Obtain a credential evaluation from a recognized agency, such as the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools (CGFNS), to ensure that their education meets U.S. standards.
Demonstrate English proficiency through standardized tests like the TOEFL or IELTS, if applicable.

By following these steps, nurses can successfully navigate the licensing process in Pennsylvania and join the state's healthcare workforce.

What nursing programs are available in Pennsylvania to help you achieve your career goals?

When considering a career in nursing in Pennsylvania, it's essential to explore the various nursing programs available to help you achieve your goals. Pennsylvania is home to numerous esteemed nursing schools, each offering a range of programs tailored to different career aspirations. To find the best fit for your nursing career, it's crucial to research and compare the programs offered by these institutions. You can find more information on the best nursing schools in Pennsylvania to make an informed decision about your educational pathway. By choosing the right program, you can set yourself up for success in the nursing field and make the most of the opportunities available in Pennsylvania.

What are advanced education and certification options for aspiring nurse practitioners in Pennsylvania?

Exploring advanced education opportunities can enhance your clinical expertise and accelerate career progression in nurse practitioner roles. Many professionals consider specialized certification programs and streamlined degree options that focus on current practice trends and efficient pathways to licensure. For instance, some institutions offer accelerated tracks that integrate clinical practice with certification requirements, reducing both time and financial investment. Additionally, evaluating the curriculum rigor, clinical placement options, and support services can help determine the best fit for your professional goals. Consider enrolling in the easiest nurse practitioner program to benefit from a focused approach geared toward meeting Pennsylvania’s evolving healthcare demands.

What complementary healthcare roles can enhance your career prospects in Pennsylvania?

Nurses in Pennsylvania can leverage their clinical expertise to explore related healthcare roles that broaden professional horizons and contribute to interprofessional care. Expanding into areas such as healthcare research, education, or management may complement the full scope of nursing practice. Furthermore, transitioning to roles in adjacent fields can diversify skills and increase job security. For instance, professionals interested in a more specialized patient care role might consider pursuing pharmacy credentials. Discover how to become a licensed pharmacist in Pennsylvania to evaluate a distinct pathway that integrates well with nursing experience while meeting the evolving needs of the healthcare industry.

What should you consider when choosing a nursing specialization in Pennsylvania?

Selecting a nursing specialization can significantly impact your career, allowing you to work in a focused area that aligns with your interests and strengths. For aspiring nurses in Pennsylvania, here are key considerations when deciding on a specialization:

Job Demand and Salary Prospects: Researching the demand for different nursing specialties within Pennsylvania can guide your choice. For example, nurse practitioners and nurse anesthetists often enjoy high demand and competitive salaries. Consider projected job growth and average earnings in various fields to align your specialization with your financial goals.
Educational and Certification Requirements: Some specializations, like Nurse Practitioner (NP) or Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA), require additional education and certifications. Assess your willingness and ability to meet these requirements, as obtaining advanced degrees or certifications can be time-intensive and costly.
Work Environment: Different specializations lead to varied work settings. Critical care nurses, for instance, typically work in intensive care units (ICUs), while community health nurses might work in public health facilities or nonprofits. Evaluate whether the environment and pace of your preferred specialization match your lifestyle and career expectations.
Long-Term Career Opportunities: Some specializations offer clear pathways for advancement, such as moving into leadership, education, or consulting roles. Specializing in areas like nurse education or clinical research could provide more flexibility and career longevity.

Choosing the right specialization requires careful planning, and aligning your goals with Pennsylvania's healthcare landscape can help maximize both career satisfaction and opportunities.

What additional certifications can further enhance your Pennsylvania nursing career?

Beyond obtaining and renewing your nursing license, pursuing complementary credentials can expand your professional expertise and open alternative career pathways. Integrating selective certifications enables you to diversify your skill set in areas such as healthcare management, informatics, and administrative support. For instance, acquiring a medical billing and coding certification in Pennsylvania can lead to roles that blend clinical insight with operational efficiency. This strategic approach not only differentiates you in the competitive healthcare market but also positions you favorably for emerging interdisciplinary opportunities.

What tips and resources can help you through the licensing exam in Pennsylvania?

Navigating the nursing licensing exam in Pennsylvania can be a daunting process, but several tips and resources can ease the journey. First, familiarize yourself with the Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing's requirements, which include completing an accredited nursing program and passing the NCLEX-RN or NCLEX-PN exam.

Study Resources: Utilize NCLEX review books, online practice tests, and mobile apps designed specifically for nursing students. Many of these resources offer practice questions that mirror the exam format, helping you build confidence.
Join Professional Organizations: Becoming a member of organizations such as the Pennsylvania State Nurses Association (PSNA) can provide invaluable support. These organizations often offer access to study materials, networking opportunities, and mentorship programs. They also keep members informed about changes in licensing requirements and continuing education opportunities.
Peer Study Groups: Forming or joining a study group can enhance your understanding of complex topics. Collaborating with peers allows for the exchange of knowledge and can make studying more enjoyable.
Test-Taking Strategies: Familiarize yourself with the exam format and develop effective test-taking strategies, such as time management and question analysis techniques.

What are the pathways for nurse midwifery specialization in Pennsylvania?

Nurse midwifery offers a focused career pathway that leverages advanced clinical training to deliver comprehensive maternity care. Transitioning to this specialization requires completing a rigorous curriculum that includes theoretical instruction and clinical rotations centered on maternal and neonatal health. Prospective midwives should verify the educational requirements for a nurse midwife in Pennsylvania to ensure they meet the necessary academic prerequisites and certification standards. Engaging in targeted internships and specialized clinical experiences can also enhance practical skills and support a smooth transition into advanced practice within Pennsylvania’s dynamic healthcare environment.

How can you advance your nursing career after licensure in Pennsylvania?

Nurses who have obtained their Pennsylvania license can capitalize on a range of professional development opportunities that lead to career advancement and specialization. Pursuing targeted certifications, enrolling in leadership training programs, or shifting to advanced practice roles are effective strategies. For instance, nurses planning a shift to the Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner (WHNP) role may consider accredited programs, including the easiest WHNP online programs to get into, to gain the necessary expertise and enhance their credentials. In addition, actively engaging in continuing education through workshops, seminars, and specialized courses can improve clinical competencies and prepare professionals for future challenges in the evolving healthcare landscape.

What common pitfalls can delay your nursing license approval in Pennsylvania?

When navigating the licensure process, several pitfalls can hinder timely approval. Incomplete or incorrect documentation is a frequent issue; even minor errors in personal information or supporting materials can lead to processing delays. Additionally, failure to meet verification requirements from prior licensing boards or delays in submitting mandatory background checks can extend waiting times. It is crucial to double-check every detail and adhere strictly to submission timelines. Staying informed on regulatory updates also minimizes complications that stem from changing policies. For insights on streamlining your application process and avoiding common mistakes, refer to how to become a nurse in Pennsylvania.

What are the continuing education requirements for maintaining a Pennsylvania nursing license?

Nurses in Pennsylvania must complete designated continuing education hours during each biennial renewal cycle to ensure ongoing competency and awareness of evolving clinical practices. Detailed guidelines specify minimum contact hours covering topics such as patient safety, ethical considerations, and emerging state regulations. It is essential to enroll in courses accredited by the Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing to meet these standards and avoid renewal delays. Additionally, licensed practical nurses should review What are the requirements to become a LPN in Pennsylvania? to confirm that their continuing education plans align with both initial licensure prerequisites and professional growth objectives.

What should you do if your nursing license application is denied in Pennsylvania?

If your application is denied, promptly review the Board’s decision letter for specific reasons and required corrective actions. Verify that all documentation meets Pennsylvania’s strict standards and address any discrepancies immediately. Consult with a licensing specialist to evaluate your appeal options and gather any additional credentials that may strengthen your reapplication. Additionally, consider enhancing your academic background by exploring top online nursing programs in Pennsylvania to support future applications and career progression.

Other Things You Should Consider About Pennsylvania Nursing Licensing

How long does it take to become a registered nurse in Pennsylvania?

Becoming a registered nurse (RN) in Pennsylvania typically takes between two to four years, depending on the educational pathway chosen.

An Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) usually requires two years of study, while a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) generally takes four years.
After completing an accredited program, candidates must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to obtain licensure.
The Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing processes applications, which can take several weeks, so aspiring nurses should plan accordingly.

Overall, the journey to becoming an RN in Pennsylvania is both rigorous and rewarding.

What education is needed to become a registered nurse in Pennsylvania?

Candidates must complete specific educational requirements. The state recognizes three primary pathways:

Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN): Typically a two-year program offered by community colleges, this degree prepares students for entry-level nursing positions.
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): A four-year degree that provides a comprehensive education, enhancing career opportunities and leadership roles in healthcare.
Diploma Programs: Hospital-based programs that also qualify graduates for RN licensure, though they are less common today.

Upon completing one of these educational paths, candidates must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to obtain licensure in Pennsylvania.

How much does a registered nurse make in Pennsylvania?

In Pennsylvania, registered nurses (RNs) earn a competitive salary, with the average annual income around $75,000, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Factors influencing this figure include experience, education, and the specific healthcare setting.

Entry-level RNs typically start at approximately $55,000.
Experienced nurses can earn upwards of $90,000, especially in specialized fields.
The demand for RNs in Pennsylvania continues to grow, driven by an aging population and healthcare advancements.

Understanding these financial aspects can help prospective nursing students make informed decisions about their education and career paths.

Can you practice as an RN without a license in Pennsylvania?

Practicing as a Registered Nurse (RN) without a valid license is illegal in any state. The Pennsylvania State Board of Nursing mandates that all RNs must complete an accredited nursing program and pass the NCLEX-RN examination to obtain licensure.

Engaging in nursing practice without a license can lead to severe penalties, including fines and criminal charges.
As of 2023, there are over 200,000 licensed RNs in Pennsylvania, underscoring the importance of adhering to licensing regulations for public safety and professional integrity.

Therefore, aspiring nurses must ensure they meet all licensing requirements before practicing.

Is it easy to become a registered nurse in Pennsylvania?

Becoming a registered nurse in Pennsylvania involves several steps, making the process moderately challenging. Candidates must complete an accredited nursing program, which typically requires two to four years of education. After graduation, aspiring nurses must pass the NCLEX-RN exam, with a pass rate of approximately 87% in Pennsylvania. Additionally, applicants must submit a criminal background check and fulfill continuing education requirements for license renewal every two years. While the pathway is structured, dedication and preparation are essential for success in this rewarding field.

References:

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023, December 27). Occupational outlook handbook - Registered nurses. Retrieved February 16, 2024, from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/registered-nurses.htm
pa.gov (n.d.). Department of State. [pa.gov] https://www.pa.gov/en/agencies/dos/department-and-offices/bpoa/boards-commissions/nursing.html
Nazareno, J., Yoshioka, E., Adia, A., Restar, A., Operario, D., & Choy, C. (2021). From Imperialism to Inpatient Care: Work Differences in Characteristics and Experiences of Filipino and White Registered Nurses in the United States and Implications for COVID-19. Gender, Work and Organization. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gwao.12657