How To Become a Therapist: Types & Requirements for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

In today's fast-paced world, mental health has taken center stage as people strive to navigate the complexities of modern life. However, the demand for qualified therapists far outweighs the supply, leaving countless individuals without the support they need to thrive. Whether you are at the start of your academic journey or considering a career change, knowing what to do will help you to take the first steps toward making a difference in others' lives.

This guide is designed to help aspiring therapists like you make sense of the journey ahead. From understanding the different types of therapy careers to breaking down the educational and licensing requirements, this comprehensive resource will equip you with the knowledge to make informed decisions.

Key things you should know about becoming a therapist:

With rising awareness of mental health, the need for qualified therapists is at an all-time high, offering job security and growth opportunities.
You can explore various specializations like clinical psychology, marriage counseling, or school therapy, each with unique roles and rewards.
Mental health counselors can earn an average annual salary of $53,710, with opportunities for various job roles and higher pay.

What are the steps and requirements to become a therapist?
How long does it take to become a licensed therapist?
What are the different types of therapists?
How much can I earn as a therapist?
How do you specialize in areas like family therapy or child therapy?
What are the daily tasks of a therapist?
How important is accreditation for therapy degree programs?
What is the difference between an LMFT, LPC, and LCSW license?
What is the job outlook for therapists?
How can I access affordable and accredited therapy degree programs?
What factors most influence my earning potential as a therapist?
How can I effectively manage therapist burnout?
What are the common challenges therapists face in their careers?
Which degree best aligns with my therapeutic goals: Social work or psychology?
How can a board-certified behavior analyst certification enhance my practice?
Are online PsyD programs a viable option for advancing my therapy career?
How can advanced online education boost my therapy career?
How can mentorship complement formal education in therapy?
Can an online master's in applied behavior analysis strengthen my therapeutic expertise?
Are affordable online degrees a smart investment for my therapy career?
Other things you should know about becoming a therapist

What are the steps and requirements to become a therapist?

While the path may vary depending on your chosen specialization, all therapists share a common goal: to support and guide individuals through life’s challenges. This section outlines the essential steps and requirements, helping you navigate the process from education to licensure with clarity and confidence.

Choose a specialization: Decide on the type of therapy you want to practice, such as marriage and family therapy, clinical mental health counseling, or social work. There's also art therapy, if you are artistically inclined. Learn more about how to become an art therapist if you want to know more.
Earn a bachelor’s degree: Obtain a degree in psychology, sociology, or a related field. This foundational education introduces concepts in human behavior, research methods, and mental health.
Pursue a master’s degree or higher: Most therapy roles require at least a master’s degree in fields such as marriage and family therapy, mental health counseling, or social work. For clinical psychologists, a doctoral degree is often necessary.
Complete supervised clinical hours: Gain hands-on experience by completing the required number of supervised clinical hours. This typically ranges from 1,000 to 4,000 hours, depending on your state and specialization.
Pass licensing exams: After completing the educational requirements, you need to pass the required licensing exams for your field, such as the National Counselor Examination (NCE), the ASWB exam for social workers, or the MFT national exam.
Obtain state licensure: Apply for licensure in the state where you plan to practice. Each state has specific requirements, so check with your local licensing board. You will also need to pursue continuing education as many states require licensed therapists to complete continuing education to maintain their credentials and stay updated on industry practices.

How long does it take to become a licensed therapist?

How long does it take to become a mental health counselor or any other type of therapist? The time it takes to become a licensed therapist depends on the specialization and the state requirements. Here’s a general timeline:

Bachelor’s degree: The first step is earning a bachelor’s degree in psychology, sociology, or a related field, which typically takes four years.
Master’s degree: Most therapy careers require a master’s degree, which takes an additional 2–3 years to complete. However, you can also look into the best online master's in psychology 1 year programs, which significantly reduces the study period.
Supervised clinical hours: After earning a master’s degree, you’ll need to complete 1,000 to 4,000 hours of supervised clinical experience. This can take one to two years, depending on your program and state requirements.
Licensing exam and application: Preparing for and passing the licensing exam, as well as submitting your application, can take several months.

On average, it takes seven to 15 years to become a licensed therapist, from undergraduate studies to full licensure. For those pursuing a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.), it may take an additional four to six years, extending the total time to 10 to 15 years. While many people ask, “Do you need a psychology degree to be a therapist?” the answer depends on the type of therapy you wish to practice. In most cases, a degree in psychology, counseling, social work, or a related field is required to become a licensed therapist.

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What are the different types of therapists?

There are several types of therapists, each specializing in different areas of mental health and emotional well-being, and understanding the quickest way to become a therapist can help you choose the right path for your career goals. Here’s an overview of the main types:

Clinical Psychologist

Clinical psychologists specialize in diagnosing and treating a range of mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and more severe conditions like bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Most clinical psychologists hold a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) and often work in private practice, hospitals, or academic and research institutions.

Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT)

Marriage and family therapists focus on helping couples and families navigate conflicts, improve communication, and build stronger relationships. They address issues like marital disputes, parenting challenges, and family dynamics affected by trauma or mental illness. MFTs often work in private practices, counseling centers, or healthcare facilities.

Mental Health Counselor

Mental health counselors provide support and guidance to individuals dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, and other emotional challenges. They help clients develop coping strategies, improve self-awareness, and work toward personal goals. Mental health counselors typically hold a master’s degree in Counseling or Clinical Psychology and must complete supervised clinical hours and licensing requirements.

School Counselor

School counselors play a crucial role in supporting students’ academic, social, and emotional development. They provide guidance on career planning, help manage stress or bullying, and offer support for personal challenges. School counselors often work closely with teachers and parents to create a positive learning environment. A master’s degree in school counseling and state certification are typically required for this role, and they are common in elementary, middle, and high schools.

Clinical Social Worker

Clinical social workers combine therapy with social advocacy to help individuals and families manage emotional, social, and financial challenges. They provide counseling for mental health issues and connect clients to community resources such as housing or job assistance. Clinical social workers typically hold a Master of Social Work (MSW) degree and require licensure (LCSW) to practice, which can be pursued through online LCSW programs for added flexibility.

Substance Abuse Counselor

Substance abuse counselors specialize in helping individuals overcome addiction to drugs, alcohol, or other substances. They provide counseling, create recovery plans, and offer support through the rehabilitation process. Requirements vary by state but may include certification or a master’s degree. Substance abuse counselors work in rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, and community health organizations.

Child Therapist

Child therapists specialize in working with children and adolescents facing emotional, developmental, or behavioral challenges. They use age-appropriate techniques, such as play therapy, to help young clients express themselves and cope with issues like anxiety, trauma, or family changes. For those seeking flexible options to enter the field quickly, pursuing an accelerated human services degree online can be a valuable step toward meeting educational requirements efficiently.

Rehabilitation Counselor

Rehabilitation counselors assist individuals with physical, emotional, or developmental disabilities in achieving independence and fulfilling personal and professional goals. They help clients overcome barriers, find employment, and improve their quality of life. Rehabilitation counselors typically hold a master’s degree in Rehabilitation Counseling and must be licensed to practice.

How much can I earn as a therapist?

Here's an overview of potential earnings for different types of therapists:

Clinical Psychologist: Clinical psychologists typically earn higher salaries, especially those in private practice or specialized fields, such as forensic psychology or neuropsychology. The average salary is $92,740.
Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT): MFTs generally earn a solid salary, with private practice and high-demand areas offering higher rates. Salaries vary based on location and client base. The average salary is $58,510.
Mental Health Counselor: School counselors earn a steady salary, typically based on the level of education (elementary, middle, or high school) and location. Public school systems often offer strong benefits and pensions. The average salary is $53,710,
Clinical Social Worker: While salaries are often lower in this field compared to other types of therapy, substance abuse counselors can earn more by specializing in rehabilitation centers or outpatient services. The average salary is $58,380.
Rehabilitation Counselor: Rehabilitation counselors' earnings can vary depending on their focus, such as physical disabilities versus mental health, and their workplace. Those in private practice or government roles can earn more. The average salary is $44,040.

It is important to note that salaries can vary widely depending on factors such as location, experience, level of education, work setting, and whether you’re in private practice or employed by a healthcare organization or institution. The chart below shows the average salaries for varying types of occupations for therapists:

How do you specialize in areas like family therapy or child therapy?

To specialize in areas like family therapy or child therapy, professionals often pursue additional training and certifications tailored to their chosen focus. For instance, obtaining a Christian counseling certification can be beneficial for those who want to integrate faith-based principles into their counseling practice for families and children. Here’s how you can pursue these specializations:

Choose a Relevant Master’s Program: Enroll in a counseling or psychology master’s program with coursework that focuses on family systems, child development, or related topics. Look for programs that offer concentrations in family or child therapy.
Complete Internship or Practicum Hours: Gain hands-on experience through internships or practicums in family counseling centers, child therapy clinics, or similar settings. These supervised hours allow you to develop specialized skills in real-world environments.
Pursue Specialized Certifications: Obtain certifications such as the Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) credential for family therapy or specialized child therapy training, like certification in play therapy (RPT) or trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT).
Attend Workshops and Continued Education: Participate in workshops, seminars, or online courses to deepen your knowledge of family dynamics, child psychology, or therapeutic techniques like play therapy or art therapy.
Work in Relevant Settings: Gain professional experience by working in settings focused on families or children, such as schools, family counseling practices, or pediatric clinics. This will help you build expertise and credibility in your specialization.

What are the daily tasks of a therapist?

Therapists perform a variety of tasks to help clients navigate mental health challenges, improve emotional well-being, and develop coping strategies. These daily responsibilities often include:

Conducting Client Sessions: Meet with clients to discuss their mental health, emotional concerns, or life challenges. Sessions may involve active listening, asking guiding questions, and providing therapeutic interventions tailored to the client’s needs.
Developing Treatment Plans: Assess client issues and create personalized treatment plans to address specific mental health goals. This involves setting objectives and deciding on appropriate therapy modalities, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or psychoanalysis.
Maintaining Detailed Records: Document session notes, progress reports, and treatment outcomes for each client. Accurate records are essential for tracking progress, coordinating care, and meeting legal or ethical obligations.
Collaborating With Other Professionals: Work alongside psychiatrists, social workers, or other healthcare providers to ensure clients receive comprehensive care. For example, a therapist may coordinate with a psychiatrist for medication management or refer clients to community resources.
Handling Administrative Tasks: Manage scheduling, billing, and insurance documentation, especially for therapists in private practice. These tasks are essential for maintaining the business side of therapy.
Providing Crisis Intervention: Address urgent mental health issues, such as clients experiencing acute stress, suicidal ideation, or panic attacks. This may involve immediate interventions or connecting clients with emergency resources.

How important is accreditation for therapy degree programs?

Accreditation is crucial for therapy degree programs because it ensures that the education provided meets high academic and professional standards. Accredited programs are recognized by licensing boards and professional organizations, which is essential for graduates who plan to become licensed therapists. Additionally, many states require degrees from accredited programs to qualify for licensure, making it a key step in pursuing a career in therapy.

Accreditation also signifies quality education, making graduates more competitive in the job market and eligible for federal financial aid. Those who graduate from an accredited school can work in the top therapists industries with average salaries such as state government ($86,030), outpatient care centers ($61,390), individual and family services ($50,700), and offices of other health practitioners ($49,190). The chart below shows how much you can earn in the top industries in therapy:

What is the difference between an LMFT, LPC, and LCSW license?

Choosing a career in mental health counseling often involves selecting the right specialization and license. Among the most common options are LMFT, LPC, and LCSW licenses, each tailored to specific areas of practice and client needs. Understanding the differences between these licenses can help you identify which path aligns best with your career goals and interests.

Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT): LMFTs focus on family systems and relationships, often providing therapy for couples, families, and individuals experiencing relational issues. Their training emphasizes systemic approaches to mental health, with a focus on improving interpersonal dynamics.
Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC): LPCs have broad expertise in mental health counseling, working with individuals, groups, or communities to address a wide range of emotional and psychological challenges. They are trained in assessment, psychotherapy, and mental health treatment across diverse populations. Professionals interested in working specifically with clients struggling with substance abuse can enhance their qualifications by pursuing an addiction counselor certification.
Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW): LCSWs combine therapy with social work principles, addressing both individual mental health and external factors like housing, financial stability, and access to community resources. They often advocate for clients and help navigate social services while providing therapeutic support.

What is the job outlook for therapists?

The job outlook for therapists is highly favorable, driven by increasing awareness of mental health issues and the growing demand for professional support. According to our research, employment for marriage and family therapists is expected to increase by 16%, while the employment for mental health counselors is expected to increase by 19% from 2023 to 2033.

This growth is fueled by factors like expanded access to mental health care through teletherapy, greater insurance coverage for mental health services, and societal recognition of the importance of emotional well-being. Opportunities are abundant in various settings, including private practices, schools, healthcare facilities, and community organizations, making it a promising field for aspiring professionals.

The demand for MFTs is expected to increase by 16%..png

How can I access affordable and accredited therapy degree programs?

Identifying cost-effective educational options is critical for long-term career growth. Prospective therapists should assess program accreditation, tuition fees, and available financial aid to ensure that their investment aligns with professional standards and licensure requirements. Evaluating flexible online courses that offer comprehensive curricula and practical experience can further enhance career readiness. For instance, exploring options such as marriage and family therapy online can help professionals achieve their educational goals without compromising on quality.

What factors most influence my earning potential as a therapist?

Several variables shape a therapist’s income, including geographic location, work setting, and chosen specialization. Market trends such as the rise of telehealth services and integrated care models also play a significant role in determining compensation. Advanced credentials and continuous professional development are instrumental in accessing higher-paying opportunities. For data on current compensation trends, consult the counselor salary report.

How can I effectively manage therapist burnout?

Therapist burnout poses significant challenges to professional longevity and the quality of care delivered. Establishing structured self-care routines, engaging in regular professional supervision, and setting clear work-life boundaries are critical strategies to mitigate stress. Additionally, incorporating reflective practices and accessing targeted continuing education can enhance resilience and introduce new methods for stress management. For instance, enrolling in an affordable masters in counseling online program that integrates wellness strategies may offer both academic enrichment and practical tools to sustain a thriving practice.

What are the common challenges therapists face in their careers?

While being a therapist is deeply rewarding, the role also comes with unique challenges that can test even the most dedicated professionals. From emotional strain to balancing personal and professional responsibilities, therapists must navigate various obstacles throughout their careers. Understanding these challenges is key to preparing for a successful and fulfilling journey in the field.

Emotional Strain: Therapists often deal with heavy emotional content, such as trauma, grief, or mental illness, which can lead to burnout or compassion fatigue.
Work-Life Balance: Balancing personal life with irregular schedules or the demands of private practice can be challenging.
Continuing Education: Staying updated with industry trends and completing required training to maintain licensure can feel overwhelming.
Ethical Dilemmas: Therapists may face complex situations requiring careful navigation of ethical boundaries and professional responsibilities.
Client Boundaries: Maintaining professional boundaries while building trust and rapport with clients can be a delicate task.

What graduates have to say about becoming a therapist

Becoming a therapist has been one of the most fulfilling decisions of my life. Helping clients overcome challenges and seeing them thrive is incredibly rewarding, and it gives my work a true sense of purpose. It’s a career where you grow as a person while helping others grow too. – Max

The journey to becoming a therapist wasn’t easy, but the ability to create meaningful connections with clients makes it all worthwhile. I’ve gained invaluable skills in empathy and communication that extend beyond my practice into everyday life. Therapy has given me a career that feels impactful every single day. – Sebastian

As a therapist, I love the flexibility and variety my career offers, from working in private practice to collaborating with schools and community organizations. Every day presents an opportunity to learn and make a difference in someone’s life, which is both challenging and inspiring. – Kelly

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Evaluating the choice between a social work degree and a psychology degree requires analysis of your career objectives, program focus, and long-term licensing opportunities. A social work degree typically emphasizes community-based practice, case management, and advocacy, equipping professionals to address social determinants of health and work extensively with diverse populations. In contrast, a psychology degree often concentrates on research methodologies, diagnostic assessments, and clinical interventions, paving the way for specialized roles in mental health settings. Consider factors such as curriculum design, experiential learning opportunities, and future professional demands to determine the path that complements your desired therapeutic practice. For a detailed comparison of career trajectories, see social work degree vs psychology degree.

How can a board-certified behavior analyst certification enhance my practice?

Integrating behavior analysis into clinical work can broaden treatment options and improve client outcomes through evidence-based interventions. Therapists who pursue additional credentials can leverage strategies from applied behavior analysis to address complex behavior patterns, complementing traditional therapeutic methods. For professionals interested in expanding their competencies, obtaining guidance on certification requirements, curriculum details, and potential benefits is crucial. Resources are available to help determine if incorporating the practices of a board-certified behavior analyst aligns with your clinical objectives and enhances service offerings.

Are online PsyD programs a viable option for advancing my therapy career?

Online PsyD programs provide a flexible pathway for seasoned therapists seeking to transition into leadership roles or specialize in advanced clinical practices while managing professional commitments. These programs integrate rigorous academic coursework with practical training through virtual simulations and peer collaboration, ensuring that candidates acquire the necessary research skills and ethical frameworks. Additionally, the digital format promotes access to expert faculty and contemporary resources that mirror in-person experiences, ultimately boosting career credibility and expanding professional networks. For comprehensive program insights, refer to online PsyD programs.

How can advanced online education boost my therapy career?

Leveraging advanced online education enables therapists to acquire cutting-edge skills and specialized training in flexible, digitally-driven environments. Programs offering fast online degrees can accelerate professional growth by integrating contemporary practices and research insights into the curriculum. This mode of learning not only facilitates immediate application of innovative techniques in clinical settings but also equips practitioners with ongoing access to professional development resources essential for adapting to the rapidly evolving landscape of mental health services.

How can mentorship complement formal education in therapy?

Integrating structured mentorship into formal education offers a distinct advantage by bridging academic theories with practical application. Mentorship provides access to real-world insights, enhances clinical decision-making, and cultivates professional growth through direct guidance from seasoned practitioners. Additionally, several affordable online programs incorporate hands-on mentorship elements that facilitate the transition from classroom learning to practice. For example, pursuing the cheapest online counseling degree often ensures that candidates receive both academic rigor and practical support to launch a successful therapy career.

Can an online master's in applied behavior analysis strengthen my therapeutic expertise?

Pursuing an online master’s in applied behavior analysis provides specialized training that deepens practical understanding and expands treatment strategies. This focused program helps therapists incorporate evidence-based techniques to address complex behavior challenges while aligning with evolving industry standards. Evaluating programs like the best online master's in applied behavior analysis ensures that practitioners gain a competitive edge through rigorous curriculum design and flexible learning environments.

Are affordable online degrees a smart investment for my therapy career?

Evaluating the long-term benefits of cost-effective education is vital when planning your career path. Affordable online programs that meet rigorous academic standards can reduce financial strain, enabling you to reinvest resources into expanding your practice and professional development. This strategic approach not only minimizes student debt but also offers competitive training, paving the way for improved job prospects and increased career longevity. For a quality program that balances cost and educational excellence, consider exploring the cheapest masters in clinical psychology online.

Key Findings

You usually need to obtain a bachelor’s and master’s degree in order to become a therapist.
It takes around 7 to 10 years from studying to becoming a licensed mental health professional.
Therapists can choose from a variety of work environments, including private practice, hospitals, schools, and community organizations.
The demand for mental health counselors is expected to grow by 19% for the next decade, providing ample job opportunities and career growth.
Marriage and family therapists have an annual average salary of $58,510.

Other things you should know about becoming a therapist

Is a degree necessary to practice as a therapist?

Yes, a degree is necessary to practice as a therapist. Most therapy professions require advanced education, typically at the master’s or doctoral level, to ensure that individuals are properly trained to diagnose and treat mental health issues. A degree in fields like psychology, social work, or counseling is essential for gaining the foundational knowledge and skills needed to provide effective therapy. Additionally, obtaining relevant certifications and licensure after completing the required education is crucial for practicing legally and professionally in most states. Without this formal education and training, individuals cannot effectively work as therapists or gain the necessary credentials to provide mental health services.

How do student loans impact aspiring therapists?

Student loans can significantly impact aspiring therapists, as many programs require advanced degrees that come with a high cost of tuition. While the investment in education can lead to a fulfilling and rewarding career, the burden of student loan debt may be felt for many years after graduation. Aspiring therapists may need to balance their passion for helping others with the reality of repaying student loans, which can affect their financial situation. However, there are options like income-driven repayment plans, loan forgiveness programs, and scholarships that can help ease the financial burden. Despite the challenges, the potential to earn a stable salary and make a meaningful impact in the field of mental health often makes pursuing a therapy career worthwhile.

How can therapists stay updated on industry trends and best practices?

Therapists can stay updated on industry trends and best practices through a combination of ongoing education, professional development, and networking. Attending workshops, conferences, and webinars offers the opportunity to learn about the latest therapeutic techniques and research. Additionally, many therapists participate in continuing education courses, which may be required for licensure renewal, to ensure they are equipped with current knowledge and skills. Subscribing to professional journals and joining organizations such as the American Psychological Association (APA) or the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) can also provide valuable resources.

Can therapists work remotely in telehealth?

Yes, therapists can work remotely in telehealth, and this has become increasingly popular, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth allows therapists to conduct sessions with clients via video calls, phone calls, or even messaging platforms, offering greater flexibility and accessibility. Many therapists find that remote work helps them reach clients in underserved areas or those who may have difficulty attending in-person sessions. However, therapists must adhere to regulations and guidelines specific to telehealth, including privacy and confidentiality standards such as HIPAA compliance.

References:

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024). Occupational Outlook Handbook: Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors. BLS.
Coursera. (2023, December 15). How to become a physical therapist: 2025 step-by-step guide. Coursera.