How To Become a Biologist? Salary & Career Paths for 2025

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Many aspiring biologists find the field fascinating but struggle to understand their career options. They wonder whether biology offers a stable job outlook, what industries they might work in, and how much they can expect to earn.

Biologists can earn anywhere from $37,000 to $138,000 annually, with most salaries falling between $59,500 and $121,000. Career paths vary widely, from research and healthcare to environmental science and biotechnology. This article, prepared by experts in career planning, will break down what biologists do, their salary potential, and the industries that hire them—helping readers make informed decisions about pursuing a career in biology.

Key Things You Should Know About Becoming a Biologist

Biologist Responsibilities – Biologists study living organisms and their environments, contributing to fields like medicine, agriculture, and environmental science.
Education and Skills Required – A bachelor's degree in biology is essential, but advanced education and hands-on lab experience improve career prospects.
Career Paths and Opportunities – Biologists work in academia, industry, healthcare, environmental science, and public policy, with industry roles often offering higher salaries.
Salary and Job Market – Biologists earn between $37,000 and $138,000, with strong job growth in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science.
Future Trends and Challenges – Emerging fields like biotechnology, computational biology, and climate science are expanding, but funding and job competition remain challenges.

What does a biologist do?
How do you become a biologist for 2025?
What are the different career paths for biologists?
How much do biologists earn?
What are the job prospects for biologists?
What are the pros and cons of being a biologist?
What are the best universities for studying biology?
What internships and research opportunities are available for biology students?
How do additional certifications impact the financial outlook in biology careers?
How does biology contribute to solving global challenges?
How can interdisciplinary education and networking enhance your biology career?
What are the ethical challenges and responsibilities in a biology career?
How can you choose the right biology degree program for your career objectives?
What are the future trends in biology careers?
How can professional certifications complement a biology career?
What soft skills are essential for success in a biology career?
Other Things You Should Know about a Career in Biology

What does a biologist do?

A biologist studies living organisms, their environments, and how they interact with the world. Their work helps advance medicine, protect ecosystems, and improve agriculture and technology.

Depending on their specialization, biologists may work in labs, outdoors, or in offices analyzing data. Some focus on human health, while others study animals, plants, or ecosystems.

Scientific research and development – The largest employer, with over 19,000 biologists conducting experiments and analyzing data.
Government agencies – Nearly 19,000 biologists contribute to policy-making, conservation, and public health.
Colleges and universities – Around 5,000 biologists teach and conduct research.
Consulting services – Over 3,000 biologists provide expertise in environmental and technical fields.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing – Nearly 3,000 biologists help develop new medicines.

No matter the field, biologists play a key role in solving global challenges. For wondering "what do I need to become a neurologist?" note that biology may be a good take-off point.

How do you become a biologist for 2025?

To become a biologist, you need a college degree in biological sciences or a related field. Most biologists start with a bachelor’s degree, but some pursue advanced degrees for specialized roles.

Earn a biology degree

A bachelor’s degree in biological sciences is the standard path. In 2021–22, about 131,500 students earned a biology-related degree, making up 7% of all bachelor's degrees.

Gain lab and field experience

Internships, research projects, and lab work help build practical skills. Many universities offer hands-on training to prepare students for real-world biology careers.

Consider advanced education

A master’s or Ph.D. is required for research, university teaching, or specialized fields like genetics or microbiology. Higher degrees can also lead to better job opportunities and higher salaries.

Develop key skills

Biologists need strong analytical, problem-solving, and technical skills. Learning to use lab equipment, data analysis tools, and scientific software is essential.

A biology degree opens doors to careers in research, healthcare, environmental science, and biotechnology. For those interested in forensics, the blood spatter analyst career path is one specialized option that blends biology with criminal investigations. Advanced education and hands-on experience increase job prospects across all these fields.

What are the different career paths for biologists?

Biologists can work in various fields, including research, healthcare, environmental science, and industry. Career choices depend on education level, specialization, and personal interests.

Academia – About 65% of scientists work in universities and research institutions, teaching students and conducting studies.
Industry – Around 15% of biologists work in private companies, often earning higher salaries and reporting greater job satisfaction. Many work in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, or biotechnology (
Healthcare and medicine – Biologists contribute to drug development, genetics, and disease research in hospitals and biotech firms. If you're interested in a healthcare career, learning how to become a certified nurse midwife is another rewarding option.
Environmental science – Some biologists study ecosystems, conservation, or climate change, often working for government agencies or nonprofits.
Science communication and policy – With strong communication skills, biologists can work in journalism, education, or public policy.

In high-income countries, industry employs about half of all researchers. While academia offers intellectual freedom, industry roles often provide better pay and resources.

How much do biologists earn?

Biologists earn between $37,000 and $138,000 per year, depending on experience, education, and industry. Most salaries fall between $59,500 and $121,000, with the top 10% making around $137,000 annually.

Industry jobs often pay more than academic positions. Research scientists in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals typically earn higher salaries than those in government or education.

Advanced degrees can lead to better-paying roles. However, some biologists boost their earnings with specialized training, such as medical certificate programs, which provide additional qualifications for healthcare-related careers.

Location also affects pay. Biologists working in major biotech hubs or metropolitan areas tend to earn more than those in rural regions.

While salaries vary, biology offers diverse career paths with strong earning potential, especially for those with advanced education or specialized skills.

What are the job prospects for biologists?

Biologists have strong job prospects, especially in research and healthcare. Demand for biological technicians is expected to grow 7% from 2023 to 2033, which is faster than the average for all jobs.

Each year, there will be about 10,300 job openings for biological technicians. Many of these openings will come from workers retiring or switching careers.

Opportunities are especially strong in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science. As technology advances, industries need biologists for drug development, genetics, and conservation efforts. For those interested in applied healthcare roles, learning how to become a clinical technologist can be a valuable next step, as this path combines biology with hands-on medical diagnostics.

Government agencies and universities also offer steady job options, though competition can be high. Those with advanced degrees or specialized skills will have the best chances of securing high-paying roles.

What are the pros and cons of being a biologist?

Being a biologist has both advantages and challenges. It offers exciting opportunities but also comes with some difficulties.

Pros:

Diverse career options – Biologists can work in research, healthcare, environmental science, and more.
Job satisfaction – Many biologists enjoy contributing to medical advances, conservation, and scientific discoveries.
Good salary potential – Experienced biologists in industry or specialized fields can earn high salaries.
Opportunities for travel – Some biologists conduct fieldwork in different locations, including forests, oceans, and research stations.
Growing job demand – Advancements in biotechnology and healthcare create steady job opportunities.

Cons:

Long education path – Many biology careers require advanced degrees, which take time and money.
Competitive job market – Research and academic positions can be difficult to secure.
Variable salaries – Entry-level jobs may have lower pay, and salaries depend on industry and location.
Fieldwork challenges – Some roles require outdoor work in tough conditions or handling hazardous materials.
Limited funding – Government and academic research often depend on grants, which can be uncertain.

Despite the challenges, a career in biology can be fulfilling for those passionate about science and discovery.

What are the best universities for studying biology?

The best universities for studying biology have strong research programs, expert faculty, and modern lab facilities. Top schools also offer opportunities for internships and specialization.

Top Universities for Biology:

Harvard University – Harvard University is known for cutting-edge research in genetics, microbiology, and biotechnology.
Stanford University – Stanford University offers strong programs in ecology, molecular biology, and biomedical sciences.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) – MIT focuses on bioengineering, computational biology, and neuroscience.
University of California, Berkeley – University of California, Berkeley excels in environmental biology, genetics, and plant sciences.
Johns Hopkins University – Johns Hopkins University is a leader in medical and health-related biology research.

Many universities also offer online programs for students looking to specialize in healthcare or management roles. Those interested in leadership positions may consider master in healthcare administration online programs to combine biology expertise with management skills.

What internships and research opportunities are available for biology students?

Biology students can gain hands-on experience through internships and research programs. These opportunities help build skills, expand networks, and improve job prospects after graduation.

Internship Opportunities:

University research labs – Many colleges offer paid or volunteer research positions.
Government agencies – Programs at the CDC, NIH, and EPA provide public health and environmental experience.
Biotech and pharmaceutical companies – Interns assist with lab work, clinical trials, and data analysis.
Nonprofit organizations – Conservation groups and healthcare organizations offer fieldwork and lab-based projects.
Hospitals and medical centers – Students interested in healthcare can gain experience in medical research.

Why Internships Matter

About 41% of college students complete an internship during their degree. Those who gain work experience related to their major are twice as likely to land a good job after graduation.

For students planning advanced studies, research experience is crucial. Those interested in genetics, for example, can explore masters in genetics programs that require lab-based research.

Internships and research projects provide a competitive edge, helping students transition smoothly into careers or graduate studies.

How do additional certifications impact the financial outlook in biology careers?

Pursuing further certifications can influence long-term financial stability by increasing marketability and opening doors to advanced career opportunities. Strategic investments in specialized training are known to potentially boost earning capacity and accelerate professional growth. Professionals should evaluate costs and benefits before committing to further education, taking into account factors such as tuition expenses, potential salary increases, and career advancement. For instance, some candidates opt for targeted programs like medical assistant certification online cost programs as a means to diversify their skill sets and access new roles within healthcare and related sectors.

How does biology contribute to solving global challenges?

Biology plays a key role in addressing global issues like climate change, disease, and biodiversity loss. Scientific research helps develop solutions that protect the environment and improve human health.

Biologists work on conservation efforts to protect ecosystems. Studies show that actions like creating protected areas, controlling invasive species, and restoring habitats help slow biodiversity loss in 66% of cases compared to taking no action. When these efforts are applied correctly, they are highly effective.

In medicine, biology leads to breakthroughs in treating diseases, developing vaccines, and improving healthcare. Researchers study viruses, genetics, and human biology to prevent and cure illnesses.

Biologists also contribute to sustainable agriculture by improving crop production, reducing pesticide use, and creating disease-resistant plants. These advancements help address food security and environmental sustainability.

In the field of climate science, biology supports efforts to monitor ecosystem changes and create nature-based solutions for carbon capture and pollution reduction.

For students and professionals exploring science-related careers, biology offers diverse pathways—much like a geospatial analyst career path, which blends environmental science, technology, and data to solve real-world problems. Both fields demonstrate how specialized knowledge can make a global impact.

highest concentration of biology researchers

How can interdisciplinary education and networking enhance your biology career?

Integrating diverse fields of study and building robust professional connections can open unforeseen pathways in biology. For example, combining biological knowledge with subjects such as kinesiology offers a unique perspective on human physiology and wellness. Pursuing complementary programs—for instance, exploring an online bachelor's in kinesiology—can equip professionals with interdisciplinary tools that enhance research capabilities and practical applications in health and sports sciences. Additionally, participation in industry conferences, collaborative projects, and cross-disciplinary forums fosters innovative problem-solving, further distinguishing candidates in competitive job markets.

What are the ethical challenges and responsibilities in a biology career?

Biology professionals must navigate complex ethical dilemmas while advancing research and innovation. They are required to uphold strict research integrity, ensure the responsible use of emerging technologies, and maintain transparency when disseminating results. Ethical decision-making extends to safeguarding participant privacy, mitigating conflicts of interest, and addressing the environmental and social impacts of biological work. In fields where public health and safety are paramount, such as clinical nutrition, understanding ethical standards is critical. For guidance on maintaining ethical practice in nutrition-related roles, professionals may review how to become a licensed nutritionist.

How can you choose the right biology degree program for your career objectives?

When selecting a biology degree program, evaluate factors such as accreditation, curriculum relevance, faculty expertise, and hands-on research opportunities. Look for programs that offer clear pathways to specialized fields and industry connections, ensuring they align with your long-term career strategy. Additionally, consider cost efficiency and flexibility when comparing options; for instance, enrolling in a cheap biology degree online program may provide a budget-friendly alternative without compromising quality. Prioritize programs that integrate interdisciplinary learning and provide access to professional development resources, as these can further enhance your skillset and career readiness.

What are the future trends in biology careers?

Biology careers are evolving with advancements in technology, healthcare, and environmental science. Emerging trends are shaping new job opportunities in the field.

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

Biotechnology is growing rapidly, with innovations in gene editing, personalized medicine, and bioengineering. Professionals with advanced training, such as an online masters in biotechnology, can work in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and medical research.

Environmental and Climate Science

With increasing concerns about climate change, there is a rising demand for biologists specializing in conservation, renewable energy, and ecosystem management. Careers in sustainability and environmental policy are expanding.

Biomedical Research and Healthcare

Advancements in medical research, including cancer treatments and infectious disease control, continue to create jobs. Biologists are needed in labs, hospitals, and biotech firms to develop new therapies and vaccines.

Data Science and Computational Biology

Big data and artificial intelligence are transforming biological research. Bioinformatics and computational biology play a key role in analyzing genetic data, tracking disease outbreaks, and developing precision medicine.

Biology careers will continue to grow as science and technology advance, offering new and exciting opportunities.

How can professional certifications complement a biology career?

Certification programs can bridge the gap between academic training and professional practice in biology. They enable candidates to acquire specialized skills in areas such as data analytics, laboratory management, or complementary healthcare disciplines that support research and clinical operations. Certain training options, including courses on medical billing certification cost, provide an avenue to develop industry-relevant competencies and administrative expertise. These credentials may enhance career versatility and help biology professionals stand out in a competitive job market.

Here’s What People Have to Say about Their Biology Career

Working in biotechnology has been both challenging and rewarding. I contribute to developing life-saving treatments, and every day, I see how science can improve lives. Biology has given me a career where curiosity and problem-solving go hand in hand. – Felix

As a wildlife biologist, I get to study ecosystems and help protect endangered species. Fieldwork can be tough, but knowing my research leads to real conservation efforts makes it all worth it. Biology has allowed me to turn my passion for nature into a meaningful career. – Lena

I never expected to enjoy lab research as much as I do. From analyzing genetic data to testing new drug compounds, every project brings something new. The precision and teamwork in biology make the job both intellectually stimulating and impactful. – Naomi

What soft skills are essential for success in a biology career?

In a field that requires collaboration across interdisciplinary teams, strong communication, adaptability, and leadership are invaluable assets. Effective verbal and written communication enhances the exchange of complex scientific ideas, while active listening and empathy help in resolving conflicts and driving teamwork. Furthermore, critical thinking and time management support the balancing of laboratory responsibilities with research initiatives. Professionals can also benefit from targeted opportunities to build these skills, such as enrolling in a medical assistant course that offers training in practical, interpersonal, and organizational competencies without overlapping specialized technical training.

Key Findings

Biologists earn between $37,000 and $138,000 annually, with most salaries falling between $59,500 and $121,000.
Demand for biological technicians is expected to grow 7% from 2023 to 2033, with about 10,300 job openings annually.
41% of college students complete internships, and those with job-related experience are twice as likely to secure a good job after graduation.
About 15% of biologists work in private companies, while 65% of scientists are employed in universities and research institutions.
Conservation efforts improve biodiversity in 66% of cases compared to taking no action.

Other Things You Should Know about a Career in Biology

What high school subjects are important for future biologists?

Students planning a biology career should focus on science and math courses. Biology, chemistry, and physics provide a strong foundation in scientific concepts, while mathematics—especially algebra and statistics—helps with data analysis. Environmental science is useful for those interested in ecology or conservation. English and writing skills are also important for research reports and scientific communication. Taking computer science can be beneficial for bioinformatics and data-driven research. A well-rounded education in these subjects prepares students for college-level biology studies and future careers in the field.

What is the difference between a research biologist and an applied biologist?

A research biologist focuses on studying biological processes to expand scientific knowledge, while an applied biologist uses that knowledge to solve real-world problems. Research biologists work in laboratories, universities, and research institutions, conducting experiments and analyzing data. On the other hand, applied biologists work in industries like healthcare, agriculture, and environmental management, using biology to develop products, improve public health, or protect ecosystems. While research biologists advance theories and discoveries, applied biologists translate those findings into practical applications that benefit society.

Is being a biologist a stressful job?

Being a biologist can be stressful at times, depending on the work environment and job responsibilities. Research biologists may face pressure to secure funding, meet deadlines, and publish findings, while applied biologists may deal with fieldwork challenges, regulatory requirements, or high-stakes problem-solving. However, many biologists find their work rewarding, especially when making scientific discoveries or contributing to environmental and medical advancements. Effective time management and a passion for the field can help balance the challenges and make biology a fulfilling career.

How important is university ranking for a biology career?

University ranking can matter, but it is not the only factor in building a successful biology career. Prestigious universities may offer better research facilities, funding, and networking opportunities. However, skills, hands-on experience, internships, and research projects often carry more weight when applying for jobs. Many biologists from less well-known schools have thriving careers due to their expertise and practical experience. Choosing a university with strong biology programs, good faculty, and research opportunities is more important than ranking alone.