How to Become an Aquatic Biologist: Salary & Career Paths for 2025

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Aquatic biologists play a vital role in studying and protecting the world’s freshwater and marine ecosystems. This career offers a unique blend of fieldwork, laboratory research, and environmental impact. But how do you become an aquatic biologist, and what career opportunities and salary prospects can you expect?

In this guide, we will identify the educational requirements, necessary skills, job outlook, and potential career paths for aspiring aquatic biologists. This article will provide a clear roadmap to help you navigate your way toward a fulfilling career in aquatic biology.

Key Things You Should Know About Becoming an Aquatic Biologist

To become an aquatic biologist, you typically need at least a bachelor’s degree in biology, marine science, environmental science, or a related field. Many research and specialized roles require a master’s or Ph.D. in aquatic biology, marine biology, or ecology.
Successful aquatic biologists need strong research and analytical skills, fieldwork experience, and knowledge of data collection and lab techniques. Proficiency in GIS, statistical analysis, and water quality testing can enhance career prospects.
Aquatic biologists can work in research, conservation, water resource management, fisheries, environmental consulting, and government agencies. Opportunities exist in both the public and private sectors, as well as in nonprofit organizations.
The average salary for aquatic biologists in the U.S. varies by location, industry, and level of education. Entry-level positions typically start around $40,000–$50,000 per year, while experienced professionals and those in specialized fields can earn upwards of $80,000 or more annually.
With growing concerns about climate change, water pollution, and biodiversity loss, the demand for aquatic biologists is expected to increase in the coming years. Conservation efforts, sustainable fisheries management, and environmental regulations are driving job growth in government agencies, research institutions, and environmental organizations.

What is an aquatic biologist?
What does an aquatic biologist do?
What are the steps to becoming an aquatic biologist for 2025?
What are the different types of aquatic biologists?
What degree do you need to become an aquatic biologist?
Where do aquatic biologists work, and what industries hire them?
Can a fast-track advanced degree boost my aquatic biology career?
What challenges do aquatic biologists face in their work?
How Can I Access Cost-Effective Aquatic Biology Education?
How can aquatic biologists support sustainable urban water management?
How Can Continuous Education Enhance a Career in Aquatic Biology?
How Can Aquatic Biologists Broaden Their Interdisciplinary Expertise?
What is the average salary of an aquatic biologist?
What are the different fields of specialization in aquatic biology?
What is the job outlook for aquatic biologists?
Other Things You Should Know About Becoming an Aquatic Biologist

What is an aquatic biologist?

An aquatic biologist is a scientist who studies water-based ecosystems, including lakes, rivers, wetlands, and oceans. Their work involves researching aquatic organisms, monitoring water quality, and analyzing how environmental factors—such as pollution, climate change, and human activity—affect aquatic life.

They often conduct field research to collect water and biological samples, perform laboratory tests, and contribute to conservation efforts. Aquatic biologists play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity, improving water resource management, and informing policies related to aquatic ecosystems.

As a career, aquatic biology offers a diverse range of opportunities in research, environmental conservation, and public policy. Professionals in this field may work for government agencies, universities, nonprofit organizations, or private consulting firms. The job can be both physically demanding and intellectually rewarding, requiring a mix of outdoor fieldwork, lab analysis, and data interpretation.

While entry-level careers in biology may be available with a bachelor's degree, advanced research and leadership roles often require a master's or Ph.D. in aquatic biology, marine biology, or environmental science. With growing concerns over climate change and water pollution, demand for skilled aquatic biologists is expected to rise, making it a promising career path for those passionate about environmental science and conservation.

What does an aquatic biologist do?

An aquatic biologist studies and protects water ecosystems by researching aquatic organisms, monitoring environmental changes, and contributing to conservation efforts. Their work helps maintain healthy aquatic environments and informs policies for sustainable water resource management.

Aquatic biologists belong to the Zoologists and Biologists grouping of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). With a 4% projected job growth through 2033, the total workforce under this classification in 2023 was about 18,800.

Here are the five primary roles of an aquatic biologist:

Research and Data Collection: Aquatic biologists conduct field studies to gather water and biological samples, analyze ecosystem health, and study species interactions in freshwater and marine environments.
Water Quality Monitoring: They test water for pollutants, oxygen levels, and other chemical or biological factors to assess its impact on aquatic life and human health.
Conservation and Habitat Restoration: Aquatic biologists develop strategies to protect endangered species, restore damaged aquatic habitats, and mitigate the effects of climate change and pollution.
Policy and Environmental Consulting: They work with government agencies and organizations to develop regulations, advise on environmental policies, and provide scientific expertise on water resource management.
Education and Public Outreach: Many aquatic biologists educate the public, students, and policymakers about the importance of aquatic ecosystems and how to protect them through research publications, community programs, and advocacy efforts.

Much like the homicide detective career path, where individuals progress from basic law enforcement roles to specialized investigative positions, aquatic biologists often begin in entry-level roles or internships and then advance through gaining field experience, further specialization, and contributing to high-level policy or consulting work.

The following chart shows where zoologists and biologists work. This information reveals key sectors driving ecological research and conservation. Among these, the work of aquatic biologists is crucial, as they delve into the complexities of freshwater and marine ecosystems, studying the health and interactions of aquatic life.

What are the steps to becoming an aquatic biologist for 2025?

To become an aquatic biologist, you typically need a combination of education, hands-on experience, and specialized skills in biological and environmental sciences.

Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Earn a Bachelor’s Degree

Start by obtaining a bachelor’s degree in biology, marine biology, environmental science, or a related field. Coursework should include subjects like ecology, chemistry, hydrology, and zoology. Gaining experience through internships, field research, or volunteering in conservation projects can strengthen your knowledge and job prospects.

2. Gain Hands-On Experience

Internships, research assistant positions, and fieldwork are essential for building practical skills. Many universities and environmental organizations offer programs where students can participate in water sampling, species identification, and data analysis.

3. Pursue a Master’s or Ph.D. (Optional but Beneficial)

While a bachelor’s degree is enough for entry-level roles, many advanced research or leadership positions require a master’s or Ph.D. in aquatic biology, marine sciences, or ecology. Graduate studies allow for specialization in areas like toxicology, conservation, or fisheries biology.

4. Develop Technical and Analytical Skills

Proficiency in GIS mapping, data modeling, laboratory techniques, and statistical analysis is often required for research and policy-related roles. Learning how to use water quality monitoring equipment and software can give you a competitive edge.

5. Find Employment in the Field

Aquatic biologists can work in government agencies (NOAA, EPA), environmental consulting firms, research institutions, or conservation organizations. Some roles focus on field research, while others involve policy-making, education, or lab-based studies.

Through 2033, the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates 1,500 openings each year for zoologists and biologists. Once you become an aquatic biologist, consider pursuing further studies or earning advanced certifications to stay competitive in this specialized field.

How many new positions are expected each year for zoologists and biologists?

What are the different types of aquatic biologists?

Aside from having a bachelor's degree, aquatic biologists specialize in different areas depending on the ecosystems and organisms they study. In 2024, 10% of aquatic biologists have a master's degree.

Here are the main types of aquatic biologists:

Freshwater Biologist

Studies ecosystems in lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands
Monitors water quality and freshwater species (e.g., fish, amphibians, algae)
Works on conservation efforts for endangered freshwater species

Marine Biologist

Focuses on ocean and coastal ecosystems
Studies marine organisms, including fish, coral reefs, and deep-sea creatures
Researches the effects of climate change and pollution on marine life

Fisheries Biologist

Manages and studies fish populations in both freshwater and marine environments
Helps regulate fishing industries and develop sustainable fishing practices
Works with government agencies to monitor fishery health

Aquatic Ecologist

Studies interactions between aquatic organisms and their environments
Analyzes food webs, nutrient cycles, and ecosystem balance
Works on restoring damaged aquatic ecosystems

Aquatic Toxicologist

Examines how pollutants and toxins affect aquatic life and water quality
Conducts laboratory tests to assess chemical contamination
Helps develop environmental regulations and pollution control measures

Hydrologist

Studies the movement and distribution of water in natural and human-made systems
Investigates water resources, groundwater, and climate impacts on aquatic environments
Works on water conservation and management projects

Wetland Biologist

Specializes in wetland ecosystems and their biodiversity
Works on wetland conservation, restoration, and policy development
Assesses the impact of human activities on wetlands

Aquatic Microbiologist

Studies microorganisms in water, such as bacteria, viruses, and algae
Investigates the role of microbes in water purification, disease transmission, and ecosystem health
Works in public health, water treatment, and research labs

Aquatic biologists typically hold at least a bachelor’s degree in biology, marine science, or a related field, while advanced research and specialized roles often require a master’s or Ph.D. The chart below shows the educational attainment levels of professionals in aquatic biology.

What degree do you need to become an aquatic biologist?

To become an aquatic biologist, you typically need at least a bachelor’s degree in a related scientific field. However, higher-level research and specialized roles may require graduate degrees.

Here’s the educational requirements:

1. Bachelor's Degree (Entry-Level Requirement)

A Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in one of the following fields is the minimum requirement for most entry-level aquatic biology positions.

Aquatic Biology
Marine Biology
Environmental Science
Biology
Ecology
Fisheries Science

For Aquatic Biology majors, the average tuition at in-state public colleges is $11,564, while out-of-state private colleges average $42,770 in tuition costs.

2. Master’s Degree (For Research and Specialized Roles)

A Master of Science (M.S.) in aquatic biology or a related field is often required for mid-level positions in research, conservation, and environmental consulting. Graduate programs typically involve field studies, laboratory research, and thesis work on topics such as aquatic ecosystems, water quality, or species conservation.

3. Ph.D. (For Advanced Research and Academic Careers)

A Doctorate (Ph.D.) is necessary for those pursuing careers in university teaching, advanced research, or leadership roles in government agencies and conservation organizations. Ph.D. candidates typically conduct original research on topics such as climate change effects on aquatic life, ecosystem restoration, or toxicology studies.

4. Additional Certifications (Optional but Beneficial)

Although not always required, certifications can enhance job prospects. Online certificate programs are offered for those who want to pursue advanced studies. Some relevant ones include:

Certified Fisheries Professional (CFP) – Offered by the American Fisheries Society
Certified Ecologist (CE) – Provided by the Ecological Society of America
SCUBA Certification – Essential for fieldwork in marine or deep-water environments

Where do aquatic biologists work, and what industries hire them?

Aquatic biologists work in a variety of settings, including government agencies, research institutions, environmental consulting firms, and nonprofit organizations. Many are employed by federal and state agencies such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to study and protect aquatic ecosystems. These agencies are also options for entry level jobs with environmental science degree.

Others work in universities and research labs, conducting studies on water quality, climate change impacts, and aquatic species conservation. Some aquatic biologists also take on field-based roles, collecting water samples, monitoring fish populations, and assessing habitat health in rivers, lakes, wetlands, and oceans.

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services are among the top industries for zoologists and biologists. In 2023, this sector offered $74,980 annual median salary, which was considered the highest offer among other industries.

Environmental consulting firms, fisheries, and aquaculture companies also hire aquatic biologists to assess environmental impacts and ensure regulatory compliance. The oil and gas industry, hydropower companies, and water treatment facilities also employ aquatic biologists to manage ecological risks and monitor aquatic pollution.

Additionally, zoos, aquariums, and conservation organizations seek specialists to help with marine animal care, habitat restoration, and public education. With growing concerns about climate change, water pollution, and biodiversity loss, demand for aquatic biologists continues to rise across multiple industries.

In a similar vein, just as there are steps to becoming a hospice nurse—which involve obtaining necessary nursing qualifications, specializing in palliative care, and gaining experience in end-of-life care—becoming an aquatic biologist also requires a combination of formal education, field experience, and specialized knowledge.

Average annual salary of zoologists and biologist working in technical consulting services

Can a fast-track advanced degree boost my aquatic biology career?

Advanced education can play a pivotal role in accelerating career progression and accessing leadership opportunities within aquatic sciences. Specialized programs, including intensive curricula and field research components, prepare candidates to meet the evolving demands of the sector swiftly and effectively. For instance, certain short-duration programs offer a comprehensive foundation in advanced research techniques and regulatory practices, giving graduates a competitive edge in applying for roles in government, academia, and private sectors. Prospective students looking to expedite their academic journey should consider exploring 1 year masters programs as a viable option for integrating practical skills with theoretical expertise.

What challenges do aquatic biologists face in their work?

Aquatic biologists often encounter unpredictable field conditions, limited research funding, and evolving regulatory standards that require continual adaptation. Professionals must balance extensive outdoor work with detailed laboratory analysis, all while staying current with innovative technologies and emerging environmental issues. Addressing these challenges requires robust problem-solving abilities, effective project management, and a commitment to expansive professional development—such as exploring how long does it take to become an environmental scientist.

How Can I Access Cost-Effective Aquatic Biology Education?

Evaluating degree programs with an emphasis on affordability can optimize your educational investment. Prospective aquatic biologists should compare tuition rates, curriculum structures, and available financial aid while assessing each program's industry reputation. Leveraging resources such as affordable environmental science colleges can guide you toward cost-effective online or hybrid formats that meet accreditation standards and support career readiness. Analyzing overall expenses, including fees and living costs, ensures you select a program that aligns with both your academic and financial goals.

How can aquatic biologists support sustainable urban water management?

Aquatic biologists offer critical insights into water quality, ecosystem dynamics, and sustainable resource allocation, which urban planners can leverage for designing resilient water infrastructure and mitigating urban flooding. Their field data and research drive informed decisions on green infrastructure, stormwater management, and habitat restoration. This interdisciplinary approach assists authorities in integrating natural processes with urban planning to enhance community resilience and environmental health. For professionals interested in blending these fields, consider exploring an urban development degree online.

How Can Continuous Education Enhance a Career in Aquatic Biology?

Continuous education equips aquatic biologists with modern research tools and advanced analytical techniques to keep pace with evolving environmental challenges and technological advancements. Engaging in specialized training—through workshops, certifications, or targeted online courses—not only deepens technical competency but also fosters interdisciplinary collaboration essential for innovative problem-solving in ecosystem management. For instance, pursuing an online degree in environmental science can broaden expertise in environmental risk assessment and sustainable practices, enabling professionals to adapt effectively to new scientific findings and regulatory requirements.

How Can Aquatic Biologists Broaden Their Interdisciplinary Expertise?

Aquatic biologists increasingly benefit from integrating methods and insights from related fields to address complex environmental challenges. Leveraging interdisciplinary skills—such as data analytics, remote sensing, and principles from environmental engineering—enhances research accuracy and fosters innovative conservation strategies. By collaborating with professionals in fields like hydrology and geospatial analysis, aquatic biologists can refine methodologies and improve ecosystem management practices. Pursuing targeted academic opportunities, including the cheapest online degree in environmental engineering, equips professionals with the technical tools needed to navigate emerging challenges and broaden their career potential.

What is the average salary of an aquatic biologist?

While the average salary of an aquatic biologist in the U.S. is approximately $82,000 per year, individual earnings can range from $64,000 to over $100,000, influenced by factors such as experience, education, and geographic location.

Here's a summary of the reported figures:

GovSalaries.com reports an average salary of $82,961 per year, with most salaries ranging between $64,279 and $90,674. The top 10% earners receive up to $103,892 annually.
Salary.com indicates that aquatic biologists earn between $69,920 and $95,602 per year, with an average salary of $82,212.
Glassdoor provides a median total pay of $69,798 per year, with base salaries ranging from $46,000 to $72,000 and additional compensation between $9,000 and $17,000 for those with certifications that pay well.

Salaries can vary significantly by location. For example, California offers some of the highest salaries, with averages around $151,801. Other states like Nevada and Illinois also report higher-than-average salaries.

What are the different fields of specialization in aquatic biology?

Aquatic biology are classified under sustainability careers and offers several fields of specialization, each focusing on different aspects of water ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them. Specialists have pursued further studies and are on average 40 years old, representing 49% of the aquatic biologist population.

Marine Biology: focuses on ocean ecosystems, including coral reefs, deep-sea environments, and marine life such as fish, whales, and microorganisms. Marine biologists study biodiversity, oceanic climate effects, and conservation efforts to protect marine habitats.
Freshwater Biology: examines lakes, rivers, wetlands, and streams. Freshwater biologists research species like amphibians, fish, and aquatic plants while addressing environmental challenges such as pollution, habitat loss, and invasive species.
Fisheries Biology: a specialized field that focuses on the study and management of fish populations. Fisheries biologists work to ensure sustainable fishing practices, monitor fish health, and assess the environmental impact of commercial and recreational fishing industries.
Aquatic Ecology: is a broad discipline that studies the interactions between aquatic organisms and their environments. Ecologists analyze ecosystems' health, track biodiversity, and study how human activities affect aquatic life, often working on conservation projects and environmental impact assessments.
Aquatic Toxicology: investigates how pollutants and chemicals affect water ecosystems. Aquatic toxicologists assess the impact of industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and other contaminants on aquatic life, helping to develop environmental policies and water quality standards.

Each of these fields plays a crucial role in understanding and preserving aquatic ecosystems, offering diverse career opportunities for those passionate about water environments and conservation. These are also accessible as affordable online bachelor degree programs.

Interestingly, much like the juvenile probation officer career path, these aquatic biology specialties require a deep commitment to public service and environmental stewardship. Just as a juvenile probation officer may choose to specialize in youth rehabilitation, aquatic biologists have the option to focus on various ecosystems or specific issues like conservation or toxicology.

Certain states employ a higher concentration of zoologists and wildlife biologists, including aquatic biologists, due to their abundant natural resources, conservation programs, and research institutions. For instance, Washington had the most aquatic biologists in 2024. The chart below highlights the states with the highest employment levels in this field.

What is the job outlook for aquatic biologists?

The job outlook for aquatic biologists is positive but competitive, with steady demand in environmental conservation, water quality management, and research. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects a 4% job growth for zoologists and wildlife biologists, including aquatic biologists, from 2022 to 2032, aligning with the average growth rate for all occupations.

This growth is driven by increasing concerns about climate change, habitat conservation, and water pollution, leading to more opportunities in government agencies, environmental consulting firms, and nonprofit organizations. However, competition for research and academic positions remains high, making advanced degrees and specialized certifications beneficial for career advancement.

The demand for aquatic biologists varies by industry and location. Government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) consistently seek experts in water quality, fisheries management, and conservation biology. Private companies in aquaculture, water treatment, and environmental consulting also provide career opportunities.

States with extensive coastlines or major freshwater ecosystems, such as California, Florida, and Washington, tend to offer more jobs in marine and freshwater biology. To stay competitive, aspiring aquatic biologists should gain hands-on experience through internships, field research, and certifications in areas like Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and water quality assessment.

On a related note, much like the path to becoming an aquatic biologist, how to become a K9 officer involves specific training and qualifications. Those interested in working with K9 units must undergo rigorous law enforcement training and demonstrate proficiency in handling dogs. This career path combines specialized skills, much like aquatic biology, and offers a rewarding way to contribute to public safety.

Here's What Professionals Have to Say About Becoming an Aquatic Biologist

Working as an aquatic biologist has allowed me to combine my love for nature with meaningful conservation efforts. Every day, I get to study marine ecosystems, restore habitats, and contribute to policies that protect our waters. Knowing that my work helps preserve aquatic life for future generations is incredibly fulfilling. Jessica

This career has taken me to some of the most breathtaking aquatic environments—from remote coral reefs to pristine freshwater lakes. Conducting field research, tracking fish populations, and diving into marine ecosystems makes every day an adventure. If you love science and the outdoors, aquatic biology is the perfect blend of both. Daniel

Aquatic biology has given me endless opportunities for learning and growth, from working in labs to leading environmental research projects. Whether analyzing water quality or studying climate change effects, I know my work contributes to solving real-world ecological challenges. The field is constantly evolving, and that keeps my passion alive. Michael

Key Findings

Aquatic biologists belong to the Zoologists and Biologists grouping of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). With a 4% projected job growth through 2033, the estimated total workforce under this classification in 2023 was about 18,800.
49% of the aquatic biologist population are on average 40 years old specializing on different aspects of water ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them.
While the average salary for an aquatic biologist in the U.S. is approximately $82,000 per year, individual earnings can range from $64,000 to over $100,000, influenced by factors such as experience, education, and geographic location.
For aquatic biology majors, the average tuition at in-state public colleges is $11,564, while out-of-state private colleges average $42,770 in tuition costs.
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services are among the top industries for zoologists and biologists. In 2023, this sector offered $74,980 annual median salary, considered the highest offer among other industries.

Other Things You Should Know About Becoming an Aquatic Biologist

Do you need any certifications to become an aquatic biologist?

While certifications are not always required to become an aquatic biologist, they can enhance job prospects and demonstrate expertise in specialized areas. Certifications such as the Certified Fisheries Professional (CFP) from the American Fisheries Society or the Certified Ecologist credential from the Ecological Society of America can be beneficial. Additionally, certifications in water quality analysis, scuba diving (for marine research), or GIS mapping can provide a competitive edge in the field.

What are the different career paths for an aquatic biologist?

Aquatic biologists can pursue careers in research, conservation, environmental consulting, government agencies, and aquaculture. They may work as marine or freshwater biologists, conducting research on aquatic ecosystems, or as environmental scientists, assessing water quality and pollution impacts. Other primary career paths include fisheries biologists, managing fish populations, and aquatic toxicologists, studying the effects of contaminants on water life

What is the difference between an aquatic biologist and a marine biologist?

The primary difference between an aquatic biologist and a marine biologist lies in their focus areas. Aquatic biologists study all types of water ecosystems, including freshwater (lakes, rivers, wetlands) and marine (oceans, seas) environments, while marine biologists specialize specifically in saltwater ecosystems and marine organisms. Both fields overlap, but aquatic biologists have a broader scope that includes freshwater conservation, fisheries management, and water quality research.

What jobs can you get with an aquatic biology degree besides being a biologist?

With an aquatic biology degree, you can pursue careers beyond being a biologist, including environmental consultant, water quality specialist, marine policy analyst, and aquatic toxicologist. You can also work in aquaculture management, hydrology, science communication, or education, such as becoming a museum curator or an outreach coordinator at an aquarium. Additionally, industries like eco-tourism, environmental law, and sustainable fisheries offer roles where your expertise in aquatic ecosystems is highly valuable.