2027 Highest-Paying Jobs You Can Get With a Logistics Degree
Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist
For individuals weighing education investment against career rewards, determining the tangible benefits of a logistics degree is critical. The labor market shows that holders of advanced logistics degrees command up to 25% higher salaries than those with only a bachelor's, reflecting a clear wage premium. Additionally, professional certifications-such as the Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP)-can boost earnings by 15% or more. This article examines how degree level, licensure, industry sector, and location influence compensation outcomes in logistics careers. Readers will gain evidence-based insights into the financial returns of logistics credentials to make informed decisions aligned with income goals and risk tolerance.
Key Things to Know About the Highest-Paying Jobs You Can Get With a Logistics Degree
- Graduate credentials in logistics provide an average wage premium of 15-25% over bachelor's-only holders, significantly enhancing earning potential in supply chain management and operations roles.
- Professional certifications like APICS CPIM or CSCMP SCPro can boost salaries by up to 20%, signaling advanced expertise valued across manufacturing, retail, and transportation sectors.
- Compared to alternative pathways such as vocational training, a logistics degree typically yields a 10-30% higher return on investment within five years, especially in high-demand urban and industrial hubs.
What Exactly Does a Logistics Degree Qualify You to Do in Today's Job Market?
A logistics degree qualifies graduates for a variety of roles centered on managing the efficient flow of goods, information, and resources. Recognized by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, it prepares individuals for careers in supply chain management, transportation coordination, inventory control, and operations planning. These roles rely on a combination of technical knowledge and strategic oversight.
Core competencies that set logistics degree holders apart from candidates with only on-the-job experience or unrelated credentials include:
- Technical Expertise: Mastery of supply chain software, data analytics, and systems integration essential for optimizing complex logistics networks.
- Analytical Skills: The ability to interpret data trends and design distribution strategies that lower costs while improving delivery efficiency.
- Interpersonal Abilities: Skilled communication necessary for collaboration among suppliers, customers, and internal teams.
While a logistics degree opens many doors, it does not provide licensure for regulated areas like commercial driving or customs brokerage, which require specific certifications. The profession mostly features open-entry roles but favors those with academic credentials for advancement into managerial and specialist positions.
Employers in the United States show a clear preference for candidates with logistics degrees, as demonstrated by wage premiums seen in market data from LinkedIn Insights and Lightcast. Advanced degrees-such as master's and doctoral programs-correlate strongly with the highest salaries, especially in leadership roles involving supply chain analytics, global trade management, and strategic sourcing. This makes a logistics degree career opportunities in the United States attractive for both early and mid-career professionals.
Throughout this article, the highest paying logistics jobs with a degree will be explored in detail, providing insight into how degree level, certifications, and industry sectors influence earning potential. For those evaluating educational pathways, it may also be worthwhile to consider related fields, such as an artificial intelligence degree online, which interact increasingly with logistics through data-driven supply chain optimization.
Which Logistics Jobs Command the Highest Salaries Right Now?
- Supply Chain Manager: This position ranks highest among the top logistics careers with the best salaries in the United States. Median annual pay is about $115,000, with those in the 75th percentile earning near $140,000. The top 10% surpass $170,000-reflecting the value of extensive experience and leadership in overseeing complex supply networks. Professionals with logistics degrees compete strongly here, especially when holding advanced credentials such as a master's degree or certifications like the Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP).
- Degree Levels: Bachelor's and master's degrees add significant wage premiums, particularly when paired with professional certifications.
- Industries: Manufacturing, e-commerce, and healthcare sectors provide the highest compensation.
- Geographic Markets: Metropolitan hubs like Los Angeles, Chicago, and Dallas tend to offer top salaries.
- Transportation Manager: Median earnings hover around $96,000 annually; upper-level managers can make $130,000 or more. Logistics graduates here enjoy a salary edge when combined with sector-specific licenses such as hazardous materials endorsements or relevant experience.
- Degree Levels: Bachelor's degrees are typical, with master's degrees boosting earning potential.
- Industries: Freight, shipping, and public transportation dominate.
- Employer Types: Large logistics firms and government agencies offer higher pay packages.
- Logistics Analyst: Median wages are around $77,000, with those in the 75th percentile approaching $95,000. Specialists in data analytics and logistics knowledge-especially in financial hubs and coastal cities-can exceed $110,000.
- Degree Levels: Bachelor's degrees are standard; additional training in data science increases salary potential.
- Geographic Markets: Financial centers and coastal metropolitan areas pay more.
- Warehouse Operations Manager: This role offers median salaries near $85,000 and top-tier earners reach $120,000 or more. Combining a logistics degree with operations management certifications enhances competitiveness and compensation.
- Industries: Retail distribution and third-party logistics providers offer the best opportunities.
- Degree Levels: Bachelor's preferred; professional licenses further boost salaries.
Factors Influencing Salary: Salary in logistics depends heavily on degree specialization-supply chain management degrees often yield higher pay than general logistics. Geographic location also plays a significant role due to cost of living and industry activity. Employer type matters too-private sector jobs tend to offer larger salaries than public ones, though benefits may differ. Advanced degrees and industry certifications contribute measurable salary premiums, especially in competitive urban markets.
For mid-career professionals evaluating credential upgrades, comparing the earnings potential of a logistics degree versus alternatives-such as an online executive MBA cost-is a vital consideration. This data-driven overview arms prospective students and career changers with the information needed to align their education investments with their long-term income goals and risk tolerance.
How Does Degree Level-Bachelor's vs. Master's vs. Doctoral-Affect Logistics Earning Potential?
Degree attainment in logistics substantially affects earning capacity, yet the payoff varies by role and sector. Data from the BLS and College Scorecard reveal that wages for bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree holders differ due to both the credentials' value and the nature of opportunities each degree unlocks.
- Bachelor's Degree: This is the typical entry route, with salaries generally ranging from $50,000 to $80,000 annually. Positions like logistics analyst, supply chain coordinator, and transportation manager can be secured at this level, though these roles may offer limited advancement without further qualifications.
- Master's Degree: Holding a master's degree in logistics or supply chain management often raises median incomes by 15% to 25% compared to bachelor's graduates. Jobs such as senior supply chain manager, operations director, and logistics consultant frequently require or prefer this credential due to the advanced leadership and analytical skills it represents. In industries like manufacturing and e-commerce, a master's often grants access to strategic roles with greater impact.
- Doctoral Degree: Less common than other degrees, doctorates prepare individuals for specialized careers in academia, research, or high-level consulting. Salaries may exceed $120,000 but are highly variable and tied to niche domains such as logistics modeling or transportation economics. While operational roles rarely demand a doctorate, it is essential for teaching roles and policy-driven research. The extended investment here leads to a longer horizon for financial returns.
- Credential-Gated Roles: Executive and strategic positions-such as chief logistics officer or director of supply chain analytics-often require a master's degree due to their complex managerial demands. Academic licensing and research appointments mandate doctoral qualifications to meet professional standards.
- Time-to-Payoff Considerations: Prospective students should calculate the cost of tuition and forgone salary against expected post-degree earnings. Master's programs generally provide a favorable balance of expense and income boost for mid-career professionals, while doctoral paths suit those focused on academia or consultancy.
- Career Changers Versus Recent Graduates: Individuals entering logistics from unrelated backgrounds may find a master's the most efficient route to relevant expertise. Recent bachelor's recipients aligned with logistics might maximize earnings initially through experience before pursuing advanced degrees.
A professional who successfully completed a logistics degree shared insights about how degree level influenced his career trajectory: "Starting out with a bachelor's, I faced a steep learning curve and felt somewhat capped on advancement. Pursuing my master's amidst full-time work was tough-balancing projects and study felt overwhelming at times-but that additional credential opened doors to senior roles that used my strategic skills. The investment was challenging, yet seeing the salary jump and greater responsibility reaffirmed it was worthwhile. Doctoral studies didn't appeal to me given the time commitment and niche focus, but I respect those who choose that path for research or academia." His experience highlights the need to weigh personal circumstances alongside degree benefits when planning a logistics career.
Compensation for logistics graduates varies significantly by industry and employer type, highlighting opportunities for strategic career targeting. The private sector-especially in manufacturing, aerospace, and e-commerce-typically offers the highest-paying industries for logistics graduates. Large firms with complex supply chains invest heavily in skilled professionals to streamline operations, allowing logistics managers at multinational corporations to command substantially higher salaries than counterparts at smaller businesses.
Government agencies also rank as top employers with the best logistics graduate salaries, particularly those in transportation, defense, and customs enforcement. These roles come with structured pay scales and benefits that provide income stability. Veterans may find federal and state positions attractive due to transferable skills and robust pension systems. Meanwhile, nonprofit organizations tend to offer lower compensation, though large international aid and disaster relief groups pay competitively because of the operational complexities and certifications required for global logistics specialists.
Experienced graduates exploring self-employment or consulting can achieve lucrative hourly rates by leveraging expertise in supply chain optimization and technological integration. However, this path presents variable earnings and increased financial risk compared to traditional employment. Across all sectors, salary outcomes reflect a strong interaction between industry selection, job titles, and degree level-for instance, entry-level logisticians in retail earn noticeably less than senior analysts in aerospace. Holding an advanced degree combined with certifications such as Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP) can enhance earnings by more than 20% over bachelor-only credentials.
Market dynamics also influence pay: industries facing talent shortages like pharmaceutical logistics tend to offer premium wages due to regulatory stringency and product sensitivity, reinforcing the value of specialized credentials. To maximize salary potential, logistics graduates should focus on building industry-specific skills, obtaining recognized certifications, and developing professional networks early in their careers. Such an approach aligns with targeting sectors known for competitive compensation and long-term career growth.
Students weighing a master's credential to boost logistics salaries may consider an affordable master degree program to optimize their return on investment and position themselves advantageously in these high-paying industries.
The top-paying logistics roles vary widely across the U.S., shaped by regional economic strength, industry clusters, and local living costs. Adjusting wages to reflect cost-of-living differences reveals a more accurate picture of earning potential beyond base salaries.
- New York-Newark-Jersey City Metro Area: A central logistics and distribution hub offering elevated median wages. Despite a high cost of living, adjusted salaries remain competitive for logistics managers and supply chain analysts.
- San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Metro Area: Fueled by tech and e-commerce sectors, this region provides high compensation for supply chain roles focused on innovation, with real wages still attractive after adjustment.
- Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex: Known for extensive warehousing and 3PL company presence, it combines solid pay with a moderate living cost, enhancing net income for logistics professionals.
- Chicago-Naperville-Elgin Metro Area: An important freight and rail nexus, it delivers strong wages coupled with moderate regional expenses, improving purchasing power.
- States like Texas and Florida: These states benefit from pro-business policies and expanding logistics markets, offering favorable wages alongside affordable living.
- Midwestern and Southern Regions: Cities such as Indianapolis and Atlanta grow as logistics hubs, with rising salaries and lower living costs maximizing take-home pay.
Remote and hybrid work models are reshaping geographic pay differences, with data-intensive roles like planning and procurement often performed remotely-allowing living arrangements in lower-cost areas without sacrificing salary tied to higher-cost markets. However, hands-on positions such as warehouse management or compliance usually require presence onsite due to operational and regulatory demands.
Deciding between relocating to a high-wage city or remaining remote in a more affordable area involves weighing nominal salary gains against living expenses, career development opportunities, and personal flexibility. Remote roles offer cost savings and geographic freedom but may limit direct workplace interaction and networking, crucial in some logistics specialties.
A logistics professional who established her career after earning her degree reflected on her experience navigating these market nuances. She recalled the difficult decision to leave a higher-paying urban logistics role for a remote position based in a smaller city. "Although the base pay was slightly lower, the lower cost of housing and daily expenses made it worthwhile," she shared. "Adjusting to remote work meant building relationships virtually, which took effort, but it expanded my access to diverse projects across regions. It felt like balancing financial sense with lifestyle fit-something every logistics grad should consider carefully."
Professional credentials substantively increase earnings for logistics professionals by confirming advanced skills and boosting employer trust. Key certifications offer measurable salary advantages based on industry salary analyses.
- Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP): Administered by APICS, this certification demands passing a detailed exam focused on supply chain frameworks. Candidates must have three years of pertinent experience or equivalent education. Recertification occurs every five years with a renewal fee near $300. Salary data show CSCP recipients earn roughly 12% more compared to non-certified peers.
- Certified in Production and Inventory Management (CPIM): Also provided by APICS, CPIM requires clearing multiple exams centered on production control and inventory operations. Eligibility includes relevant job experience or formal education. Annual maintenance fees apply. Certified professionals often realize median salary increases up to 10%.
- Six Sigma Green Belt: Focused on quality improvement and process optimization, this credential involves formal training and examination. Cost varies broadly from $400 to $1,200 depending on the certification provider. Logistics specialists holding this belt typically benefit from a salary uplift between 8% and 15%.
- Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC): Necessary for certain transport sectors, TWIC requires background screening and a fee around $125. While it does not directly raise salary, it is essential for compliance and unlocking access to higher-paying logistics roles.
Prospective candidates should investigate which certifications are preferred or mandatory in their target fields and confirm credentialing agencies hold accreditations from authorities such as ANSI or NCCA. This due diligence ensures the credential's legitimacy and maximizes their investment's impact on career earnings and advancement opportunities.
Entry-level logistics positions typically start with median salaries near $45,000, reflecting foundational skills and limited leadership responsibilities during the first five years. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics illustrates this starting point as a common benchmark for early-career professionals in the field.
- Mid-Career Growth: Between five and ten years of experience, logistics professionals often experience a substantial salary increase, reaching between $65,000 to $85,000. This rise corresponds with promotions to management roles or specialization in niche fields such as supply chain analytics or freight optimization. Earning certifications like the Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP) or Lean Six Sigma significantly boosts pay at this stage.
- Senior-Level Earnings: After a decade or more, those who advance into senior management, director positions, or specialized areas like international logistics or procurement may earn in excess of $100,000 annually. Leadership in large-scale projects and business development acumen further elevate compensation within these top-tier roles.
- Strategic Differentiators: High earners distinguish themselves through continuous professional development, network expansion, and reputation building. Taking responsibility for multimillion-dollar supply chain budgets or moving into consulting roles can dramatically increase earning potential beyond peers with similar educational backgrounds.
- Benchmark Expectations: Setting realistic salary goals involves aiming for approximately $45,000 at five years, $70,000 by ten years, and potentially surpassing $120,000 in peak career stages-varied by geography and industry. Graduate credentials in logistics provide a wage premium, while professional licensure and certifications enhance return on investment compared to alternative career pathways.
Among logistics degree concentrations with top salary potential, supply chain management, transportation management, and data analytics stand out as gateways to the highest-paying roles. Supply chain management specialists often reach senior leadership positions-such as supply chain directors or operations managers-commanding premium pay due to their accountability for end-to-end system efficiency and risk mitigation in global networks. Transportation management professionals occupy strategic roles in sectors like manufacturing and retail, where regulatory complexities and fuel cost volatility create strong demand for their expertise.
Data analytics and logistics technology have become well-remunerated areas as companies rely more on predictive modeling and process automation to optimize operations. Graduates concentrating here typically become logistics analysts or technology integrators, roles valued for blending technical depth with business insight amid scarce talent pools. Those pursuing a logistics degree should consider such high-demand specializations rather than choosing solely based on interest, especially weighing labor market trends, growth projections, and employer certification preferences like Six Sigma or Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP).
Students early in their academic planning can enhance their prospects by exploring targeted internships, certificate stacking, and continuing education to access these lucrative niches without returning for another full degree. Experiences with technology-focused firms or regulatory agencies add value, while certifications boost salary potential. For those exploring efficient degree paths, some may benefit from accelerated options such as a master degree in 6 months, combining speed with strong market outcomes.
- Growth: Specializations in supply chain analytics show 8-10% projected job growth, outperforming general logistics roles.
- Compensation: Graduate degrees combined with professional certifications correlate with salary increases of 15-25% versus bachelor's alone.
- Return on Investment: Top online logistics programs feature accelerated curricula and career services, helping graduates enter competitive markets with lower debt loads.
The logistics job market is projected to experience steady growth over the next decade, with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimating employment increases ranging from 5% to 10% in many core logistics occupations. Roles such as logisticians, supply chain managers, and transportation managers are expected to grow faster than average, reflecting the increasing complexity of global supply chains and heightened demand for efficient distribution amid technological innovation. This positive trend supports the forecast for logistics job market growth forecast, making logistics a financially sound career pathway.
Several broad trends will shape long-term salary stability in logistics careers. Automation poses varying risks-highly routine tasks in warehousing and inventory control face greater exposure to robotics and software solutions, while strategic roles involving decision-making and problem-solving face lower automation threats. Demographic shifts-with an aging workforce and expanding e-commerce sectors-drive sustained employer demand. Legislative changes tied to trade, safety, and environmental policies increase the value of logistics professionals who can navigate evolving regulations. These forces underscore the importance of credentialed expertise and continuous upskilling in a competitive labor market.
- Growth Potential: Employment is robust for occupations like supply chain analysts and transportation managers, where technological integration enhances human expertise rather than replaces it.
- Automation Risk: Strategic planning positions and roles requiring specialized certifications carry low automation risk, securing long-term career opportunities.
- Employer Demand: Rising global trade and e-commerce expansion underscore expanding opportunities in logistics management and technology-driven logistics services.
- Structural Challenges: Segments such as trucking operations and basic warehouse roles face outsourcing pressures and budget constraints, which can limit wage growth and job stability.
- Credential Inflation: Increasing preference for graduate credentials and professional certifications signals that workers must continuously upgrade skills to maintain a competitive advantage.
Prospective students and professionals considering credential upgrades can benefit from exploring related educational pathways such as architecture programs online to understand how specialized degrees complement evolving industry demands in complex, logistics-linked infrastructure projects.
- Leadership Roles: Senior logistics professionals typically hold titles such as supply chain manager, logistics director, and operations manager-positions usually situated at mid- to upper-management tiers. Executive roles include vice presidents of logistics or supply chain and chief supply chain officers, who lead company-wide strategies and operational oversight.
- Salary Premium: According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, logistics managers command median salaries exceeding $100,000 annually, markedly higher than individual contributors like logisticians who earn approximately $77,000. This wage differential reflects leadership responsibilities including budget oversight, coordination across multiple sites, and strategic initiatives that directly affect profitability and client satisfaction.
- Credentials and Experience: Reaching senior management often requires advanced credentials-commonly an MBA combined with certifications such as APICS CSCP. Career progression generally spans 7 to 15 years, incorporating diverse roles in procurement, distribution, and operational improvements before assuming leadership.
- Advancement Pathways: Professionals typically move from entry- or mid-level positions by gaining cross-functional expertise and leadership experience. Early-career certification and involvement in complex projects help secure supervisory roles within 3 to 5 years, followed by management positions within approximately a decade.
Strategic Career Decisions: Pursuing graduate education during early to mid-career enhances managerial skills and networking. Developing competencies in data analytics, financial management, and change leadership improves prospects for top-tier salaries. Prioritizing roles with broad operational responsibility prepares candidates for executive decision-making and the associated compensation benefits.
The logistics field is undergoing rapid transformation fueled by advances in technology, evolving regulations, and shifting market demands-giving rise to new, lucrative career paths expected to see significant growth within five to ten years.
- Supply Chain Data Scientist: Growing volumes of logistics data require specialists skilled in data analytics and predictive modeling to enhance operational efficiency. Educational programs are increasingly adding relevant courses to meet this demand.
- Last-Mile Delivery Specialist: The final step in delivery is critical as e-commerce expands. Innovations involving autonomous vehicles and drones are reshaping this area, prompting curriculum updates that incorporate automation and urban logistics planning.
- Green Logistics Manager: Sustainability efforts are creating positions focused on minimizing environmental impact in supply chains. Certifications and studies in sustainability and environmental policy are gaining prominence for students.
- Blockchain Supply Chain Analyst: Blockchain's potential to improve transparency and security generates demand for professionals trained through new micro-credentials and intensive boot camps.
- Global Trade Compliance Officer: Navigating complex international trade laws requires expertise in regulatory frameworks, supported by expanded coursework on global policies and risk management.
Logistics degree programs are evolving to integrate technology, sustainability, and regulatory content-preparing graduates for these emerging roles. However, investing in such specializations has risks due to uncertain market adoption schedules. Evaluating both early mover advantage and long-term viability is essential.
Students and professionals should actively track labor market insights from sources like Lightcast, Burning Glass, and LinkedIn Economic Graph, along with relevant professional associations. These avenues provide ongoing intelligence on emerging high-paying logistics occupations and aid in making informed career decisions aligned with compensation goals and risk tolerance.
What Graduates Say About the Highest-Paying Jobs You Can Get With a Logistics Degree
- Miller: "After completing my online logistics degree, I was amazed by the wage premium that comes with holding graduate credentials in this field-it's clear that companies truly value formal education. What truly stood out to me was how obtaining professional certifications boosted my salary even further, making the initial investment more than worthwhile. For anyone evaluating options, I'd say the return on investment of a logistics degree far surpasses many alternative career pathways I've seen."
- Emery: "Reflecting on my journey through the logistics program, I realize the industry's diversity plays a huge role in salary differences-working in tech versus manufacturing makes a noticeable impact. Geographic location also matters a lot; moving to a major metro area dramatically shifted my earning potential. These insights helped me make smarter career moves that steadily increased my income, validating the decision to prioritize education and certification."
- Gabriel: "My professional perspective after graduating with a degree in logistics is that certifications combined with a strong degree open doors to the highest-paying roles-especially in specialized sectors like aerospace and distribution management. The salary boost from licensure was a game-changer, proving that real credentials can't be overlooked. Comparing my outcomes to friends who took alternate routes confirmed how valuable formal education is for sustainable career growth."
Other Things You Should Know About Logistics Degrees
In 2027, salary variations for logistics graduates largely depend on factors such as geographic location, industry demand, level of experience, and specialization within logistics. Graduates in metropolitan areas and sectors like tech or pharmaceuticals typically earn more due to higher demand and cost of living.
Entrepreneurship allows logistics graduates to leverage their understanding of supply chains to start consulting firms, freight brokerage services, or transportation companies. Self-employment can significantly increase earning potential by removing salary caps found in corporate roles and enabling business growth based on market demand. However, success depends on factors such as market knowledge, capital investment, and networking skills within the logistics industry.
Employer type strongly influences logistics salaries. Private-sector companies-especially large manufacturers, retailers, and third-party logistics providers-tend to offer the highest pay and performance bonuses. Public-sector jobs may provide greater job security and benefits but often have lower base salaries. Nonprofit logistics roles typically focus on humanitarian or community services and offer more modest compensation, reflecting their organizational missions.
Internships and practicums provide valuable hands-on experience that makes graduates more attractive to employers. Candidates who complete relevant work placements often command higher starting salaries due to proven problem-solving skills and familiarity with industry software and procedures. Early work experience also facilitates quicker career advancement and access to specialized logistics roles with better pay.
- Transportation & Logistics Job Market Report https://www.huemanrpo.com/resources/blog/transportation-logistics-job-market-report
- Who Makes The Most Money In Logistics? https://ship6.com/blog/who-makes-the-most-money-in-logistics/
- High-Paying Jobs You Can Land After Completing a Logistics Course - Frontline Academy https://frontlineacademy.in/high-paying-jobs-you-can-land-after-completing-a-logistics-course/
- 7 Certifications That Will Boost Your Salary and Cost Less Than Your Car Payment https://finance.yahoo.com/news/7-certifications-boost-salary-cost-150035426.html
- How Do Certifications Influence Salary Increases? https://certiprof.com/blogs/news/how-do-certifications-influence-salary-increases
- Supply Chain and Logistics Career Paths: Explained https://www.logisticsbureau.com/jobs-and-career-paths-in-supply-chain-and-logistics/
- Highest paying logistics jobs in the UK https://haulageexchange.co.uk/blog/highest-paying-logistics-jobs-in-the-uk/
- Career Paths in Logistics: From Entry-Level to Management https://www.shippingcollege.com/blog/career-paths-in-logistics-from-entry-level-to-management
- Supply Chain Salaries by Experience Level 2026 | SCOPE Salary Guide https://www.scoperecruiting.com/blog/highest-paying-supply-chain-jobs-2026-salary-guide
- Answer: What Are The Highest Salary Jobs With A Logistics Degree? https://logisticsdegree.net/what-are-the-highest-salary-jobs-for-logistics-degree-holders/
