Case Manager vs Social Worker: Explaining the Difference for 2025
Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist
Many individuals interested in careers within the human services field struggle to differentiate between case management and social work. Both fields are experiencing significant growth, with job opportunities projected to increase by 9% from 2018 to 2028, adding approximately 64,000 new positions. However, many aspiring professionals may face challenges in identifying which career path aligns best with their interests and skill sets.
This article, prepared by career planning experts, will explore the key differences between case managers and social workers, including educational requirements, licensing, and specialized areas. It aims to help readers determine which career best aligns with their goals and how to navigate the path toward their chosen profession.
Key Things You Should Know About Case Managers vs. Social Workers
- Both case managers and social workers have a projected job growth rate of 9% from 2018 to 2028, with around 64,000 new jobs expected in each field.
- Case managers earn an average annual salary of $95,494, while social workers earn an average of $68,623. Salaries vary based on specialization and location.
- Case managers typically progress in healthcare, social services, or government agencies, while social workers pursue diverse paths in clinical, educational, or policy-related fields.
Table of Contents
- What’s the difference between the roles and responsibilities of a case manager and a social worker?
- How do the education requirements for case managers and social workers compare?
- What are the licensing requirements for case managers compared to social workers?
- What are the differences in specializations between case manager and social worker programs?
- How do the costs of pursuing a case manager vs. a social worker program compare?
- What are the typical career paths for case managers compared to social workers?
- What are the key differences in the skills required for case managers vs. social workers?
- What legal and ethical challenges do professionals in case management and social work face?
- What are the ongoing professional development opportunities for case managers and social workers?
- Are complementary certifications beneficial for career growth in case management and social work?
- How much do case manager vs. social worker professionals earn?
- What are the common work settings for case managers compared to social workers?
- What is the job outlook for case managers vs. social worker graduates?
- Other Things You Should Know About Case Manager vs. Social Worker
What’s the difference between the roles and responsibilities of a case manager and a social worker?
A case manager coordinates services and resources for individuals, ensuring they receive the care and support they need. They primarily focus on organizing, monitoring, and evaluating services to meet client needs. Here are the common roles and responsibilities of a case manager:
- Assessing clients’ needs and developing personalized care plans.
- Coordinating services, including healthcare, housing, and employment support.
- Monitoring client progress and adjusting care plans as needed.
- Advocating for clients and ensuring they have access to necessary resources.
- Maintaining case records and documentation.
- Communicating with healthcare providers, social services, and other professionals.
- Ensuring clients are referred to appropriate specialists and programs.
On the other hand, social workers help individuals and families cope with challenges related to mental health, relationships, and social conditions, depending on the levels of social work practice. Below are the typical roles and responsibilities of a social worker:
- Conducting assessments to understand clients’ emotional and psychological needs.
- Providing counseling or therapy to individuals, families, or groups.
- Advocating for social change and improved community services.
- Supporting clients through crises, such as family problems or financial hardship.
- Connecting clients with social services, community resources, and government assistance.
- Ensuring the safety and well-being of vulnerable populations, including children and the elderly.
- Managing case files, including legal and ethical documentation.
How do the education requirements for case managers and social workers compare?
Case managers typically need at least a bachelor's degree in fields like nursing, social work, psychology, or healthcare administration. This educational foundation equips them with essential skills in care coordination and patient advocacy. Some positions may require a master's degree, especially for roles in clinical settings or specialized areas. Additionally, certifications such as the Certified Case Manager (CCM) credential often necessitate a combination of education and supervised work experience.
Social workers, on the other hand, generally start with a bachelor of social work (BSW) from a program accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). This degree prepares them for entry-level positions in various social service settings. Some pursue a fast track social work degree online to accelerate their path. For clinical roles, a master of social work is required, which includes advanced coursework and supervised fieldwork. Licensure for clinical social workers also involves passing a national exam and completing additional supervised experience.
What are the licensing and certification requirements for case managers compared to social workers?
Case managers typically do not require a state license, but many choose to earn certification to enhance their professional qualifications. On the other hand, social workers are generally required to obtain a state license to practice, with specific licensure requirements varying by state and depending on their area of specialization.
Case Manager Certification Requirements
To become a certified case manager, candidates must meet specific eligibility criteria set by the Commission for Case Manager Certification (CCMC). Here's an overview of the requirements:
- Educational Background: Candidates typically need a bachelor's degree in a health or human services field, such as nursing, social work, or psychology. Some certifications may require a master's degree or specific coursework.
- Professional Experience: Applicants must have relevant work experience in case management or a related field. For instance, the CCMC requires candidates to have completed a supervised field experience in case management, health, or behavioral health.
- Certification Exams: Candidates must pass a certification exam that assesses knowledge and skills pertinent to case management. The CCMC offers the Certified Case Manager (CCM) credential, which is widely recognized across various settings.
- Continuing Education: To maintain certification, case managers are often required to complete continuing education courses. For example, the CCM credential requires 80 hours of continuing education every five years.
- Ethical Standards: Applicants must demonstrate good moral character and commit to the CCMC’s Code of Professional Conduct.
- Renewal: Certification must be renewed every 5 years with 80 hours of approved continuing education.
Social Worker Licensing Requirements
To practice legally and effectively in the field, social workers must meet specific licensing and certification requirements that vary by state and level of practice. Licensing requirements include:
- Educational Requirements: A bachelor of social work is typically required for entry-level positions. For clinical roles, a master of social work is necessary.
- Supervised Experience: Clinical social workers must complete a period of supervised practice, which varies by state but generally ranges from 1,500 to 5,760 hours.
- Licensing Exams: Candidates must pass a licensing exam administered by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) or a state-specific board. The exam assesses knowledge in areas such as ethics, human behavior, and social work practice.
- Background Checks: Most states require a criminal background check as part of the licensing process.
- Licensing Renewal: Social work licenses must be renewed periodically, with requirements varying by state. Renewal often involves completing continuing education courses and submitting proof of supervised practice hours.
You may also want to look into the difference between social worker and psychologist, as these two professionals may start off with the same foundational education.
What are the differences in specializations between case manager and social worker programs?
Case managers and social workers both provide essential services, but their specializations and focus differ based on training, education, and professional roles. Case managers primarily specialize in coordinating services, ensuring clients receive appropriate resources and care plans. In contrast, social workers specialize in providing direct therapeutic support, addressing emotional, behavioral, and social challenges.
Case Manager Specializations
Case managers coordinate care and services for individuals, ensuring they receive the appropriate support across various settings. Their specializations often align with specific industries or patient needs. Below are some common case manager specializations:
- Healthcare Case Management: Focuses on coordinating medical care, discharge planning, and ensuring that patients have the necessary services after hospitalization. If this is a field you are interested in, you can look into how to become a medical and health services manager.
- Home Health Case Management: Involves managing in-home care for patients, including organizing therapy, nursing services, and monitoring overall health progress.
- Disability Case Management: Assists individuals with physical or developmental disabilities in accessing appropriate services and support, helping them live more independently.
- Nurse Case Management: Registered nurses who manage patient care plans, typically in hospital or home health settings, ensuring that medical needs are met efficiently. Nurse case manager qualifications typically include an RN license, patient care experience, and case management certification.
- Insurance Case Management: Works within insurance companies to manage claims, evaluate care options, and ensure that treatment is both effective and cost-efficient for the insured.
- Workers' Compensation Case Management: Coordinates care for employees injured on the job, ensuring they receive medical attention, rehabilitation, and facilitating their recovery and return to work.
Social Worker Specializations
Social workers address a broad range of social, emotional, and psychological issues, often providing direct support and advocacy. Their specializations include:
- Clinical Social Work: Provides therapy and counseling services to individuals, families, and groups, helping to address mental health issues, emotional challenges, and life transitions.
- Child and Family Social Work: Assists children and families in navigating challenges such as abuse, neglect, or family dynamics, working to strengthen family units and ensure children's safety.
- School Social Work: Supports students in educational settings, addressing behavioral, emotional, and academic issues, and promoting a positive learning environment.
- Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Work: It is the largest specialization among social workers, with 40.4% of social workers specializing in this area. This specialization provides support for individuals dealing with mental health disorders or substance abuse issues, offering therapy, crisis intervention, and resources for recovery.
- Gerontological Social Work: Focuses on the needs of older adults, addressing aging-related issues such as healthcare, long-term care, and social support for seniors.
- Policy and Administration Social Work: Involves working in policy development, program management, and organizational leadership, aiming to improve social services and advocate for systemic change.
How do the costs of pursuing a case manager vs. a social worker program compare?
Pursuing a career as a case manager or social worker involves varying educational and certification costs. Case manager programs, often pursued by those with backgrounds in nursing or social work, typically require a bachelor's degree, which can cost between $10,000 and $30,000 per year, depending on the institution and residency status. After obtaining a degree, aspiring case managers often seek certification, such as the Certified Case Manager (CCM) credential. The application fee for the CCM exam is approximately $225, with the exam fee around $195, totaling about $420.
Social work programs typically require a BSW, followed by an MSW for clinical roles. A BSW costs around $9,000–$37,000 per year, while an MSW ranges from $19,000–$27,000 annually, depending on the school and residency. Licensure adds application fees of $50–$200 and exam fees of $230–$260. Some states also mandate supervised hours and ongoing education. Overall, the total cost to become a licensed social worker can range from $40,000 to over $70,000, depending on the path taken and state requirements. Looking for the cheapest MSW programs online can help minimize the overall financial burden.
What are the typical career paths for case managers compared to social workers?
Case managers and social workers both pursue careers focused on supporting individuals and communities, but their career paths often differ in scope and specialization. Case managers typically focus on coordinating services for clients, while social workers may have a broader role that includes therapy, advocacy, and direct intervention.
Career Paths for Case Managers
Case managers typically progress within healthcare, social services, or government agencies. Below are some of the common career paths for case managers:
1. Care Coordinator
Care coordinators organize and manage patient care across multiple providers and facilities. They ensure patients receive the necessary services and help reduce healthcare costs by preventing duplication of services. This role often requires strong communication and organizational skills.
Median Salary: $47,047 per year
2. Clinical Case Manager
Clinical case managers work in healthcare settings, managing patients' medical and psychological needs. They collaborate with doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to develop and monitor care plans, ensuring that patients receive comprehensive and appropriate care.
Median Salary: $58,955 per year
3. Program Manager
Program managers oversee case management programs within healthcare or social service organizations. They are responsible for developing, implementing, and improving the program's operations. This role requires leadership skills and an understanding of budgeting and resource allocation.
Median Salary: $107,460 per year
4. Health Services Manager
Health services managers supervise healthcare facilities or departments. They handle administrative duties, such as managing staff, budgeting, and ensuring compliance with regulations. This role requires a solid understanding of healthcare management and leadership.
Median Salary: $95,625 per year
5. Rehabilitation Case Manager
Rehabilitation case managers specialize in working with individuals recovering from injury, surgery, or illness. They coordinate rehabilitation services and track patient progress. This role requires a strong understanding of healthcare systems and patient care.
Median Salary: $47,743 per year
Career Paths for Social Workers
Social workers take a broader approach to improving the well-being of individuals, families, and communities. Here are some common career paths for social workers:
1. Clinical Social Worker
Clinical social workers provide therapy and counseling to individuals, couples, and families. They are licensed to diagnose mental health conditions and develop treatment plans. This role requires a master's degree in social work (MSW) and state licensure. Some may look for the easiest MSW program to fast-track their education and enter the workforce more quickly.
Median Salary: $94,158 per year
2. School Social Worker
School social workers support students facing academic, behavioral, or emotional challenges. They collaborate with educators and families to ensure students’ needs are met. This role requires knowledge of educational systems and child development.
Median Salary: $66,114 per year
3. Medical Social Worker
Medical social workers assist patients and their families in navigating healthcare systems. They provide emotional support, help with discharge planning, and ensure access to necessary resources. This role is often found in hospitals or healthcare settings.
Median Salary: $80,462 per year
4. Social Work Administrator
Social work administrators oversee social service organizations, managing teams, budgets, and programs. They ensure that services are effective and meet clients' needs. This role typically requires an MSW and experience in management and supervision.
Median Salary: $58,404 per year
5. Policy Analyst
Policy analysts in social work research analyze policies affecting social welfare. They may work for government agencies or advocacy organizations to promote social justice and public policy reforms. This role requires strong research and analytical skills.
Median Salary: $100,949 per year
Check out the pros and cons of being a social worker so you have a clear picture of what the profession entails.
What are the key differences in the skills required for case managers vs. social workers?
While both case managers and social workers work to support individuals and communities, the skills required for each profession differ based on their roles, responsibilities, and the populations they serve. Case managers tend to focus more on coordination and resource management, while social workers often provide direct support and intervention.
Skills Required for Case Managers
Case managers need a combination of organizational, analytical, and interpersonal skills to effectively manage care plans and services. Here are the key skills for case managers:
- Care Plan Development: Create, implement, and monitor individualized care plans using electronic care management systems.
- Utilization Review & Management: Analyze treatment plans and resource use to ensure appropriate and cost-effective care, especially in insurance or hospital settings.
- Electronic Health Records (EHR) Proficiency: Use EHR platforms (e.g., Epic, Cerner) to access and update patient information, track care progress, and coordinate services.
- Regulatory Compliance Knowledge: Understand healthcare regulations (e.g., HIPAA, Medicare/Medicaid guidelines) and ensure adherence in service coordination.
- Data Reporting & Outcome Tracking: Use software to monitor case outcomes, generate performance reports, and evaluate service effectiveness.
- Assessment & Planning: Proficiency in assessing client needs and developing care or service plans to ensure that individuals receive appropriate support. This includes understanding clinical diagnoses and service options.
Skills Required for Social Workers
Social workers require technical skills centered around psychosocial assessment, therapeutic intervention, and case documentation. Below are key technical skills required for social workers:
- Psychosocial Assessment Tools: Use standardized assessments (e.g., DSM-5 criteria, risk screening tools) to evaluate mental, emotional, and environmental factors.
- Clinical Documentation: Maintain accurate and confidential records of client interactions, assessments, and treatment plans using case management software.
- Therapeutic Intervention Techniques: Apply clinical methods such as CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), MI (Motivational Interviewing), or trauma-informed care.
- Crisis Intervention Protocols: Implement safety planning, de-escalation methods, and emergency response procedures for clients in acute distress.
- Case Note and Progress Reporting: Document detailed case notes that reflect client progress, challenges, and ongoing needs for multi-disciplinary review.
- Multisystem Navigation: Coordinate with legal systems, schools, housing authorities, and healthcare systems using interagency communication tools.
What legal and ethical challenges do professionals in case management and social work face?
Case managers and social workers must navigate distinct legal regulations and ethical standards in their daily practices. Case managers often handle issues related to patient privacy, insurance compliance, and the proper coordination of services, requiring strict adherence to healthcare regulations and risk management protocols. In contrast, social workers face complex dilemmas involving confidentiality, informed consent, and mandatory reporting, as well as the ethical implications of client advocacy and support. Both roles demand ongoing professional development to address evolving legal mandates and social expectations. Engaging in targeted continuing education, such as programs offered by medical assistant schools online, helps ensure that professionals remain proficient in legal frameworks and ethical practices essential to their fields.
What are the ongoing professional development opportunities for case managers and social workers?
For both case managers and social workers, engaging in continuous professional development is key to adapting to evolving industry standards and regulations. Professionals can pursue accredited certificate courses, specialized workshops, and advanced credentialing programs that build expertise in areas such as trauma-informed care, integrated behavioral health, and interdisciplinary coordination. Additionally, many institutions offer flexible online learning formats to help enhance practical skills while maintaining work-life balance. For those seeking complementary clinical insights, exploring fastest PharmD online degree programs can add valuable depth to multidisciplinary patient care.
Are complementary certifications beneficial for career growth in case management and social work?
Professionals in case management and social work may leverage specialized certifications to diversify their skill sets and enhance career adaptability. Acquiring complementary credentials—such as those that improve proficiency in administrative systems and technical data management—can provide a competitive edge in multidisciplinary settings. For instance, supplementing your core qualifications with cheap medical billing and coding courses online can expand your operational capabilities and support compliance with evolving healthcare standards. This strategic enhancement not only broadens service expertise but also reinforces the alignment between clinical support and administrative efficiency.
How much do case managers vs. social worker professionals earn?
Case managers in the United States earn an average annual salary of approximately $95,494, with most salaries ranging between $87,046 and $105,269. In comparison, social workers have an average annual salary of about $68,623, with a typical range from $41,139 to $114,468, depending on factors such as specialization and location.
Several factors influence case manager and social worker salary:
- Location: Case managers in Washington, DC, earn around $62,775, while social workers in the same city average $78,825. Salaries vary widely by state and city.
- Certifications: Case managers with a Certified Case Manager (CCM) credential earn 10–20% more. Social workers in clinical or healthcare specializations often see higher pay.
- Industry Sector: Case managers in insurance earn $50,652, while those in government make $40,039. Social workers in hospitals earn $66,300, and those in local government make about $62,390.
What are the common work settings for case managers compared to social workers?
Case managers typically work in settings that require coordination and oversight of patient care or client services, ensuring that individuals have access to the right resources. They are often involved in managing complex cases involving healthcare, insurance, and social services. Here are common work settings for case managers:
- Hospitals and Healthcare Facilities
- Insurance Companies (health insurance or workers' compensation)
- Community Health Centers
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Mental Health Centers
- Home Healthcare Agencies
- Long-Term Care Facilities
- Government Agencies (e.g., social services or veteran services)
- Schools
- Correctional Facilities
Meanwhile, social workers focus on helping individuals and families navigate social, emotional, and environmental challenges. They work in settings that allow them to provide direct support, advocacy, and therapy, often for vulnerable populations. Common work settings for social workers include:
- Hospitals and Healthcare Settings (e.g., medical social workers)
- Schools (e.g., school social workers)
- Mental Health Clinics
- Child Welfare and Family Services
- Government and Public Service Agencies
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
- Nursing Homes and Assisted Living Facilities
- Private Practice (e.g., clinical social workers offering therapy)
- Correctional Facilities
What is the job outlook for case managers vs. social worker graduates?
The job outlook for both case managers and social workers is strong, with each field projected to grow by 9% from 2018 to 2028, adding approximately 64,000 new positions. As of now, there are over 112,432 case managers employed in the United States, with 84,959 active job openings. This reflects a growing demand for case managers across various sectors. Additionally, case manager salaries have seen a notable increase of 14% in the past five years, highlighting the growing value of this role in the workforce.
Similarly, the social work profession is experiencing a positive outlook over the next decade. Currently, there are more than 255,843 social workers in the U.S., with 77,340 active job openings. Although salaries for social workers have increased by 7% in the past five years, the continued demand for their services remains strong across various industries.
Here’s What Graduates Have to Say About Becoming a Case Manager or Social Worker
Becoming a case manager has given me the chance to make a real difference in people's lives. The program I completed provided a solid foundation in understanding the needs of individuals, while teaching me essential organizational and problem-solving skills. It's an incredibly rewarding career, especially when you see your efforts improving the lives of others. — Ron
The accelerated social work program gave me the skills I needed quickly while balancing my career and personal life. I was able to finish my MSW in just over a year, which was such a relief and a great motivator. Now, I'm confident in my ability to provide the support that individuals and families require. — Cedric
Transitioning into social work through a bridge program was an amazing experience, even though my prior degree was in a completely different field. The program offered flexibility and structure, helping me blend my past skills with social work theory. I was ready to jump into this new career path sooner than I expected! — Kathleen
Key Findings
- Becoming a social worker can cost $40,000 to $70,000 for education and licensure, while case managers typically spend $10,000 to $30,000 annually for a bachelor's degree, plus additional certification costs.
- There are over 112,432 case managers employed in the U.S., while 255,843 social workers are employed.
- The clinical social work licensing exam has a pass rate of 73.4%, while the Certified Case Manager (CCM) exam has a slightly higher pass rate of 76%.
- The largest specialization among social workers is in mental health and substance abuse, with 40.4% of social workers focusing on this area.
- Case managers need a bachelor's degree and may pursue certification, while social workers require a BSW for entry-level roles, an MSW for clinical positions, supervised hours (1,500 to 5,760 hours), and licensure.
Other Things You Should Know About Case Manager vs. Social Worker
How long does it typically take to become a case manager compared to a social worker?
Becoming a case manager typically takes less time than becoming a social worker. Case managers often require a bachelor's degree in social work, nursing, therapy, or a related field, and may not need a master's degree. Social workers, particularly clinical social workers, usually need a master's degree in social work (MSW), which typically takes two years to complete. Additionally, clinical social workers must complete supervised clinical hours and pass licensing exams, which can extend the time to practice independently.
How do clinical hours and fieldwork requirements differ between case management and social work programs?
Clinical hours and fieldwork requirements are generally more extensive in social work programs. For example, a bachelor of social work program typically requires a minimum of 400 hours of supervised field experience. A master of social work program requires at least 900 hours of supervised field instruction. In contrast, case management programs may not have standardized fieldwork requirements and can vary based on the specific program and the professional background of the individual.
Are there bridge programs in case management or social work for professionals with degrees in unrelated fields?
Yes, there are bridge programs available for professionals with degrees in unrelated fields. These programs are designed to provide the necessary education and training to transition into social work or case management roles. For instance, some master of social work programs offer advanced standing tracks for individuals who hold a bachelor of social work, allowing them to complete the program in a shorter time frame.
Are there online accelerated programs for becoming a case manager or a social worker?
Yes, there are online accelerated programs available for both case management and social work. For social work, MSW programs offer accelerated tracks, allowing completion in as little as 12 to 15 months. These programs often provide flexibility for working professionals. Programs like the Case Management Accelerated Training (CMAT) offer intensive, tuition-free, 11-week certificate programs. Additionally, online continuing education courses are available for those seeking certification in case management
References:
- American Case Management Association. (n.d.). ACM certification. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ACMA.
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (n.d.). Social workers & case workers. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from CMS.
- Commission for Case Manager Certification. (n.d.). Get certified. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from CCMC.
- Commission for Case Manager Certification. (n.d.). Case management profession: Trends & foresight. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from CCMC.
- Commission for Case Manager Certification. (n.d.). NASW collaborative. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from CCMC.
- Glassdoor. (n.d.). Case manager salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from Glassdoor.
- Glassdoor. (n.d.). Social worker salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from Glassdoor.
- Human Services Edu. (n.d.). Certified social work case manager education. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from HumanServicesEdu.
- National Association of Social Workers. (n.d.). Apply for NASW social work credentials. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from NASW.
- National Association of Social Workers. (n.d.). NASW standards for social work case management [PDF]. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from NASW.
- National Association of Social Workers. (n.d.). Social work case manager career paths. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from NASW.
- National Association of Social Workers. (n.d.). Social work case manager job descriptions. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from NASW.
- National Association of Social Workers. (n.d.). Social work case manager salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from NASW.
- SocialServiceWorkforce.org. (2024). Case management practical guide [PDF]. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from SocialServiceWorkforce.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024). Social and community service managers – Occupational outlook handbook. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from BLS.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024). Social workers: Occupational outlook handbook. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from BLS.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). Care coordinator salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). Clinical case manager salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). Clinical social worker salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). Medical and health services manager salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). Medical social worker salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). Policy analyst salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). Program manager salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). Rehabilitation case manager salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- ZipRecruiter. (n.d.). School social worker salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from ZipRecruiter.
- Zippia. (n.d.). Case manager jobs. Retrieved May 7, 2025, from Zippia.
- Zippia. (n.d.). Social work administrator salary. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from Zippia.
