How to Write a Scope of Work: Examples & Templates

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Share

In project management, one would often hear the term "scope of work" (SoW) being used. Otherwise known as Statement of Work, this is an important aspect of a project. That is because it delineates the bounds of an undertaking. Its requirements, or how it is put into paper, can vary from one industry to another. But you can still use a scope of work example to guide you in preparing your own SoW document.

In this article, you can find out exactly what an SoW is, its core components, and some roadblocks you might face in writing one. You will also learn some general and industry-specific guidelines and some SoW examples that will help you craft a solid SoW. Moreover, with all the samples we prepared, you can download a scope of work document template suitable to your individual and organizational needs.

Write a Solid SoW Table of Contents

1. What is a Scope of Work?
2. Components of an SoW
3. Challenges Faced in Creating a Good SoW
4. How to Write a Good SoW
5. Scope of Work Examples
6. Key Benefits of a Strong SoW for Professional Growth
7. The Role of Technology in Streamlining Scope of Work (SoW) Creation and Management
8. How can I future-proof my Scope of Work?
9. What emerging trends are redefining Scope of Work strategies?
10. What are the legal considerations when drafting a Scope of Work?
11. How Can I Evaluate the Effectiveness of My Scope of Work?
12. How can targeted doctoral research refine Scope of Work strategies?
13. How do I ensure stakeholder alignment in my Scope of Work?
14. Enhancing Professional Competence Through Advanced Education
15. Can a fast track degree accelerate my project management career?

One of the top drivers of project success is the ability to control the project scope. According to the Project Management Institute (2018), managing the project scope well allows organizations to save money, drive customer satisfaction, and improve project benefits. By using iterative approaches and getting customer feedback, they can adjust to changes in the midst of a project and still achieve their objectives.

However, organizations also have to be wary of the increasingly common phenomenon of scope creep. In 2018, 52% of organizations surveyed by the Project Management Institute (PMI) report experiencing scope creep or uncontrolled project changes in the past 12 months. Five years ago, only 43% of companies agreed with this statement, which makes it a significant increase (PMI, 2018). One of the ways to improve this is by having clear-cut descriptions and an aptly categorized scope of work format.

What is a Scope of Work?

The Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) originally defines a Statement of Work as “a narrative description of products or services to be supplied under contract.” However, this definition only looks at the SoW from the side of the client and disregards what the contractor is required to do to deliver its products or services. Thus, Martin (1998) proposed an expanded definition: “a narrative description of the products and services to be supplied to a client, as well as a description of the contractor's needs and requirements to properly perform the delivery of such products and services under contract.”

A statement of work is created after a contractor closes a sale but before he starts to work for the client (TemplateLab, n.d.). The SoW is like a map that guides both parties on what is included and not included in a project (Aston, 2020). A well-written SoW helps you avoid confusion and miscommunication with clients over project deliverables. It also helps you avoid scope creep, or when there are additional requests for work outside the project scope (MacKay, 2018). It is direct and easily understandable, not a windy essay answering what is a thesis or something similar.

Components of an SoW

Though they may vary by industry, a good scope of work template will have the following key elements:

• Objectives. This section spells out what you want to achieve in the project in reasonable and measurable terms (TemplateLab, n.d.). It may discuss a general overview of project goals or delve into specific improvements that will come as a result of the project. Most importantly, it answers why you or your team is pursuing this project. According to PMI, a change in project objectives is the second top cause of project failure, so identifying these at the outset is critical.
• Scope. This section defines what deliverables are included and not included in the project. It can include a high-level list of tasks needed to complete the work.
• Deliverables. Whether you are providing a product or service, the SoW should clearly identify the expected output (Bridges, 2019). It should include the technical specifications of the deliverables, though the level of detail will depend on how complex the project is (Brighthub, 2011).
• Schedule. This section details start and end dates and project duration, as well as when deliverables are due (MBO Partners, 2019). It includes the important milestones to be reached at every stage, like project kick-off, development, implementation, testing, and project closure (Smartsheet, n.d.). One way to present this is to use Gantt charts to visualize high-level milestones.
• Payment. This part of the SoW addresses when invoices will be paid: whether weekly, monthly, or once certain timeframes pass or deliverables are accomplished. Payment models like retainers, fixed pricing, or time-and-materials pricing should also be discussed in this section.
• Price. This portion talks about the components behind the project cost such as costs of goods and labor, overhead costs, pricing assumptions, and the like. If there is a certain percentage to be paid as a deposit and upon completion of the project, it should also state so in this section.
• Acceptance. Requirements for inspection, validation, and testing are spelled out in this section (Udemy, n.d.).  It should include the client sign-off process and include spaces for the client’s and business representative’s signature. This part of the SoW turns the document into a legally binding contract that is enforceable in courts.

Challenges Faced in Creating a Good SoW

• Scope creep. Poorly defined project goals and requirements can lead the client to make additional change requests on the assumption that such change is included in the project scope (Mujeeb, n.d.). When unaccounted for, scope creep leads to prolonged timelines and additional costs (Kissflow, 2020).
• Lack of risk management procedures. Project managers should proactively have contingency measures in place to prevent risks from becoming issues. A risk management framework is essential to effective project management as it helps teams to identify risk and respond to them. As a result, project deviations are minimized, if not eliminated (Lavanya & Malarvizhi, 2008).
• Lack of skills. Sometimes, team members do not have certain skills, such as the ability to help write a well-written SoW. This will certainly slow down the progress of your project planning (IBQMI, n.d.). It can also affect how you write a project plan fast. Thus, it’s important for project managers to assess the competencies of team members (FutureLearn, n.d.).
• Lack of originality. Plagiarism in this context refers to the act of copying or using someone else's work, ideas, or content without proper attribution or permission. When it comes to creating a scope of work, which outlines the objectives, deliverables, and requirements of a project, plagiarism can have serious consequences and can lead to a loss of credibility, legal issues, and damage to professional relationships. Additionally, plagiarism undermines the integrity of the document and hinders the originality and innovation that should be reflected in a well-crafted scope of work. To mitigate the risk of plagiarism, it is crucial for individuals involved in writing a scope of work to conduct thorough research, properly attribute sources, and use plagiarism detection tools such as a good plagiarism checker to ensure the document is authentic and free from any copied content.

How to Write a Good SoW

• Get the whole team involved. It takes teamwork to craft a useful SoW, so it would be best to get input from the team members who will be on board the project (C&C Site Development, n.d.). Getting them involved helps to get their buy-in and establishes a collaborative working environment (Teamwork, n.d.). To build a close relationship with your members, try having team building games.
• Give specific, thorough descriptions of the project scope, requirements, and objectives. When writing an SoW, it is crucial not to leave room for interpretation as this might cause confusion once the project starts. Take the time to write descriptions of functions and processes completely and carefully.
• Write clear, concise statements. General business writing rules also apply to making an SoW. Use the active voice and eliminate unnecessary words. Write the document in an actionable tone and in a language that will be easy for stakeholders and team members to understand (Lohrey, n.d.).
• Assess project failure or success with benchmarks. Before you start the project, decide how success and failure look like by establishing benchmarks. These quantitative and qualitative measurements help you assess whether the work performed is acceptable according to standards. These also tie the project with the goals and acceptance criteria you have set elsewhere in the SoW. Further, this part is essential because it is one of the roles and responsibilities of a successful project manager.
• Use simple words. Get to the point right away, which will help you steer clear of miscommunication. Use simple sentence structure and don’t use jargon (Status.net, n.d.).

Scope of Work Examples

Though a Scope of Work has recurring sections, one might have to tweak the document a bit to fit the needs of clients based on their industry. As such, we present six different types along with a sample scope of work template for each.

Services 

A simple scope of work example would be one for the services industry. Service providers can either use a performance-based SoW or one that sets rates based on effort or time or materials or units. When making service-oriented SoWs, make sure to specify the performance design and requirements and the work product the client is expected to receive from the provider (Luther, n.d.). For example, if you provide graphic design services, it should state the format and how it is to be delivered to the client. On the other hand, if you provide training, the SoW should discuss total training hours, frequency, assessment methods, and results.

Project Management

Project management is a dynamic field. Hence, the example of scope of work for this industry should provide a good enough structure to get work done while also establishing controls on how to manage changes along the way (Smartsheet, n.d.). In addition, you can include a reporting section, which details how you will communicate updates with stakeholders and how frequently this will be done (Bridges, 2019).

IT and Software Development

Since IT touches many aspects of the organization, managing IT projects is particularly difficult. For these projects, failure comes at a high price. Based on a survey of 1,471 IT change initiatives, the Harvard Business Review found that one in six IT projects had a cost overrun of 200%, and a schedule overrun of around 70% (Flyvbjerg & Budzier, 2011). Considering that the average cost of a project is $167 million, one can only imagine the huge financial losses of a project gone awry.

To manage complex IT projects, you might have to divide the acceptance criteria for IT and software development projects into functional and non-functional requirements. The former identifies the technical details of how the software, hardware, and system should function. On the other hand, non-functional requirements include other aspects such as performance, security, maintenance, and configuration (Smartsheet, n.d.).

Like with other SoW types, you need to clearly spell out what is included and not included in the project. For example, if you will provide front-end and back-end software development, the SoW must clearly state that you will be working as a full-stack developer (Bonsai, n.d.). In this regard, Pratt (2006) points out that collaborating with internal and external stakeholders is crucial. Drafting the SoW should involve the client and vendor working together to ensure that project deliverables and goals are well understood and expressed.

Government

The U.S. government frequently requires a statement of work instead of a scope of work. Though both are referred to as the SoW, they have distinct meanings.

A scope of work is part of a request for proposal where a government agency describes its needs and desired outcomes for a particular procurement. On the other hand, a statement of work describes the obligations of the parties as they have agreed to in the contract (State of Oregon, 2018).

The level of detail in a Statement of Work will depend on what SoW type is being used. For example, functional or performance-based SoWs allow contractors to have flexibility in their approach to accomplishing tasks. In contrast, design-based SoWs are more stringent as it prescribes both the results and the method contractors must use to accomplish said results (State of Oregon, 2018). In addition, contractors might also be required to provide a Work Breakdown Structure and extra SoW sections that deal with privacy and security, quality assurance, Federal Acquisition Regulation solicitation provisions, and more (Smartsheet, n.d.).

Construction

Aside from the usual SoW components, one might also want to include visual models in an SoW for a construction project. This way, all subcontractors involved know what the project will look like at every milestone (Maczko, 2019).Since construction projects can take months to complete, it will also help to break down the scope of work in smaller chunks. Begin in general terms, then create sections for each level of work (LetsBuild, n.d.). In addition, have each subcontractor sign off on the SoW every time you reach a milestone or objective. This ensures they understand their obligations, and, thus prevents disputes from happening (Benarroche, 2020).

Marketing

Before writing the SoW, conduct research about your client. Learn about the client’s market, target audience, and competitors. Find out what they want to accomplish and the challenges they are facing. This will help you formulate the overall strategy for the marketing project (Christensen, 2017).

As with any SoW, having measurable goals in terms of key performance indicators (KPIs) provide clarity on what the parties want to achieve. Common marketing KPIs include conversion rates, return on investment (ROI), and customer value. If standard KPIs are not applicable, you can always tailor specific metrics to the SoW (Skipor 2018). Marketing campaigns tend to be time-sensitive, so it will also be helpful to establish service level agreements (SLAs) and the associated penalties if those SLAs are not met (Baston, 2014).

Key Benefits of a Strong SoW for Professional Growth

A well-crafted Scope of Work (SoW) not only ensures the success of a project but also significantly contributes to the professional development of the individuals involved. By mastering the art of creating detailed and precise SoWs, professionals can enhance their skills in project management, communication, and negotiation, all of which are essential for career advancement.

• Project Management Skills: Writing a clear SoW hones the ability to define project goals, timelines, and deliverables, crucial for effective project management and leadership roles.
• Improved Communication: Developing a SoW requires clear, concise communication, strengthening skills that are transferable across various industries.
• Increased Accountability: A well-defined SoW holds all parties accountable for specific deliverables, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility in the professional.
• Career Advancement Opportunities: Professionals who demonstrate strong SoW writing skills are often sought after for higher-level roles, as they show expertise in managing complex projects and meeting client expectations.
• Industry Recognition: Mastering SoW development can lead to recognition within your industry, positioning you as a key player capable of steering projects toward success.

For those looking to further enhance their career opportunities, pursuing education in high-demand fields can provide an edge. Consider exploring college degrees that pay well to position yourself for long-term professional growth and financial success.

The Role of Technology in Streamlining Scope of Work (SoW) Creation and Management

How Technology Enhances SoW Creation

Modern project management relies heavily on technology to improve efficiency, reduce errors, and foster collaboration. Scope of Work (SoW) documents, a cornerstone of project success, can benefit significantly from various technological tools and platforms. Here’s how:

1. Automating Template Creation

• Benefit: Many software tools provide customizable SoW templates tailored to specific industries. These templates include pre-defined sections, reducing the time spent on formatting and structuring.
• Examples:
  • Smartsheet: Offers drag-and-drop functionality for building SoWs with Gantt charts and task dependencies.
  • Microsoft Word/Excel with Add-ons: Plugins like PandaDoc help create polished, client-ready SoWs.

2. Enhancing Collaboration and Feedback

• Benefit: Cloud-based platforms enable real-time collaboration among team members, ensuring all stakeholders can contribute to the SoW. Changes are tracked, and feedback is seamlessly integrated.
• Examples:
  • Google Workspace: Allows shared editing with version control.
  • Asana and Trello: Integrate SoW drafting with task assignments, so deliverables are mapped directly to project milestones.

3. Reducing Errors with AI-Powered Tools

• Benefit: Artificial Intelligence (AI) can flag inconsistencies, detect gaps, and even suggest improvements to the SoW's language, ensuring clarity and professionalism.
• Examples:
  • Grammarly: Ensures concise and error-free writing.
  • ChatGPT Plugins: Help refine scope definitions and generate structured outlines for SoWs.

4. Managing Scope Changes (Preventing Scope Creep)

• Benefit: Technology helps monitor project progress against the initial scope and flags deviations early. Automated notifications ensure timely reviews and approvals.
• Examples:
  • Jira: Tracks scope changes and aligns them with project deliverables.
  • Monday.com: Visual dashboards highlight tasks that stray from the original SoW.

5. Storing and Reusing SoW Documents

• Benefit: Digital storage solutions centralize past SoWs, making them easily retrievable for future projects. Reusing elements of successful SoWs saves time and maintains consistency.
• Examples:
  • Dropbox and Google Drive: Organize SoWs with tags and shared folders.
  • Notion: Combines storage with collaboration features, perfect for revisiting previous SoWs.

Key Technologies for SoW Management

Here’s a quick overview of popular tools that can revolutionize SoW creation:

ToolFeaturesWrikeTask management and SoW tracking with built-in templates.PandaDocStreamlines SoW drafting, signatures, and contract management.ClickUpCombines task management, SoW collaboration, and automated reporting.Zoho ProjectsProvides document management and real-time team collaboration.DocuSignEnsures secure e-signatures for SoW approvals, turning drafts into contracts.

How Technology Improves SoW Outcomes

By integrating technology, teams can:

• Increase Accuracy: Automated checks minimize errors in critical sections like payment terms or deliverables.
• Enhance Collaboration: Stakeholders can easily contribute, review, and approve.
• Save Time: Reusable templates and automation eliminate repetitive tasks.
• Track Progress: Digital dashboards provide a visual overview of SoW milestones and completion.

How can I future-proof my Scope of Work?

Regularly review and refine your Scope of Work by incorporating lessons learned from completed projects, adjusting deliverables to evolving market demands, and aligning the document with updated industry practices. Establish clear performance indicators and feedback loops to assess effectiveness and address emerging risks. Leverage agile digital platforms for real-time revisions and enhanced stakeholder collaboration. For continuous professional growth, consider supplementing your expertise with targeted educational opportunities, such as cheap online degrees fast, to stay current with best practices and innovative project management methodologies.

What emerging trends are redefining Scope of Work strategies?

Emerging trends in project management are reshaping how a Scope of Work is developed and executed. Innovations in agile methodologies, real-time data analytics, and digital collaboration tools are enabling project managers to refine deliverable specifications and proactively manage risks. With the growing integration of AI-driven insights and automated document management systems, teams can customize and adapt SoW processes to meet evolving industry standards. Additionally, professionals are increasingly pursuing interdisciplinary training to enhance strategic planning and compliance acumen. For those targeting career advancement, aligning expertise with these emerging trends through advanced qualifications—such as the highest paying masters degrees—can provide a significant competitive edge.

What are the legal considerations when drafting a Scope of Work?

Ensure your Scope of Work adheres to current legal and regulatory standards by incorporating clear contractual terms, dispute resolution procedures, and intellectual property rights. Address confidentiality, liability, and compliance with industry-specific regulations without ambiguity. Consultation with legal professionals during the drafting process can mitigate risks associated with misinterpretation or non-compliance, thereby protecting stakeholder interests and project deliverables. For academic insights on aligning legal frameworks with practical competencies, review our curated list of competency-based colleges.

How Can I Evaluate the Effectiveness of My Scope of Work?

To ensure your Scope of Work remains a robust document throughout the project lifecycle, it is essential to employ a systematic approach for performance evaluation. Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) that directly reflect project objectives and deliverables, such as adherence to timelines, budget compliance, and stakeholder satisfaction. Regular audits and post-milestone reviews can help identify deviations early, allowing for timely adjustments. Additionally, integrating real-time feedback systems can enhance visibility over project progress, ensuring that any changes in scope are promptly addressed. Leveraging advanced educational programs can further refine these evaluation skills—consider exploring the fastest associate degree to enhance strategic decision-making and continuous improvement practices.

How can targeted doctoral research refine Scope of Work strategies?

Advanced research methodologies can provide project managers with a deeper analytical framework for developing and refining Scope of Work documents. Leveraging doctoral-level studies enables professionals to systematically evaluate project data, incorporate validated best practices, and introduce innovation in document structuring. These insights help in identifying critical performance metrics and risk mitigation strategies that are not immediately apparent through conventional experience. For professionals aiming to bridge theory and practice, exploring the easiest doctoral degree can be a strategic move to enhance both academic and practical competencies in Scope of Work optimization.

How do I ensure stakeholder alignment in my Scope of Work?

Clearly defined roles and iterative feedback are essential to align all stakeholders. Establish detailed communication protocols and set measurable deliverables to minimize ambiguity and streamline decision-making. Utilize structured review sessions to integrate diverse insights and adjust expectations in real time. Advancing your project management skills through focused educational programs such as one year online masters degree programs can further enhance your ability to maintain robust stakeholder alignment throughout the project lifecycle.

Enhancing Professional Competence Through Advanced Education

Professional competence in drafting a solid Scope of Work (SoW) extends far beyond the immediate context of project management; it resonates with the broader landscape of career development. Individuals equipped with advanced knowledge and skills in SoW formulation often find themselves excelling in roles that demand precision, collaboration, and strategic foresight. However, staying competitive in today’s professional environment often requires continuous upskilling and formal education.

For those aiming to step up their educational pursuits without incurring significant expenses, considering the cheapest masters degree programs can be a strategic move. Advanced degrees focused on project management, business administration, or even specialized technical fields provide professionals with the tools and frameworks needed to effectively create and oversee comprehensive SoWs across diverse industries.

Moreover, leveraging the knowledge gained from such programs equips professionals with an enhanced ability to communicate effectively with stakeholders, adapt to emerging challenges, and implement cutting-edge technologies in scope management. As the marketplace continues to evolve, those with higher educational credentials are better positioned not only to lead critical initiatives but also to mentor others in achieving organizational objectives.

Setting Your Project Up for Success

No matter the industry or the project type, a well-written SoW helps steer the project on the path to success. Make sure to cover all your bases and include important details around deliverables, schedules, project scope, objectives, payment, price, and acceptance. While drafting the SoW, follow basic business writing guidelines like writing clear, simple, and concise statements. In addition, include specific terms and measurable goals. By following these, you can overcome common SoW obstacles like scope creep and project risks. It is also important to adhere to the research proposal structure when developing a research project. The structure typically includes sections such as the introduction, background and literature review, research objectives and questions, methodology, expected outcomes and significance, timeline, and budget. Each section plays a crucial role in presenting a comprehensive and well-organized research proposal that outlines the project's scope, objectives, and methodology. Adhering to the research proposal structure ensures clarity, coherence, and consistency in presenting the research project to evaluators or reviewers.

Key Insights

• Definition and Purpose of SoW: A Scope of Work (SoW), or Statement of Work, delineates the bounds of a project, outlining what is included and excluded, thus serving as a guide for both clients and contractors.
• Core Components: Essential elements of an SoW include objectives, scope, deliverables, schedule, payment terms, pricing details, and acceptance criteria.
• Challenges in Creating SoW: Common issues include scope creep, lack of risk management procedures, insufficient team skills, and plagiarism risks.
• Importance of Managing Project Scope: Effective scope management saves money, improves customer satisfaction, and enhances project benefits, while uncontrolled changes (scope creep) can lead to project failures.
• Industry-Specific Guidelines: Different industries have specific needs for SoWs, such as IT, government, construction, marketing, and services, each requiring tailored templates and considerations.
• Writing Tips: Involve the whole team, provide thorough descriptions, use clear and concise language, set benchmarks for success, and use simple words to avoid miscommunication.

Can a fast track degree accelerate my project management career?

Professionals seeking to enhance their ability to create precise and comprehensive Scopes of Work can benefit from accelerated educational programs. These fast-paced courses focus on integrating theoretical principles with real-world applications—enabling individuals to quickly master agile methodologies, risk management strategies, and modern digital collaboration tools essential for efficient project delivery. Leveraging such streamlined learning paths not only accelerates professional growth but also equips practitioners with contemporary skills that align with current industry demands. Explore how a fast track degree can serve as a catalyst for advancing your project management career while addressing evolving project complexities.

FAQ

What is the difference between a Scope of Work and a Statement of Work?

The terms are often used interchangeably, but in some contexts, a Scope of Work describes the boundaries and deliverables of a project, while a Statement of Work includes contractual obligations and detailed requirements from both the client and contractor.

Why is a Scope of Work important in project management?

A well-defined SoW helps avoid misunderstandings, sets clear expectations, and prevents scope creep, which can lead to project delays and additional costs.

What are the main components that should be included in a Scope of Work?

Key components include project objectives, scope, deliverables, schedule, payment terms, pricing, and acceptance criteria.

How can scope creep be managed effectively?

To manage scope creep, ensure clear project goals and requirements from the outset, involve all stakeholders in planning, and establish a process for handling change requests.

What are some common challenges faced when creating a Scope of Work?

Challenges include poorly defined goals, lack of risk management, insufficient skills within the team, and the risk of plagiarism.

How should one approach writing a Scope of Work for different industries?

Each industry has specific needs. For instance, IT projects require detailed technical and non-technical requirements, while construction projects benefit from visual models and milestone sign-offs by subcontractors.

What are some best practices for writing a clear and effective Scope of Work?

Use clear, concise language; involve the whole team; provide specific descriptions; avoid jargon; and establish benchmarks to measure project success.

How can a Scope of Work help in preventing project failures?

By clearly outlining objectives, deliverables, and acceptance criteria, a SoW helps ensure that all parties have a mutual understanding of project expectations, reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings and project failures.

What should be included in the payment and pricing sections of a Scope of Work?

These sections should detail payment schedules, models (e.g., fixed pricing, time-and-materials), costs (goods, labor, overhead), and any deposit requirements.

How can team involvement benefit the creation of a Scope of Work?

Involving the team ensures that all perspectives are considered, fosters collaboration, and increases buy-in, which can lead to a more comprehensive and accurate SoW.

References:

• Aston, B. (2020, July 27). Write a statement of work the easy way (+ template). The Digital Project Manager.
• Baston, V. (2014, March 31). Contents of a thorough marketing statement of work. Strategic Sourceror.
• Benarroche, A. (2020, March 3). Scope of work: clearly defining the construction project. Levelset.
• Bridges, J. (2019, November 12). How to write a scope of work (example included). ProjectManager.com.
• Bright Hub PM (2011, January 13). Main elements of a scope of work document. BrightHubPM.com.
• Bonsai (n.d.). SOW for Software Development. HelloBonsai.com.
• Christensen, D. (2017, February 10). How to write a scope of work for a marketing project. LinkedIn.com.
• C&C Site Development (n.d.). General Guidelines for Writing an SOW. C&CSiteDevelopment.com.
• FutureLearn. (n.d.). Challenges of project management. FutureLearn.com.
• Flyvbjerg, B. & Budzier, A. (September 2011). Why your IT project may be riskier than you think. Harvard Business Review.
• IBQMI (n.d.). Five challenges faced by project managers. IBQMI News.
• Kissflow (2020, July 14). 9 project management challenges and how to overcome them. Kissflow.com.
• MacKay, J. (2018, September 6). 9 steps to write a scope of work (SOW) for any project and industry. Planio.io.
• Maczko, B. (2019, December 4). How to write a scope of work for a construction project. eSUB.com.
• Martin, M. G. (1998). Statement of work: the foundation for delivering successful service projects. PM Network, 12 (10), 54–57. PMI
• MBO Partners (2019, October 9). SOW: What to include in a project scope of work. MBO Partners.
• Mujeeb, Q. (n.d.). Scope management: Challenges for SMEs. PMWorld 360 Magazine.
• Lavanya, N. & Malarvizhi, T. (2008). Risk analysis and management: a vital key to effective project management. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress 2008—Asia Pacific, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute.
• LetsBuild (n.d.). What is scope of work in construction? LetsBuild.com.
• Lohrey, J. (n.d.). How to write a scope of work performed. Chron.
• Luther, C. (n.d.). How to Write a scope of services agreement. Chron.
• Pratt, M. (2006, May 22). How to write a statement of work. Computerworld.
• Project Management Institute (February 2018). Pulse of the Profession 2018. Newtown Square, PA: PMI.
• Skipor, E. (2018, October 22). The 4 key elements of a marketing statement of work. Thomasnet.com.
• Smartsheet (n.d.). How to Write a Statement of Work for Any Industry. Bellevue, WA: Smartsheet.
• DAS Procurement Services (2018, April 2). Statement of Work (SoW) Writing Guide. Salem, OR: State of Oregon.
• Status (n.d.). How to write scope of work – 7 necessary steps and 6 best practices. Status.net.
• Teamwork (n.d.). How to create a project management plan that actually works. Teamwork.com.
• TemplateLab (n.d.). 30 ready-to-use scope of work templates & examples. TemplateLab.com.
• Udemy (n.d.). Scope of work example: Guidelines to prepare an effective contract. Udemy Blog.