How to Become an Accountant in Massachusetts for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Accountants and auditors can earn a decent living in the state of Massachusetts. In 2023, accountants and auditors in the Bay State had a median hourly wage of $42.26 [US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2024]. Notably, the living wage for single, childless adult residents in Massachusetts in 2025 is $28.88, while that of two adult residents with two children is $37.71 (Glasmeier & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2025). Therefore, aspiring accounting professionals can expect a good income potential along with a positive job growth rate across the United States (US).

To help aspirants get started on their careers, I created this in-depth guide to becoming an accountant in Massachusetts. I discuss academic requirements, educational expenses, the licensure process, salary potential, and career outlook.

Key Things to Know About Becoming an Accountant in Massachusetts

The average annual salary for accountants in Massachusetts is approximately $77,000, reflecting the state's higher cost of living.
Between 2023 and 2033, employment for accountants and auditors is expected to increase by 6% across the US, which is faster than the average job growth rate for all occupations in the country (US BLS, 2025).
Noteworthy universities offering strong accounting programs include Boston College, Northeastern University, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
While education is critical, certification such as CPA licensure significantly enhances career prospects and earning potential in Massachusetts.

What is the minimum educational requirement for becoming an accountant in Massachusetts?
What are the licensing requirements for accountants in Massachusetts?
What are the most in-demand skills for accountants in Massachusetts?
What accounting roles are available in Massachusetts?
How much can I earn as an accountant in Massachusetts?
What is the job outlook for accountants in Massachusetts?
How is technology reshaping accounting practices in Massachusetts?
Are there opportunities in forensic accounting for Massachusetts accountants?
What factors should I consider when choosing an accounting program in Massachusetts?
Can accountants enhance their expertise by integrating legal training?
Which industries are best for accountants in Massachusetts?
What regulations and ethical considerations should I know regarding accounting practice in Massachusetts?
What is the continuing educational requirement for accountants in Massachusetts?
What career and advancement opportunities are available for accountants in Massachusetts?
Other Things You Should Know about Becoming an Accountant in Massachusetts

What is the minimum educational requirement for becoming an accountant in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, the minimum education to become an accountant in Massachusetts is notably stringent compared to many other states. The Massachusetts Board of Public Accountancy mandates that aspiring Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) complete at least 150 semester hours of post-secondary education, a requirement that goes beyond the typical 120 semester hours for a standard bachelor's degree. This raises the question of whether this additional educational burden effectively prepares candidates for the demands of the profession or simply extends the time and cost associated with licensure.

The 150 semester hours usually translate into earning a bachelor’s degree plus extra credits, which can be accumulated through graduate coursework or additional undergraduate classes. This structure aims to ensure a well-rounded foundation in accounting principles and related business disciplines. When considering accounting degree requirements Massachusetts candidates must fulfill, it’s important to note the specified coursework areas include financial accounting, auditing, taxation, managerial accounting, business law, economics, finance, and information systems. Such a curriculum is intended to cultivate a broad skill set, although some may argue that this breadth could dilute focus on core accounting competencies.

Those looking for alternative educational routes might explore accounting certificates as supplemental options. These programs can offer targeted knowledge and skills, yet they typically do not replace the comprehensive credit hour requirement needed for CPA licensure. This highlights a tension between flexible learning pathways and rigid regulatory standards designed to maintain professional quality.

Official transcripts demonstrating completion of all educational prerequisites must be submitted when applying for the CPA examination. While the emphasis on extensive education aligns with recommendations from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA), it remains worth examining if this elevated threshold could unintentionally limit diversity in the profession by favoring those with greater financial resources or access to extended education.

For students pursuing accounting careers without immediate CPA licensure ambitions, a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field still serves as a critical foundation. However, the growing emphasis on additional credits mandated in accounting degree requirements Massachusetts suggests that early planning for extended education is essential to meet future career goals in the state’s competitive accounting landscape.

What are the licensing requirements for accountants in Massachusetts?

Becoming a licensed accountant in Massachusetts requires meeting several structured criteria, but it is worth questioning whether these traditional requirements fully prepare candidates for the diverse challenges of modern accounting. The state mandates a minimum of 150 semester hours of education, typically necessitating more than a standard four-year bachelor's degree. While this ensures a strong academic foundation, some might argue that the emphasis on credit hours overlooks practical skills and adaptability in an evolving financial landscape.

Passing the Uniform CPA Examination is another crucial step. This rigorous test covers auditing, financial accounting, regulation, and business environment topics, with Massachusetts candidates generally experiencing pass rates similar to the national average of about 50% per section. However, the exam's heavy focus on theoretical knowledge and standardized testing raises questions about whether it accurately measures real-world accounting proficiency. Supplementing exam prep with review courses is common, yet the reliance on costly programs may disadvantage some candidates and does not guarantee success.

The requirement of at least one year of supervised work experience under a licensed CPA aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice. This experience is essential to demonstrate practical competence, but it also assumes that all supervisory environments provide equally valuable learning opportunities, which may not always be the case. Additionally, candidates must submit comprehensive documentation to the Massachusetts Board of Public Accountancy to achieve licensure, ensuring oversight but potentially adding bureaucratic complexity to the process.

Overall, while Massachusetts’ licensing pathway sets rigorous standards intended to uphold public trust, prospective accountants should critically assess how well these requirements align with their career goals and the evolving demands of the profession. Exploring multiple resources, including professional organizations and peer networks, can provide a more holistic preparation beyond formal education and examinations.

What are the most in-demand skills for accountants in Massachusetts?

What accounting roles are available in Massachusetts?

Accounting jobs in Massachusetts offer a variety of roles that challenge aspiring professionals to specialize deeply or diversify their expertise. While becoming a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) remains a prestigious goal requiring rigorous education and experience, other paths such as financial accounting, tax accounting, auditing, budgeting and forecasting, and cost accounting provide distinct career trajectories. Each specialization demands a unique skill set and continuous adaptation to evolving regulations and technological tools.

An accountant from Massachusetts shared that navigating the educational requirements—especially the 150 semester hours—was unexpectedly demanding. They recounted balancing advanced coursework with part-time work, often grappling with the emotional strain of maintaining focus amidst competing responsibilities. This experience highlighted the importance of resilience and time management beyond academic knowledge. Their professional experience, gained under a supervising CPA, was equally crucial in translating theoretical learning into practical skills, particularly in mastering complex accounting software and regulatory compliance.

While financial accountants emphasize GAAP-compliant reporting to support stakeholders’ decision-making, tax accountants must stay vigilant about frequent changes in tax codes. Auditors, often positioned in public firms or corporate internal departments, require acute analytical skills to verify financial integrity. Similarly, roles in budgeting and forecasting demand strategic foresight and proficiency in financial modeling, whereas cost accountants focus on intricate cost analyses relevant to manufacturing and service pricing. For those uncertain about their specialization, exploring an online accounting degree can provide exposure to these diverse areas while accommodating individual pacing.

Massachusetts accounting career opportunities are robust but competitive, necessitating continual learning and networking. The accountant reflected that joining local professional groups was invaluable for career growth, offering mentorship and insights into industry trends that textbooks alone could not provide.

How much can I earn as an accountant in Massachusetts?

The accountant salary in Massachusetts varies widely depending on the industry, level of experience, and particular role. Entry-level accountants typically start with salaries ranging from $50,000 to $70,000 across different sectors, but this figure alone does not capture the complexity behind compensation trends. For instance, public accounting firms, especially Big Four and mid-tier companies, tend to offer starting salaries near the upper bound of this range, reflecting the demanding workload and prestige associated with these firms.

However, one should critically assess whether the higher initial pay in public firms truly compensates for the often extensive hours and pressure compared to other sectors. Corporate accountants in Massachusetts, particularly in finance or technology companies, generally earn slightly more than those in retail or manufacturing, with entry-level salaries between $60,000 and $70,000. Experienced professionals in corporate roles can see earnings rise to $110,000 or more, particularly in positions such as financial controllers or internal auditors.

Government accounting roles offer lower starting salaries, typically $50,000 to $60,000, but may provide more stability and benefits, which are important considerations beyond the paycheck
Nonprofit organizations tend to offer entry-level salaries similar to government roles, between $50,000 and $60,000, with experienced accountants or finance directors earning $70,000 to $90,000 depending on the organization’s size

Advanced accountants with specialized skills or certifications like the CPA can command salaries from $90,000 to $130,000 or more, underscoring the value of professional development. For those exploring how to become an accountant in Massachusetts, understanding these salary dynamics is crucial. It is also useful to review a financial accountant job description to align career goals with realistic salary expectations and industry demands.

Overall, while the average earnings for Massachusetts accountants suggest promising financial prospects, one should weigh factors such as work-life balance, job security, and industry growth when considering long-term career paths.

Accountants and auditors annual mean wage Massachusetts

What is the job outlook for accountants in Massachusetts?

The accounting job growth in Massachusetts appears steady, with employment projections aligning closely with the national average of approximately 7% growth from 2022 to 2032. While this suggests a stable demand for accountants and auditors, it is worth questioning whether this rate sufficiently reflects the evolving economic landscape, especially given the state’s strong financial sector centered in Boston. The concentration of banking, investment firms, and corporate headquarters certainly creates opportunities, but competition may be intense. Additionally, the growing integration of technology and data analytics in accounting raises questions about how traditional roles might shift, potentially requiring future accountants to continuously update their skills to remain relevant.

When considering the massachusetts accountant employment outlook, salary prospects are generally favorable, with a mean annual wage around $90,000 as of 2023, which is substantially higher than the national average. However, this advantage must be weighed against the state’s higher cost of living, including housing and healthcare expenses. For prospective accountants, especially those new to the profession, it is prudent to critically evaluate whether the salary premiums adequately offset these costs. Furthermore, professional certifications like the CPA remain crucial, not only for enhancing earning potential but also for maintaining competitiveness in a crowded market.

For those aiming to pursue an accounting career in Massachusetts, educational pathways such as an online master's degree in professional accounting can offer flexibility and updated knowledge to meet industry demands. However, it is important to consider how different educational formats align with personal learning preferences and career goals. In sum, while the job market shows promise, aspiring accountants should adopt a discerning approach, balancing optimistic employment outlooks with practical considerations around cost, skill development, and long-term career adaptability.

How is technology reshaping accounting practices in Massachusetts?

Digital transformation is rapidly altering traditional accounting workflows in Massachusetts. Firms are increasingly adopting cloud-based software, automation, and AI-driven analytics to enhance data accuracy, streamline reporting, and improve decision-making. This shift not only optimizes routine processes but also provides deeper insights into financial trends and risk management. In addition, blockchain technology is emerging as a tool for securing transactions and ensuring transparency, aligning well with evolving regulatory requirements. Professionals are expected to merge technical proficiency with traditional accounting expertise, making it beneficial for aspiring accountants to pursue programs at the best accounting schools in Massachusetts that integrate modern digital tools into their curriculum.

Are there opportunities in forensic accounting for Massachusetts accountants?

For accountants aiming to diversify their expertise, forensic accounting presents a niche that merges analytical financial skills with investigative techniques. This specialization involves dissecting complex financial transactions to detect irregularities and potential fraud—skills that are increasingly in demand as businesses strive for enhanced transparency and risk management. Enhancing one’s capabilities in this field may involve training beyond traditional accounting education. For example, gaining insights through forensic scientist education in Massachusetts can provide the cross-disciplinary expertise needed to excel in forensic investigations and support legal proceedings.

What factors should I consider when choosing an accounting program in Massachusetts?

When evaluating accounting programs, prospective students should assess curriculum rigor, accreditation status, and the integration of current technological tools essential for modern practice. Programs offering strong internship networks, industry partnerships, and specialized tracks—such as forensic or corporate accounting—can better prepare graduates for the regional job market. Additionally, reviewing faculty expertise and learning resources, including hands-on labs and simulation software, helps ensure the program aligns with both academic and practical career goals. Candidates are encouraged to explore data on institutional performance by checking rankings and detailed profiles of the best business schools in Massachusetts to make an informed decision.

Can accountants enhance their expertise by integrating legal training?

In today's complex financial environment, integrating legal insights can sharpen an accountant’s ability to navigate regulatory challenges and manage risk. Professionals who develop an understanding of legal frameworks are better equipped to analyze contractual terms, ensure compliance, and support litigation-related financial assessments. Exploring targeted legal training, such as Massachusetts paralegal education requirements, can provide valuable complementary skills that enhance overall professional capability without duplicating core accounting competencies.

Which industries are best for accountants in Massachusetts?

Accountants in Massachusetts have several industry options, each offering different advantages in salary, benefits, and work-life balance, yet these choices come with trade-offs worth examining. Public accounting firms, including the Big Four, often promise the highest starting salaries and clear promotion tracks, with entry-level pay between $55,000 and $70,000. However, the demanding workload, especially during tax season, may challenge those valuing consistent hours or lower stress. Is the financial reward worth the intense work environment for every individual?

Corporate accounting roles, particularly within finance, technology, and healthcare sectors, tend to offer salaries exceeding $80,000 for experienced accountants, along with bonuses and comprehensive benefits. These positions often provide more regular hours, appealing to those prioritizing work-life balance. Yet, one might question if the corporate environment’s focus on profitability and performance metrics aligns with personal values or long-term job satisfaction.

The government sector provides a middle ground, offering a median salary around $70,000, strong job security, and generous retirement and health benefits. However, the slower pace of promotions compared to private firms could hinder career advancement for ambitious professionals. Does the trade-off between security and progression suit everyone’s career goals?

Nonprofit organizations, while generally offering lower salaries ranging from $50,000 to $65,000, may attract accountants motivated by social impact and a collaborative work culture. Flexibility in these roles is a significant benefit, but financial limitations could restrict growth opportunities. How should prospective accountants weigh meaningful work against compensation?

Ultimately, aspiring accountants in Massachusetts must critically assess their priorities—whether it's salary, stability, work environment, or mission-driven work—to choose the sector that best fits their personal and professional aspirations.

What regulations and ethical considerations should I know regarding accounting practice in Massachusetts?

Becoming an accountant in Massachusetts requires navigating a complex legal and ethical landscape that raises important questions about the balance between regulation and professional autonomy. The Massachusetts Board of Public Accountancy enforces strict licensure requirements, including education, examination, and experience benchmarks. While these safeguards aim to protect the public by ensuring competence, one might question whether such rigid frameworks could also limit access to the profession or stifle innovative approaches to accounting.

Ethically, Massachusetts accountants must adhere to the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, which stresses integrity, objectivity, and confidentiality. These principles, while foundational, often involve subjective judgment calls. For example, how does one reconcile the duty of confidentiality with the public’s right to transparency in cases of suspected fraud? The disciplinary measures for ethical violations—including fines, suspension, or license revocation—highlight the seriousness of these standards, yet they also provoke reflection on whether penalties effectively deter misconduct or primarily serve as reactive enforcement.

Continuing professional education (CPE) is mandated every two years to ensure accountants remain current with evolving laws and standards. While ongoing education is unquestionably beneficial, it invites debate about the most effective methods of professional development and whether current requirements adequately address the dynamic nature of financial regulations and technology.

Recent enforcement trends in Massachusetts show an increase in disciplinary actions against accountants, signaling heightened scrutiny. This raises questions about the pressures faced by professionals operating under intense regulatory oversight and the potential impacts on their decision-making and ethical behavior. Prospective accountants should critically assess these frameworks and consider how to uphold ethical integrity while navigating the demands of licensure and professional practice.

What is the continuing educational requirement for accountants in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, maintaining a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) license requires completing continuing professional education (CPE), a mandate designed to ensure accountants remain current with evolving industry standards. The Massachusetts Board of Public Accountancy requires licensed CPAs to complete 80 hours of CPE every two years, with at least 20 hours completed annually. This framework assumes that structured education is the best way to maintain professional competence, but one might question whether rigid hour requirements truly reflect an accountant’s ongoing skill and knowledge development.

Additionally, the requirement that at least four hours focus on ethics within each two-year cycle highlights the profession’s emphasis on integrity. While this is undoubtedly important, some may argue that ethical behavior should be embedded more organically throughout all learning rather than isolated in a separate category.

Massachusetts allows self-study options for CPE, provided they meet specific criteria, which introduces flexibility. However, the criteria and approval process could potentially limit innovative learning methods or undervalue practical experience and informal learning opportunities. The necessity for course approval by recognized providers raises questions about accessibility and the diversity of available educational resources.

Non-compliance with CPE requirements can lead to severe consequences such as license suspension or revocation, emphasizing the state’s commitment to public protection. Yet, this punitive approach might also discourage professionals who face challenges balancing continuing education with work and personal responsibilities.

Finally, adherence to CPE is often linked to career advancement in Massachusetts’s competitive financial sector. While continuing education can open doors, it is worth considering whether mandatory CPE hours alone sufficiently prepare accountants for the dynamic demands of the profession or if more holistic, competency-based assessments would better serve the public and the professionals alike.

What career and advancement opportunities are available for accountants in Massachusetts?

For those exploring accounting career opportunities in Massachusetts, professional organizations serve as critical platforms for networking and skill development. The Massachusetts Society of Certified Public Accountants (MassCPA) offers extensive resources such as continuing professional education and leadership development, but it is worth questioning whether relying heavily on a single statewide organization might limit exposure to diverse perspectives found in national or specialized groups. The American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) and the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) Boston Chapter provide additional avenues for accountants focused on different specialties, suggesting that a multi-faceted approach to professional affiliation could better support career advancement paths for Massachusetts accountants.

Networking resources extend beyond organizations to include events hosted by universities like Boston University and Northeastern University, which maintain strong connections with regional employers. While these events facilitate internships and entry-level positions, one might consider the competitive nature of such opportunities and the importance of proactive engagement in multiple networking channels. Additionally, aspiring accountants should evaluate the value of an online accounting degree vs traditional degree in positioning themselves within these networks and the evolving job market.

Massachusetts’ proximity to major accounting firms and niche industries adds complexity to career development. The presence of firms like Deloitte and PwC offers structured advancement, but specialization in sectors such as pharmaceuticals or biotech demands regulatory knowledge that may require supplementary training. Thus, navigating these advancement paths for Massachusetts accountants calls for strategic decisions about professional affiliations, continuous education, and targeted networking to maximize career growth potential.

What do accountants say about their careers in Massachusetts?

“Completing my accounting degree at Boston University gave me a solid foundation in both theory and practical skills. Starting my career in a local business here in Massachusetts allowed me to apply what I learned immediately, while also experiencing firsthand the unique economic environment of the region. I love how this career lets me contribute to the growth of small startups and vibrant enterprises, fueling the local economy. The professional stability and opportunities for advancement in Massachusetts make this path very rewarding. I’m genuinely passionate about helping businesses thrive in this dynamic state.” —Joshua
“Attending Northeastern University was a transformative experience that prepared me well for the challenges of the accounting field. Working in a Massachusetts enterprise exposed me to the complexities of the local market and the diverse needs of clients. This career has fostered my personal growth by teaching me resilience and adaptability, especially when navigating the fast-paced Boston financial scene. I find great satisfaction in contributing positively to my community’s economic health through my work. The blend of professional development and community impact here is truly unmatched.” —Maddie
“Studying accounting provided me with excellent academic training and access to local resources that enhanced my learning experience. Beginning my career in a Massachusetts business helped me understand the unique regulatory and cultural factors influencing accounting practices in the region. This field constantly challenges me to grow professionally while making a tangible difference in the local economy. The opportunities for advancement and continuing education in Massachusetts keep me motivated and engaged. I appreciate how this career supports both my career goals and my connection to the community.” —Travis

Other Things You Should Know about Becoming an Accountant in Massachusetts

What steps are required to apply for the CPA exam in Massachusetts?

To apply for the CPA exam in Massachusetts, candidates must first meet strict educational requirements, typically 150 semester hours focused on accounting and related business courses. This prerequisite can be challenging and raises questions about whether the traditional credit-hour system accurately reflects a candidate's readiness. After confirming eligibility, applicants submit their documentation, including transcripts, to the Massachusetts Board of Public Accountancy for review. Approval leads to the issuance of a Notice to Schedule (NTS), which permits registration for exam sections through NASBA. While this process seems straightforward, the timing of submissions and fee payments demands careful attention to avoid delays. Moreover, candidates should critically evaluate the exam structure and preparation strategies rather than assuming all applicants benefit equally from standard study methods. Maintaining organized records and responding promptly to board communications can significantly smooth the process, although some might argue that the administrative burden could deter qualified individuals from pursuing licensure.

What are the eligibility requirements for taking the CPA exam in Massachusetts?

To sit for the CPA exam in Massachusetts, candidates must meet several educational and residency criteria set by the state’s Board of Public Accountancy. The requirement of 150 semester hours typically means completing a bachelor’s degree with focused coursework in accounting, auditing, taxation, and business law. While this standard aims to ensure comprehensive knowledge, it can pose challenges for those with degrees in unrelated fields or from institutions with varying credit systems. Residency requirements further complicate eligibility, as candidates must either reside in Massachusetts or demonstrate a meaningful connection through education or employment. This raises questions about the accessibility of the exam for out-of-state or international candidates who may contribute valuable expertise but lack traditional ties. Applicants must also submit official transcripts and documentation to verify their qualifications, a process that underscores the importance of transparent and standardized educational records but may disadvantage those from less conventional academic backgrounds.

Completion of 150 semester hours of college education
Bachelor’s degree with relevant coursework in accounting or related fields
Fulfillment of Massachusetts residency or state connection requirements
Submission of official transcripts and supporting documents

How many attempts are allowed to pass the CPA exam in Massachusetts?

Massachusetts does not limit the number of attempts a candidate can make to pass the CPA exam sections, which might initially seem advantageous for those who require multiple tries. However, this freedom comes with a significant caveat: all four sections must be passed within an 18-month rolling window starting from the date the first section is passed. Failure to do so results in the expiration of credits earned on earlier sections, necessitating retakes and potentially prolonging the certification timeline.

This system raises questions about the true flexibility offered. While unlimited attempts reduce pressure on any single exam sitting, the strict 18-month completion rule imposes a different form of time constraint. Candidates must balance the opportunity to retake sections frequently with the need to strategically pass all four within the limited timeframe, a challenge that requires careful planning and consistent effort.

No cap on the total number of attempts for each exam section.
All four sections must be passed within 18 months, or earlier passes expire.
Retakes can be scheduled freely, depending on testing availability.
Awareness of the 18-month rule is crucial to avoid losing credit and delaying certification.

Do I need a supervised accounting experience to qualify as an accountant in Massachusetts?

Yes, to qualify as a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) in Massachusetts, you are required to complete supervised accounting experience. This experience must total at least one year, equivalent to 2,000 hours, under the guidance of a licensed CPA. The Massachusetts Board of Public Accountancy enforces this to ensure candidates gain practical skills beyond academic knowledge.

The qualifying experience typically involves:

Working in accounting roles that allow application of accounting principles and auditing standards.
Engaging in professional activities where ethical judgment is exercised and developed.
Operating within environments overseen by licensed CPAs who can mentor and assess performance.

Common settings for this supervised experience include public accounting firms, corporate accounting departments, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations. However, it is essential to critically evaluate whether all these settings equally prepare candidates for the complexities of the CPA exam and professional practice. For instance, experience in highly specialized or narrow accounting roles may not cover the breadth of skills expected by the Board.

Some may question if such stringent supervision is necessary, arguing that extensive academic training could suffice. Yet, the requirement highlights the value placed on real-world exposure and accountability, which help bridge theory and practice. Moreover, supervised experience encourages development of professional judgment that cannot be fully taught in classrooms.

Without fulfilling this supervised experience, candidates are ineligible to sit for the CPA exam or obtain licensure in Massachusetts. This requirement aligns the state with national standards emphasizing that practical training is indispensable for competent accounting professionals.

References:

Accounting.com. (2025, March 11). How to Become a CPA. http://Accounting.com
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). (2024). CPA Exam Overview and Requirements. https://www.aicpa-cima.com/resources/toolkit/cpa-exam
Artsyl. (2024). 10 Top Accounting Organizations in the USA. https://www.artsyltech.com/accounting-organizations
300Hours. (2024, December 4). Accounting Career Path: Roles, Salaries, Progression. https://300hours.com/accounting-career-path
Glasmeier, A. K. & Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2025). Living Wage Calculation for Massachusetts. https://livingwage.mit.edu/states/25
National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA). (2024). Uniform CPA Examination Candidate Bulletin. https://nasba.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/CPA-Exam-Candidate-Guide_07012023.pdf
New York State Education Department, Office of the Professions. (2024). Initial License for Certified Public Accountants. https://www.op.nysed.gov/professions/certified-public-accountants/initial-license-requirements
Russ Hadick & Associates, Inc. (2024). Accounting Job Market and Salary Trends in 2024. https://rharecruiters.com/accounting-job-market-and-salary-trends-in-2024
US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, April 18). Accountants and Auditors. Occupational Outlook Handbook. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/accountants-and-auditors.htm
US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, April 03). May 2023 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, Massachusetts. Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes_ma.htm