How to Become a Substitute Teacher in New York for 2025

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New York’s demand for substitute teachers remains high, with over 1.2 million public school students statewide. Substitute teaching offers flexible work, steady pay, and valuable classroom experience, making it an ideal starting point for aspiring educators seeking to enter the teaching profession.

This article, prepared by career planning experts, will thoroughly outline the key steps, essential requirements to become a successful substitute teacher in New York. It helps aspiring educators navigate the certification process, training options, and career advancement opportunities with confidence.

Key Things to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in New York

A bachelor’s degree is required, along with English proficiency, background checks, legal U.S. work status, and NYC-specific nomination and licensing requirements.
Candidates must complete mandatory workshops, attend district orientations, submit online applications, and undergo fingerprinting and background checks.
Substitute teachers can earn about $22–$25 per hour, with benefits for long-term roles and pathways to certification, full-time teaching, or higher-paying assignments.

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in New York?
What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in New York?
How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in New York?
How much do substitute teachers in New York make?
How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in New York?
What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in New York?
How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in New York?
What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in New York?
What legal rights do substitute teachers have in New York?
What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in New York?
What challenges do substitute teachers face in New York?
Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teachers in New York

What are the basic requirements to become a substitute teacher in New York?

Meeting the requirements to become a substitute teacher in New York ensures that candidates are well-prepared to support classrooms and meet district expectations. While some criteria vary by location, these standards are essential for eligibility.

Below are the key requirements:

Educational Background: A bachelor’s degree is required in New York City and most districts. Some areas accept 60 college credits or an associate’s degree for teaching assistant roles.
English Proficiency: Strong reading, writing, and speaking skills in English are necessary, especially in New York City public schools, to communicate effectively.
Work Authorization: Applicants must have legal authorization to work in the United States for any substitute teaching role.
Nomination Process (NYC): In New York City, candidates must be nominated by a school principal and complete an online application through the Department of Education.
Substitute License (NYC): A substitute teaching license is required after nomination in New York City, while many other districts do not require this license.
Certification Limits: Uncertified substitutes can work up to 40 days per year within the same district, which encourages pursuit of full certification.

Educational Path Flexibility: For teaching assistants, some districts accept an education associate degree is worth it, offering a flexible pathway into the field.

What training is required for first-time substitute teachers in New York?

New York requires specific state-mandated workshops to ensure substitute teachers are prepared to create safe, inclusive, and supportive classrooms. These training programs focus on recognizing risks, promoting student well-being, and understanding professional responsibilities. Below are the key requirements.

Child Abuse Identification and Reporting: A mandatory two-hour workshop offered free online by the New York State Office of Children and Family Services, teaching how to detect and report signs of abuse.
School Violence Intervention and Prevention: A required two-hour online course, typically costing about $10 through NYC Public Schools, designed to equip substitutes with strategies to manage and prevent violence.
Dignity for All Students Act (DASA): A six-hour training focused on preventing harassment, bullying, and discrimination. This workshop, offered through NYC Public Schools, usually costs around $60.
Paraprofessional Pathway Requirements: For substitutes who also serve as paraprofessionals, completing 20 full service days and passing the NYS Assessment of Teaching Assistant Skills (ATAS) exam is required.
District-Specific Orientations: Many districts provide orientation sessions covering local policies, emergency protocols, and classroom management.

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How do you apply to become a substitute teacher in New York?

Becoming a substitute teacher in New York involves a structured process that ensures candidates are properly vetted and prepared for classroom responsibilities. The steps vary slightly between New York City and other regions, but the core requirements remain consistent.

Below are the key steps:

Nomination or Application Start: In New York City, you must be nominated by a school principal, while applicants outside NYC begin by downloading forms from their local district or BOCES website.
Submit Required Documents: Complete and submit all necessary forms and supporting documents, typically via email or an online application portal.
Verify Employment Eligibility: Complete the I-9 form and provide valid identification to confirm your legal right to work in the U.S.
Complete Fingerprinting and Background Check: Undergo fingerprinting and a criminal history check through authorized vendors, or provide proof of prior clearance if available.
Mandatory Training and Processing: Participate in required substitute teaching training. NYC candidates may attend a Processing Event to finalize paperwork and confirm certification.
Final Clearance and Renewal: After review, the district grants clearance to substitute. Eligibility must be renewed annually, which may involve updated documents or training.

How much do substitute teachers in New York make?

Substitute teachers in New York earn some of the highest wages in the country, with an average hourly rate of $22.70. In New York City, this rate rises to about $25.60 per hour, reflecting both the cost of living and the demand for qualified educators. Annual earnings for those who work consistently range between $44,000 and $47,000, though income can vary due to the nature of substitute schedules.

Salaries in the state vary widely, with entry-level roles earning as low as $20,787 annually, while experienced substitutes or those specializing in high-demand subjects, such as STEM or special education, can make $75,000 or more. Long-term assignments, often offering higher pay and added responsibilities, can further boost income. For educators seeking flexible yet rewarding work, substitute teaching in New York presents an attractive opportunity with competitive wages and strong growth potential.

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substitute teachers earn an average of $37,380.

How do you renew or maintain a substitute teaching certificate in New York?

Renewing or maintaining your substitute teaching certificate in New York is a straightforward process designed to keep you actively engaged and compliant each school year. Staying on top of the requirements ensures your continued opportunity to inspire students across the state.

Annual Renewal Requirement: You must renew your eligibility every school year, typically by completing at least 20 days of substitute service within that year to qualify.
Online Renewal Submission: File your renewal request through the official online portal by the deadline, usually in late August, to secure your position for the upcoming school year.
Training Completion: Complete required annual training modules on topics like school safety and mandated reporting, and submit proof before your renewal is processed.
Updated Documentation: Provide any updated paperwork requested, such as tax forms and direct deposit information, to keep your records current.
Certification Extensions: If you hold an initial or other limited certificate, you may apply for reissuance or extensions to maintain your substitute status while advancing your career.
Service Verification for Advancement: Request verification of your paid substitute teaching days to support your path toward full teacher certification.
Union Support: Connect with the United Federation of Teachers (UFT) for guidance and advocacy as you navigate renewal and employment rights in New York City.

What are the responsibilities of a substitute teacher in New York?

Substitute teachers in New York are essential to maintaining the quality of instruction and classroom management during a regular teacher’s absence. Below are the key responsibilities of a substitute teacher in New York:

Implementing Lesson Plans: Carry out the regular teacher’s lesson plans or design suitable instructional activities when plans are unavailable.
Classroom Management: Maintain order, encourage positive behavior, and ensure a respectful and cooperative classroom environment.
Teaching and Instruction: Deliver lessons across various subjects and grade levels, adapting to each class’s unique needs.
Administrative Tasks: Record attendance, distribute and collect assignments, and prepare notes for the returning teacher.
Promoting a Safe Environment: Follow all safety protocols and create an inclusive atmosphere for all students.
Adhering to Policies: Comply with school and district rules, including confidentiality and proper resource use.
Communication: Collaborate with students, staff, and, when necessary, parents to address issues and support learning.
Renewal and Compliance: Complete annual renewal and training as required by the New York City Department of Education.
Certification and Assignment Limits: Abide by the 40-day limit for uncertified substitutes unless exceptions apply, while certified substitutes have broader flexibility.
Fingerprinting and Background Clearance: Fulfill mandatory background checks to ensure student safety.

How flexible is a substitute teacher’s schedule in New York?

Substitute teaching in New York offers significant schedule flexibility, particularly for per diem substitutes who can choose when and where to work. This arrangement allows educators to balance personal responsibilities with professional opportunities, making it an ideal option for those seeking part-time work or exploring different school environments. Even during long-term assignments, the structured nature of school hours provides a predictable schedule while still leaving time for personal planning outside the classroom.

This flexibility is especially valued by individuals managing other commitments, such as graduate studies, family care, or personal pursuits. The fluctuating demand throughout the school year enables substitutes to adjust their workload as needed. Many appreciate the ability to decline assignments without penalty, which helps maintain a healthy work-life balance and ensures they can dedicate their full attention to teaching on the days they choose to work.

What are the benefits received by a substitute teacher in New York?

Substitute teachers in New York enjoy a variety of benefits that recognize their essential role in maintaining classroom continuity. While specific perks depend on assignment length and district policies, substitutes receive both financial and professional advantages.

Below are the benefits received by substitute teachers in New York:

Daily Pay Rate: Substitutes are paid per diem, with long-term substitutes earning higher wages comparable to first-year full-time teacher salaries.
Health Benefits: Long-term substitutes who achieve Q-status are eligible for health insurance coverage, offering a key advantage over day-to-day roles.
Vacation and Seniority Credits: Experienced substitutes can accumulate limited vacation pay and seniority credits, which help in advancing toward permanent positions.
Pathway to Full-Time Teaching: Time spent as a substitute counts toward New York State certification and provides valuable classroom experience for career advancement.
Professional Networking: Substituting allows educators to build relationships with schools and districts, increasing opportunities for long-term or permanent roles.

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What legal rights do substitute teachers have in New York?

Substitute teachers in New York are supported by state regulations and district policies that ensure fair treatment, professional growth, and equitable access to teaching opportunities. These rights enhance their ability to contribute meaningfully to the education system.

Below are the key legal rights and protections for substitutes in New York:

Renewal and Training Requirements: Substitutes must complete mandatory state workshops and assessments to maintain eligibility and continue working each school year.
Employment Protections: Although substitutes are typically at-will employees, certain districts or union agreements may provide procedural safeguards against unfair dismissal.
Union Representation: Membership in unions, such as the United Federation of Teachers (UFT), offers grievance processes, advocacy, and support for better working conditions.
Credit Toward Tenure: Substitutes who demonstrate satisfactory service can earn up to two years of credit toward probationary periods when transitioning to full-time roles.
Fair Assignment Consideration: Substitutes are entitled to equitable access to available teaching assignments across schools and districts.
Support for Online Teaching: With the growth of remote and hybrid learning, substitutes are recognized for their rights and needs in virtual teaching environments.

What are the career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in New York?

Substitute teaching in New York provides a strong platform for professional growth, allowing educators to gain classroom experience and build connections that can lead to long-term roles. Below are the key career advancement opportunities for substitute teachers in New York:

Becoming a Fully Certified Teacher: Long-term substitute assignments can count toward certification requirements, paving the way to full-time teaching roles with comprehensive benefits.
Transitioning from Paraprofessional to Full-Time Roles: Certified substitute paraprofessionals who meet service requirements can move into permanent positions that offer health insurance and retirement benefits.
Earning Seniority and Longevity Credits: Regular substitute service may count toward salary step increases and seniority, improving future career prospects within school districts.
Gaining Support Through Union Representation: Unions such as the United Federation of Teachers provide guidance, advocacy, and pathways for substitutes seeking full-time positions.
Enhancing Skills with Professional Development: Engaging in workshops and state-mandated training improves teaching skills and supports career progression.

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1.35 million substitute teacher were available in 2023

What do substitute teachers in New York say about their careers?

Completing the substitute teacher certification program at Brooklyn Technical High School gave me the confidence and skills to work in New York’s diverse classrooms. I enjoy the flexibility, daily connections with students, and the chance to make a real impact while pursuing my passion for education and community service. Jerry
After finishing my training at LaGuardia Community College, I started substitute teaching in local schools. The fast-paced environment helped me build strong classroom management and adaptability skills. I value the professional development opportunities available, which support my growth toward a full-time teaching career and meaningful work in my community. Monica
Graduating from the City College of New York led me to substitute teaching roles across Manhattan. Engaging with students from diverse cultural backgrounds has been inspiring and rewarding. This role has improved my instructional abilities and strengthened my commitment to creating inclusive, positive learning environments for New York’s youth. Ronnel

Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teachers in New York

Are online substitute teacher training programs in New York legitimate?

Yes, online substitute teacher training programs in New York are legitimate when approved by the New York State Education Department (NYSED) or other recognized entities. These programs align with state standards, covering essential topics like classroom management and child development. Additionally, national programs such as the American Board’s Substitute Teacher Preparation are widely respected, offering flexible and comprehensive online training for New York substitutes.

Is substitute teaching in New York considered full-time employment?

No, substitute teaching in New York is generally not classified as full-time employment. Most substitutes work on an as-needed basis, covering teacher absences without guaranteed schedules or benefits. Daily pay rates, which average between $130 and $160, are not equivalent to a full-time salary. The absence of consistent hours and benefits reinforces its part-time or temporary employment status.

What skills do you gain as a substitute teacher in New York?

Substitute teaching in New York develops key professional skills, including classroom management, adaptability, and problem-solving. You learn to adjust quickly to diverse subjects and student needs while refining communication and leadership abilities. Working with students from varied cultural backgrounds strengthens inclusivity and interpersonal skills. These experiences provide a solid foundation for full-time teaching or other careers in education.

Should you substitute teach before becoming a full-time teacher in New York?

Yes, substitute teaching is an excellent stepping stone to a full-time teaching career in New York. It provides valuable classroom experience, builds professional confidence, and offers insight into school operations. This role also enables networking with educators and administrators, which can support future job applications. While it doesn’t replace certification, it significantly enhances readiness for full-time teaching positions.

References:

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JustAnswer. (n.d.). Substitute teacher rights and legal advice. Retrieved from JustAnswer
Law Cornell University. (n.d.). N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. Tit. 8 §§ 80-5.4 - Substitute teachers. Retrieved from LII
New York City Department of Education. (n.d.). Substitute teaching. Retrieved from NYC DOE
New York City Focus. (2024, January 29). New York City subs systematically denied sick pay. Retrieved from NY Focus
NYSED. (n.d.). Substitute teaching: OTI. Retrieved from NYSED
TeachNYC. (n.d.). Salary & benefits | Apply to teach in New York City public schools. Retrieved from TeachNYC
Swing Education. (n.d.). How to become a substitute teacher in New York. Retrieved from Swing Education
UFT. (n.d.). Per diem service. Retrieved from UFT
New York Department of Labor. (n.d.). Unemployment insurance benefit rules for teachers and other school workers. Retrieved from NY DOL