How To Become a Social Worker: Salary & Career Paths for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

In 2023, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the demand for social workers is expected to grow by 7% until 2033, much faster than the average for other occupations. However, despite this high demand, aspiring social workers often face uncertainty about what the job truly entails. Many wonder if they are prepared for the emotional and practical challenges of the profession.

This article aims to provide clarity for those considering a career in social work, offering insights into daily responsibilities, educational paths, salary expectations, and much more. By addressing these key concerns, we hope to help you make an informed decision about your future in social work.

Key Things You Should Know About Becoming a Social Worker

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts a 7% job growth for social workers from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average for other occupations. This makes social work a promising career path for those looking to enter a growing field.
Aspiring social workers typically need at least a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) for entry-level positions, while a Master of Social Work (MSW) is required for clinical roles and higher positions. Specialized roles, such as therapist or counselor, may require additional certifications.
Social workers earn a wide range of salaries. The median annual wage for social workers was $61,330 in 2023, with those in supervisory roles or with advanced degrees earning significantly more. For example, licensed clinical social workers may earn over $70,000 annually.
Social workers can specialize in many areas, including healthcare, child welfare, schools, and mental health. Each path has distinct demands and rewards, so choosing a specialization that aligns with your interests and values is important.
Many social workers report emotional exhaustion due to the nature of the work, especially in high-stress environments like hospitals or child welfare. Strategies such as setting boundaries and utilizing supervision can help mitigate burnout and support overall well-being.

What does a social worker do on a daily basis?
What degree do I need to become a social worker?
What is the average salary of a social worker?
What are the different types of social work?
Are social workers in demand?
What is the difference between a BSW and MSW?
How do social workers manage their work-life balance?
What tools do social workers use in their practice?
How can social workers access affordable advanced education?
How Can Social Workers Accelerate Their Career Advancement?
How can interdisciplinary psychology training complement social work practice?
What types of therapy do social workers use?
What are the ethical challenges in social work?
How do social workers impact communities?
Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a Social Worker

What does a social worker do on a daily basis?

Social workers perform various tasks daily, centered around helping individuals and communities navigate life's challenges. Their responsibilities vary widely depending on their specialization, but core duties often include client assessment, care planning, advocacy, and providing emotional support. Here's a closer look at the typical tasks a social worker might engage in daily:

Client assessments. Social workers begin their day by meeting with clients to assess their needs, challenges, and goals. These assessments help determine what services or interventions are needed, whether it's related to mental health, housing, healthcare, or other social issues.
Developing care plans. Based on assessments, social workers create personalized care plans. This could involve identifying resources, connecting clients with healthcare or financial support, or providing referrals to other professionals like therapists or legal experts.
Providing emotional support and counseling. Many social workers provide counseling services, offering emotional support and helping clients navigate personal crises, mental health issues, or family dynamics. This requires empathy, patience, and effective communication.
Advocacy and resource navigation. Social workers often advocate for their clients, helping them access resources like food assistance, housing, or healthcare. This might involve working with community organizations, government agencies, or medical professionals to ensure that clients get the support they need.
Documentation and case management. Throughout the day, social workers document client interactions, progress, and any actions taken. Case management tasks also include following up on clients' progress and adjusting care plans as necessary to meet evolving needs.

Social workers often have emotionally demanding roles that require both patience and resilience. They may also face logistical challenges, such as balancing heavy caseloads or dealing with limited resources. However, the work can be incredibly rewarding, offering the opportunity to make a real difference in people's lives.

As a side note, it may be essential that you know the difference between a social worker vs case manager, as these two careers can be confusing.

What degree do I need to become a social worker?

Aspiring social workers typically start their careers with a Bachelor of Social Work (BSW), the minimum educational requirement for entry-level positions in the field. For individuals looking for a more affordable educational path, there are the cheapest online BSW programs that offer a cost-effective way to gain the foundational knowledge needed for a career in social work without incurring significant debt.

However, for those looking to pursue clinical roles or advanced positions, a Master in Social Work (MSW) is often necessary. The degree you choose will depend on your career goals within social work—while a BSW can open doors to various community and social service roles, an MSW is essential for those aiming to provide therapy or work in higher-level positions.

So, is a masters in social work worth it? Yes. An MSW opens up more specialized roles, such as clinical social work or social work in healthcare settings, where the responsibilities and pay scale are often higher. Many online programs offer flexibility for working adults who may want to continue their education without sacrificing their job or personal commitments. If you're interested in clinical work, looking into online clinical MSW programs might be the right path for you. These programs combine theoretical knowledge with practical, supervised experience, preparing you for licensure as a clinical social worker.

Essential skills for social workers

Social work is a demanding field that requires a combination of technical and interpersonal skills. To succeed, social workers must be equipped to handle a wide range of challenges, from client interactions to navigating complex social systems. Here are some skills that social workers must have:

Empathy and active listening. Social workers must have the ability to empathize with clients' situations and listen carefully to their needs. This skill is critical for building trust and rapport.
Critical thinking and problem-solving. Social workers often deal with complex cases that require thoughtful analysis and creative solutions. The ability to assess situations objectively and find effective solutions is vital.
Communication skills. Both verbal and written communication are essential for social workers. They should articulate issues clearly to clients, family members, and other professionals.
Organization and time management. Managing multiple cases and staying on top of deadlines requires strong organizational skills. Social workers must be able to prioritize tasks and manage their time effectively.
Cultural competence. Understanding and respecting cultural differences is crucial in social work. Social workers must be able to interact with people from diverse backgrounds and provide services that are sensitive to cultural differences.

Having these essential social worker skills enables professionals to navigate the emotional, logistical, and administrative aspects of the job. These skills are developed through formal education, like BSW and MSW programs, as well as through hands-on experience in the field.

What is the average salary of a social worker?

The salary of a social worker can vary significantly depending on various factors, including education, experience, location, and the specific sector in which they work. According to the BLS, the median salary for a social worker in the United States is around $61,330 annually. However, this can range widely based on experience, specialization, and region.

Entry-Level Salaries

For those just starting their careers, social workers typically earn lower salaries. The average starting salary for an entry-level social worker is about $35,000 annually. These positions are often in community outreach, child welfare, or general social services roles. As new social workers build experience, they can expect their salaries to rise, often reaching the national median after a few years of work.

Experienced Social Workers

As social workers gain experience, their earning potential increases. Social workers with several years of experience (5–10 years) earn an average of $51,000 to $60,000 annually, according to data from ZipRecruiter. This salary range is typical for those working in roles such as case managers, social work supervisors, or specialized fields like healthcare or mental health services. Social workers with a few years of experience often move into roles with more responsibility and higher compensation.

Supervisory and Managerial Roles

Meanwhile, social workers who progress to supervisory or managerial positions can see a substantial increase in earning potential. According to Zippia, experienced social workers in leadership positions can earn salaries upwards of $70,000 to $80,000 per year. These roles often involve overseeing teams, managing larger caseloads, or working in more specialized settings like hospitals, government agencies, or private practice. Additionally, those who move into administrative or clinical roles often see a significant salary boost due to the higher qualifications and responsibilities required.

Factors Affecting Social Worker Salaries

Several key factors can influence how much a social worker earns, beyond just education and experience.

Location. Geographic location plays a significant role in salary variations. Social workers in higher-cost-of-living areas, such as California, New York, or Massachusetts, tend to earn more. For example, social workers in California earn an average of $70,000 annually, according to ZipRecruiter. This is in contrast to those working in rural or low-cost areas, where salaries might be closer to the national average or below.
Industry. The industry in which a social worker works also affects their salary. Social workers in healthcare settings, such as hospitals or mental health clinics, typically earn higher salaries than those working in nonprofit or community services. According to Zippia, social workers in healthcare settings can earn upwards of $65,000 to $75,000 annually.
Specialization. Specializing in certain areas, such as clinical social work or mental health counseling, can increase earning potential. Because of this, it can be tricky to know the difference between psychology vs social work. Clinical social workers with an MSW often earn higher salaries compared to their counterparts in non-clinical roles.
Education. Higher levels of education lead to higher salaries. For instance, social workers with a Master of Social Work (MSW) can command salaries of $60,000 or more, compared to those with just a BSW. According to ZipRecruiter, social workers with an MSW tend to earn about $58,000 to $65,000 annually, depending on their specific role and experience.

How Social Workers Can Increase Their Salaries

Advanced Education. Pursuing a Master of Social Work (MSW) degree or further certifications can significantly increase salary potential. For example, clinical social workers and those in advanced practice roles often earn higher salaries.
Specialization. Focusing on in-demand specializations such as healthcare social work, mental health, or school social work can lead to higher-paying opportunities.
Geographical Mobility. Relocating to states or cities with higher wages for social workers, such as California or New York, can also boost earnings.
Supervisory Roles. Gaining experience in management and supervisory roles often leads to salary increases. Social workers in supervisory positions, such as case managers or directors, typically earn higher wages due to their leadership responsibilities.

As social workers gain more experience, pursue additional education, and specialize in high-demand fields, they can significantly boost their earning potential across various settings.

What are the different types of social work?

Social work is a broad and diverse field, with several different specialties and areas of focus. Social workers play a crucial role in supporting individuals, families, and communities in various settings. Here are some of the main types of social work:

Child and Family Social Work. This type of social work focuses on protecting children from abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Social workers in this field may work in schools, child welfare agencies, or foster care systems to support families and provide resources for children in need. They work directly with parents, children, and community organizations to ensure the well-being of the family unit. They, however, should not be confused with marriage and family therapists (MFTs). So what exactly do MFTs do, how many years does it take to be an MFT, and what sets them apart from social workers? We have a separate article on the topic.
Healthcare Social Work. Healthcare social workers assist patients and their families in navigating the challenges that arise from serious health conditions or medical procedures. They provide emotional support, help manage chronic illnesses, and connect patients with community resources. These social workers often work in hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, and hospice care facilities. Healthcare social workers also advocate for patient rights and help individuals understand their healthcare options.
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Work. Social workers in this field specialize in helping individuals dealing with mental health disorders and substance abuse. They offer therapy and counseling services, develop treatment plans, and guide clients through the recovery process. This area of social work often involves collaboration with psychologists, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals to provide comprehensive care. Social workers may work in outpatient clinics, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, or private practice.
School Social Work. School social workers work with students, teachers, and parents to address issues related to student behavior, mental health, and academic performance. They may provide counseling, mediate conflicts, and develop intervention strategies for students struggling with social, emotional, or behavioral problems. School social workers also act as a liaison between the school, family, and community, helping students succeed both academically and socially.
Gerontological Social Work. Gerontological social workers focus on assisting elderly individuals and their families. They help seniors navigate life transitions, access healthcare services, and manage the challenges of aging. This can include working with individuals in nursing homes, assisted living facilities, or home care settings. Gerontological social workers may also advocate for policies and programs that benefit the aging population.
Criminal Justice Social Work. Criminal justice social workers provide support to individuals involved in the criminal justice system. They may work with offenders, victims, or families affected by crime. These social workers often provide rehabilitation services, help individuals reintegrate into society after incarceration, and advocate for fair treatment within the legal system. They may work in correctional facilities, probation offices, or victim support organizations.
Community Social Work. Community social workers focus on improving the well-being of communities, particularly those facing poverty, discrimination, or other social challenges. They work to address systemic issues and advocate for social change. This type of social work involves collaborating with community organizations, local governments, and other stakeholders to develop policies, programs, and services that improve the overall quality of life for the community.
Policy and Advocacy Social Work. Social workers in policy and advocacy work focus on influencing laws, policies, and regulations to improve social conditions and address social justice issues. They may work for government agencies, nonprofit organizations, or think tanks, conducting research and advocating for the needs of vulnerable populations. These social workers often play a key role in shaping public policy related to issues like healthcare, housing, and criminal justice.

Social workers specialize in different areas, allowing them to tailor their careers to specific interests and the needs of the populations they serve. Whether supporting children, advocating for mental health, or assisting elderly individuals, social workers make a significant impact across a wide variety of fields.

Are social workers in demand?

Social workers continue to be in high demand, driven by growing societal needs and increased awareness of mental health and community services. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in the social work field is expected to grow by 7% from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average for other occupations. The demand for social workers spans across various specialties, from healthcare to schools to social service agencies. This demand is fueled by the increasing need for services for aging populations, individuals facing mental health challenges, and those requiring assistance with social or family issues.

Many prospective social workers ask, "Is being a social worker worth it?" The answer largely depends on individual values and career goals. While social work can be emotionally taxing, it offers significant rewards, such as job stability, personal fulfillment from helping others, and opportunities for advancement. Those with a passion for advocacy and support for underserved populations often find social work to be a highly satisfying career.

Looking ahead, the social worker job outlook remains strong, with numerous opportunities across various sectors. In fact, the job market is expected to expand, particularly in healthcare and mental health fields, where social workers are integral members of interdisciplinary teams.

What is the difference between a BSW and MSW?

The Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) and Master of Social Work (MSW) degrees differ in both scope and career potential. A BSW is typically the entry-level credential that prepares graduates for generalist roles such as case management, outreach, and advocacy. In contrast, an MSW is a graduate-level degree that qualifies professionals for clinical practice, supervisory positions, and specialized roles.

Choosing between the two depends on your professional goals. If you want to work in macro-level practice or provide clinical therapy, an MSW is essential. The MSW also opens doors to licensure as a clinical social worker, which can significantly expand career opportunities and earning potential. However, many start with a BSW to gain foundational skills before pursuing an advanced degree.

A common misconception is the difference between a psychologist and a social worker. While both can provide therapy, psychologists hold doctoral degrees and often focus on assessment and diagnosis, whereas clinical social workers typically hold an MSW and emphasize connecting individuals to resources alongside therapeutic support. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify what kind of training is needed for different paths within mental health and human services.

How do social workers manage their work-life balance?

Social workers often face emotionally demanding situations that can lead to stress and burnout if not carefully managed. For those entering the profession, especially at advanced levels, maintaining work-life balance is essential for long-term well-being and effectiveness. Whether working in hospitals, schools, or clinical settings, professionals must develop intentional strategies to avoid exhaustion and sustain their impact.

Setting clear boundaries. Social workers often define work hours firmly and avoid checking emails outside of scheduled times.
Leveraging supervision and peer support. Regular consultations with supervisors or peer groups help process challenging cases and reduce emotional strain.
Practicing self-care routines. Many engage in regular exercise, mindfulness, and hobbies to reset after emotionally charged workdays.
Taking advantage of flexible work options. Some roles, especially for those with advanced degrees, allow for part-time or remote setups that support a healthier lifestyle.
Focusing on meaningful impact. Maintaining awareness of the difference they make can help social workers stay motivated and resilient through challenges.

For professionals asking what can I do with a Masters in Social Work, one compelling answer is: design a career with flexibility. An MSW opens doors to positions that offer more control over scheduling, specialization, and setting—elements that are instrumental in achieving a better work-life balance, regardless of their chosen workplace.

What tools do social workers use in their practice?

Social workers rely on a diverse set of tools to manage caseloads, support clients, and uphold ethical standards. From intake to intervention, these tools help streamline communication, documentation, and decision-making. Whether working in child welfare, healthcare, or community advocacy, the right tools can improve both efficiency and quality of care.

Case management software. Programs like Social Work Case Manager or Apricot help professionals organize case notes, track progress, and ensure timely follow-ups.
Communication platforms. Encrypted email, phone systems, and messaging apps support secure conversations with clients and multidisciplinary teams.
Assessment and screening tools. Instruments like the PHQ-9, DSM-5 criteria checklists, and ACEs questionnaires assist in identifying client needs and prioritizing interventions.
Resource databases. Access to directories for housing, employment, legal aid, or substance use support enables social workers to offer accurate referrals quickly.
Continuing education platforms. Tools like Coursera, NASW webinars, and CEU-based platforms keep professionals current with evolving standards and practices.

Using these tools effectively ensures social workers spend more time engaging with clients and less time caught in administrative tasks. In high-stakes environments, having the right resources in place can mean earlier interventions and better outcomes.

How can social workers access affordable advanced education?

Ongoing professional development is vital for career advancement and the delivery of high-quality social services. Social workers can enhance their expertise through targeted certifications, specialized workshops, and flexible online degree programs that address emerging trends in community care and clinical practice. In this context, exploring options like the cheapest MSW programs online provides a strategic, cost-effective pathway to gaining advanced skills without compromising academic integrity. By continuously updating their knowledge, social workers are better equipped to navigate complex cases, assume leadership roles, and implement innovative interventions within their communities.

How Can Social Workers Accelerate Their Career Advancement?

Social workers seeking to progress into higher-level clinical or leadership roles may benefit from targeted professional development and specialized training. Focusing on obtaining certifications, engaging in mentorship, and building industry networks can foster the expertise necessary to manage complex caseloads and systemic challenges. Additionally, leveraging advanced education—such as online clinical social work masters programs—opens pathways to specialized clinical roles and broader career opportunities. Emphasizing skill diversification through workshops, research initiatives, and active participation in professional associations also supports long-term career momentum.

How can interdisciplinary psychology training complement social work practice?

Integrating advanced psychology training with traditional social work practices equips professionals with enhanced assessment skills and innovative intervention strategies. This interdisciplinary approach not only refines clinical judgment but also supports the development of comprehensive treatment plans for complex client needs. Leveraging insights from psychological research and methodologies can significantly improve decision-making and outcomes in social work practice. Exploring options like accredited PsyD programs online may further expand a practitioner's skill set and support career diversification.

What types of therapy do social workers use?

Therapeutic interventions are a core part of many social workers' responsibilities, particularly those in clinical roles. While not all social workers provide therapy, those with the appropriate credentials and training often integrate evidence-based approaches into their practice. The therapy type used depends on client needs, context, and specialization.

Cognitive behavioral therapy. Helps clients identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors, often used for anxiety and depression.
Dialectical behavior therapy. Useful for clients struggling with emotional regulation, especially those with borderline personality disorder or self-harming tendencies.
Solution-focused brief therapy. Emphasizes clients' strengths and goals rather than problems, ideal for short-term engagement.
Motivational interviewing. Encourages behavior change in clients facing substance use issues or ambivalence toward treatment.
Narrative therapy. Supports clients in reshaping their personal stories and identities, especially those recovering from trauma.

Equipping clients with coping strategies through therapy can be life-changing. For social workers, knowing which modality to use—and when—is essential to ethical and effective care.

What are the ethical challenges in social work?

Ethical dilemmas are a constant in social work, especially in situations where responsibilities to clients, agencies, and society intersect. Navigating these challenges demands a deep understanding of professional standards, empathy, and sound judgment. Students in accelerated MSW programs often explore these scenarios intensively, preparing for the real-world decisions they’ll face.

Confidentiality and privacy. Balancing the client’s right to confidentiality with the legal duty to report harm or danger can be complex.
Dual relationships. Avoiding conflicts of interest and maintaining professional boundaries, especially in small or close-knit communities, is a frequent concern.
Cultural competence. Providing respectful and relevant care across diverse cultural contexts while avoiding bias requires continuous learning.
Resource allocation. When budgets are tight, deciding who gets services and how often can create ethical strain for practitioners.
Advocacy versus neutrality. Speaking up for client needs may clash with agency policies or political realities, forcing tough choices.

Ethical decision-making in social work is rarely black and white. It requires a commitment to integrity, ongoing education, and a strong support system within the profession.

How do social workers impact communities?

Social workers play a crucial role in shaping stronger, healthier communities through advocacy, service delivery, and systemic intervention. Whether they’re working with individuals or influencing policies, their reach goes beyond one-on-one interactions. Many professionals who complete online clinical MSW programs are trained to assess community needs, implement evidence-based interventions, and provide mental health services that ripple outward to benefit entire populations.

Strengthening support systems. Social workers connect individuals and families to essential services like housing, healthcare, and counseling, stabilizing lives and reducing long-term dependency.
Enhancing public health. Through crisis response and mental health care, social workers mitigate the effects of trauma, addiction, and chronic stress within communities.
Promoting educational access. School social workers help at-risk students succeed academically by addressing emotional, behavioral, and socioeconomic barriers to learning.
Influencing policy. Social workers often collaborate with local governments and nonprofits to advocate for legislative changes that improve living conditions.
Building trust in marginalized populations. Culturally competent outreach and consistent support help rebuild trust in systems that have historically failed underserved groups.

Their contributions aren't always visible, but the collective impact of social workers creates the conditions for entire communities to thrive.

What Social Workers Say About Their Careers

Pursuing a career in social work allowed me to bring structure and support into the lives of families dealing with crisis. I’ve worked in child welfare for over five years, and no two days are ever the same. The emotional rewards far outweigh the stress, especially when you see long-term progress. It's a career with true meaning. – Dorian

After earning my MSW, I specialized in mental health and now work in a community clinic. What surprised me most was how transferable my skills are—from crisis response to policy advocacy. The role is demanding, but deeply fulfilling. I finally feel aligned with my purpose.
– Selene

Working in hospice care as a social worker taught me the value of presence and empathy. It’s not just about services—it's about being there for someone at the most vulnerable time. The relationships I've built with families have changed me. This work stays with you. – Ansel

Key Findings

The demand for social workers is projected to grow 7% from 2023 to 2033, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, reflecting ongoing need in healthcare, mental health, and aging populations.
Median pay for social workers in the US was $55,350 as of 2022, with top earners in healthcare and government roles making significantly more depending on education and specialization.
According to ZipRecruiter, clinical social workers in some urban areas earn over $70,000 annually, showing how location and licensure level affect salary potential.
Over 90% of social workers in a Zippia survey reported feeling that their work had meaningful impact, underscoring the profession's high value for those driven by purpose.
Nearly 80% of MSW graduates complete their degree within two to three years, supported by flexible formats such as part-time study and online coursework that accommodate working professionals.
The field is evolving to meet complex modern needs, with social workers increasingly trained in trauma-informed care, digital tools, and interdisciplinary collaboration to improve community outcomes.

Other Things You Should Know About Becoming a Social Worker

Is it hard to get a social work degree?

A social work degree is intellectually and emotionally demanding, but manageable with the right support and motivation. Coursework involves psychology, sociology, ethics, and research methods, while fieldwork exposes students to real-world social issues that require resilience and empathy. For students who are organized, adaptable, and committed to helping others, the program is challenging but attainable.

Is the social work exam hard?

Yes, the social work licensing exam is widely considered rigorous, especially for first-time test takers. It tests not just academic knowledge but practical application, covering areas like assessment, intervention, ethics, and clinical judgment. Many students benefit from using prep courses, practice exams, and structured study schedules to improve their pass rates. According to the ASWB, pass rates for first-time test takers of the clinical exam were around 74% in recent years.

Is a master's in social work easy?

A Master of Social Work (MSW) program is not easy—it’s a graduate-level degree designed to prepare professionals for advanced roles, often in clinical or leadership settings. MSW students take on intensive coursework, research, and 900+ hours of supervised fieldwork. Balancing this with personal commitments can be tough, especially for working adults, but many universities offer part-time and flexible online clinical MSW programs to accommodate different life situations.

Is going to college for social work worth it?

For those passionate about creating social change and directly supporting individuals and communities, studying social work can be deeply rewarding. The field offers stable employment, varied career paths, and the ability to make a measurable impact. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, social work employment is expected to grow 7% through 2033, faster than average, making it a field with both meaning and opportunity.

References:

Association of Social Work Boards. (2025). ASWB examination guidebook. aswb.org
Boston University School of Social Work. (n.d.). Student career resources. bu.edu
Council on Social Work Education. (n.d.). Directory of accredited programs. cswe.org
National Association of Social Workers. (n.d.). Credentials & certifications. socialworkers.org
US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, April 18). Social workers. Occupational Outlook Handbook. bls.gov