Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in Montana for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Pursuing a career as a substitute teacher in Montana offers flexibility and the chance to make a real difference in classrooms statewide. With a growing need for qualified substitutes, there are consistent opportunities to support students in diverse schools and communities.

Beyond its practical benefits, substitute teaching lets individuals build valuable experience across grade levels and subjects. This guide explains the key licensing requirements and steps, helping future substitutes navigate the process clearly and confidently.

Key Points About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Montana

Montana requires substitute teachers to hold at least a high school diploma, complete a background check, and obtain a substitute teaching license through the Office of Public Instruction.
The job outlook for substitute teachers in Montana is steady, with rural districts especially valuing flexible educators to bridge classroom gaps and maintain educational continuity.
Average salaries in Montana typically range around $100 per day, making the state a practical starting point for educators pursuing diverse classroom experience.

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Montana?
What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in Montana?
How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Montana?
How do substitute teachers receive assignments in Montana districts?
Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in Montana?
How much do substitute teachers make in Montana?
What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in Montana?
What professional development opportunities are available for substitute teachers in Montana?
How Can I Jump Start My Substitute Teaching Career in Montana?
What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in Montana?
What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Montana?
What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in Montana?
Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teaching License & Requirements In Montana

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Montana?

Becoming a substitute teacher in Montana involves meeting locally defined criteria, as the state does not issue a centralized substitute license. Each school district sets its standards, so understanding these expectations is essential.

Below are the typical requirements to become a substitute teacher in Montana:

Bachelor’s Degree Requirement: Most districts require applicants to hold at least a bachelor’s degree to ensure a strong educational background. Pursuing a teaching degree online can be a flexible and accessible way to meet this requirement.
District Application Process: You must apply directly to individual school districts, as each one manages its own hiring procedures, forms, and qualifications.
Online Substitute Training: If you do not have a teaching license, you are required to complete a three-hour online training provided by the Office of Public Instruction (OPI).
Criminal Background Check: A fingerprint-based background check is mandatory to ensure the safety of students and compliance with district policies.
Licensing for Long-Term Assignments: Teaching for 30 or more consecutive days requires a full Montana teaching license, which may include passing the Praxis exam.
Educational Pathways: While a bachelor’s degree is generally expected, some districts offer flexibility. Local programs may help guide you through alternative paths.

What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in Montana?

Montana offers multiple substitute teaching permits to accommodate candidates with varying educational backgrounds and professional goals. These permits ensure that schools can maintain classroom continuity while also providing flexible pathways for individuals to gain teaching experience.

Below are the primary types of substitute teaching permits available in the state:

Emergency Substitute Permit: This permit is for individuals with at least 60 college credits but no formal teaching license. It is used during staffing shortages or other urgent situations.
Standard Substitute Permit: Issued to those who already possess a valid Montana teaching license or a comparable license from another state, allowing full substitute teaching privileges without emergency constraints.
Restricted Substitute Permit: Designed for individuals with limited educational credentials or those in teacher preparation programs. This permit includes specific limitations on assignment length and teaching scope.
Long-Term Substitute Permit: Required for substitutes filling a position over an extended duration, such as during a leave of absence. It typically requires a higher level of qualification and compliance with local district policies.

Understanding these permits also helps highlight the different types of employers that hire substitute teachers across Montana and the United States, as shown below.

How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Montana?

Renewing a substitute teaching permit in Montana depends on the type of credential held. The state differentiates between provisional permits and full teaching licenses, with distinct rules guiding each renewal process.

Below are the primary steps for substitute teaching permit renewal in Montana:

Identify Your License Type: Class 5 licenses are provisional and non-renewable, valid for up to three years. However, Class 1 and Class 2 licenses often held by fully certified teachers are renewable every five years.
Fulfill Professional Development Requirements: To renew Class 1 or 2 licenses, educators must complete 60 Professional Development Units (PDUs) or a combination of PDUs and college credits within the five-year period.
Use the TeachMT Online Portal: Renewal applications must be submitted through the TeachMT system, which facilitates uploading documentation and tracking application status.
Adhere to the Plan of Professional Intent (PPI): Class 5 license holders must complete the PPI signed upon issuance if they intend to upgrade their license.
Pursue Continuing Education: PDUs can be earned through approved courses, including online graduate-level options, with 3-credit courses typically counting for 45 PDUs.

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How do substitute teachers receive assignments in Montana districts?

Entering the substitute teaching workforce in Montana involves a structured yet flexible process. School districts across the state use a mix of technology and local procedures to ensure that classrooms are supported by qualified professionals.

Below are the primary steps and systems used to assign substitute teaching positions:

Application and Eligibility: Prospective substitutes must complete a formal application, pass a background check, and, in some cases, submit fingerprints. Licensed educators must also provide a valid Montana Educator License.
Registration and Onboarding: Once approved, substitutes are added to the district’s payroll and given access to digital platforms such as Frontline (formerly Aesop), which manage assignments.
Assignment Notification: Substitutes receive automated alerts through phone calls, texts, or emails when jobs become available. Timely responses are expected to secure placements.
Scheduling and Availability: Substitutes can set availability preferences within the system, allowing for greater control over their workdays and reducing scheduling conflicts.
Assignment Acceptance and Management: Each accepted job includes essential details about the school, teacher, and classroom. The system tracks acceptance history to support district planning.
Technology at the Core: Assignment platforms streamline communication, job offers, and roster management for both large districts and smaller communities.
Priority and Preferred Lists: Districts often maintain preferred substitute lists, giving early access to the most reliable and consistent individuals.
Regional Nuances: While urban areas rely on automation, rural districts may use direct calls or emails. Policies and fees can also differ by county.

This context helps explain the different strategies public schools use to cover classes during staff shortages, as shown below.

Public schools cover classes during shortages.

Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in Montana?

Substitute teaching can serve as a meaningful pathway to a full-time teaching position in Montana. Below are key ways in which subbing supports this professional transition.

Building Experience and Network: Substitute teaching provides exposure to classroom dynamics while allowing substitutes to form relationships with teachers and administrators. These connections often lead to permanent opportunities.
Professional Development Opportunities: Attending district workshops and training sessions shows initiative and improves instructional skills. Districts value this engagement when evaluating candidates for full-time roles.
Familiarizing with District Policies: Understanding local hiring practices, curriculum standards, and certification requirements helps substitutes stand out during the application process. It signals readiness and alignment with district expectations.
Formal Licensure Process: Moving into a full-time position requires meeting Montana's licensure requirements. This may include completing additional coursework or obtaining endorsements beyond substitute qualifications.

How much do substitute teachers make in Montana?

Substitute teacher pay in Montana varies based on several important factors. While many substitute teachers earn between $15 and $21 per hour, full-day rates typically range from $130 to $140. These figures can fluctuate depending on credentials, location, and district-specific policies. Below are the key factors that influence substitute teacher salaries in Montana:

Location and Local Policies: Urban districts like Billings and Bozeman often offer higher wages due to increased demand and cost of living.
Credential Type: Substitute teachers with a valid teaching certificate or a bachelor’s degree generally earn more than those without formal credentials. Understanding different education degree types can help candidates choose the right path to enhance their qualifications and earning potential.
District and Assignment Type: Each district sets its own pay rates. Certified and non-certified substitutes may receive different daily or hourly rates.
Length and Nature of Assignment: Long-term or specialized assignments can lead to higher pay, especially when covering extended teacher absences.
Annual and City-to-City Differences: Cities like Billings report hourly wages around $19.99, leading to annual earnings over $41,000 for consistent full-time work.

What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in Montana?

Montana presents a strong job outlook for substitute teachers due to widespread educator shortages and the unique challenges of serving rural communities. Below are the key factors contributing to this demand:

Rural and Remote Districts: With 61% of Montana’s schools located in rural or remote regions, many districts depend heavily on substitute teachers to cover core and specialized subjects. These schools often struggle to attract and retain full-time educators.
Great Falls Public Schools (GFPS): Facing persistent shortages, GFPS has raised pay and introduced new incentives to ensure substitute teachers are available when needed.
Helena Public Schools: The district uses active recruitment strategies and automated alerts to maintain a reliable substitute pool, especially during staff absences.
Statewide Vacancy and Turnover: Montana has over 440 unfilled teaching positions, and about 9% of educators leave the profession each year. This turnover heightens the need for substitutes across the state.
Emergency Authorization Trends: The number of emergency teaching authorizations has more than doubled since 2022, increasing from 134 to 311. This reflects a growing reliance on substitutes, particularly in underserved areas.
Hard-to-Fill Subject Areas: Nearly 62% of teaching subjects are difficult to staff with certified teachers, making substitutes essential to classroom continuity.

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What professional development opportunities are available for substitute teachers in Montana?

Substitute teachers in Montana can pursue various professional development avenues designed to boost instructional skills and classroom management techniques. Districts frequently host in-service training, reflective workshops, and digital literacy seminars that keep substitutes abreast of the latest educational strategies. Moreover, targeted online courses offer structured learning paths, enabling substitutes to refine pedagogical methods while earning continuing education credits. Consider reviewing types of teaching certifications and requirements in Montana to explore additional credentialing options and specialized training opportunities.

How Can I Jump Start My Substitute Teaching Career in Montana?

Substitute teachers aiming to advance their careers can implement targeted strategies to secure long-term success. Building a network with local educators, leveraging mentorship opportunities, and participating in specialized training programs are effective methods. Staying informed on district-level policy updates and emerging classroom management techniques also contributes to professional growth. For detailed procedural guidance and career-specific steps, refer to how to become a substitute teacher in Montana.

What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in Montana?

Substitute teachers in Montana are expected to uphold a high standard of professional ethics. These principles help foster safe, inclusive, and respectful learning environments. Below are the key ethical responsibilities substitutes are expected to follow:

Championing Student Well-Being: Substitutes prioritize the safety, emotional health, and academic success of every student. Their decisions should always reflect this commitment.
Guarding Confidentiality: Student information must be kept private unless disclosure is required by law. Protecting student privacy is a professional obligation.
Ensuring Fairness and Respect: All students must be treated equitably, regardless of background or ability. Substitutes must uphold the dignity of students, parents, and colleagues.
Creating Safe and Inclusive Spaces: Substitutes foster welcoming classrooms where all students feel valued. Encouraging curiosity and participation is essential.
Maintaining Professional Boundaries: Interactions with students and staff should remain respectful and appropriate. Boundaries must be clear at all times.
Adhering to District and State Policies: Substitutes must follow all rules regarding conduct, attendance, and responsibilities. Compliance reflects professionalism.
Using Technology Responsibly: Ethical use of digital tools is required, including responsible social media behavior.
Reporting Concerns: Substitutes must report unsafe or unethical conduct to protect students.
Stewarding Public Resources: Time and materials should be used wisely. This shows respect for public investment.
Fostering Positive School Relations: Professional conduct with staff, families, and students supports trust and collaboration.

What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Montana?

Substitute teachers in Montana enjoy a variety of benefits that reflect the state’s commitment to supporting flexible, skilled educators. Below are the key advantages that come with substitute teaching in Montana:

Flexible Work Schedules: Substitutes can select assignments that align with their availability, making this role ideal for those seeking part-time or adaptable work arrangements.
Competitive Daily Pay Rates: Many districts offer structured pay scales, with licensed substitutes earning higher daily rates that increase with assignment duration or frequency.
Incentive and Bonus Programs: Some districts provide attendance-based bonuses, such as a $400 incentive for consistent service within specific timeframes, to encourage reliability.
Access to Professional Development: Substitutes can participate in training sessions focused on instructional strategies, classroom management, and educational technologies.
Retirement System Eligibility: Those who work 210 hours or more may qualify for the Montana Teachers’ Retirement System, gaining long-term financial planning benefits.
Pathways to Long-Term Employment: Reliable substitutes are often considered for permanent teaching positions, providing a gateway to full-time educational careers.
Workload and Insurance Considerations: Substitutes who work up to 130 hours monthly may qualify for limited insurance benefits, with expanded coverage possible for long-term roles.

For those wondering how long does it take to get an EdD, Montana’s substitute teaching benefits add practical value beyond just the classroom experience, supporting both professional development and work-life balance.

The proportion of substitutes in 2023 planned to continue teaching next year.

What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in Montana?

Substitute teachers in Montana often face a range of obstacles that can impact their effectiveness and job satisfaction. Below are the most common challenges encountered in districts across the state:

Critical Substitute Shortages: Districts such as Kalispell and Bigfork report having less than half their typical substitute pool, resulting in frequent unfilled positions and classroom coverage gaps.
Erratic Scheduling: Substitutes regularly deal with last-minute notifications or cancellations due to inconsistent scheduling systems, creating uncertainty and added stress.
Minimal Training and Orientation: Many substitutes receive limited or no formal training, leaving them unprepared to navigate district policies or manage classroom dynamics effectively.
Classroom Control Difficulties: Lacking established authority with students, substitutes often face elevated behavioral challenges that hinder lesson delivery and engagement.
Absence of Benefits and Stability: Most substitute positions are part-time and do not include health insurance, paid leave, or retirement benefits, limiting long-term viability.
Variable Pay and Assignment Duration: Districts differ in compensation policies, and many substitutes must serve consecutive days before qualifying for extended assignment pay protections.
Increased Workload During Staff Shortages: When substitutes are unavailable, existing staff are diverted from their primary roles, increasing workloads and reducing overall school efficiency.

What Substitute Teachers in Montana Say About Their Careers

Working as a substitute teacher in Montana has given me incredible flexibility to balance my personal life and career. The average daily rates are competitive, which makes it a rewarding opportunity financially while still allowing me to pursue other passions. I truly appreciate the freedom it offers. – Annica

Starting as a substitute teacher opened many doors for me in Montana’s education system. There are clear pathways for advancement, and I was able to transition into a full-time teaching role after gaining valuable experience. It’s a career that offers both stability and growth for those willing to work hard. – Bryan

Montana provides excellent professional development programs for substitute teachers, which helped me improve my classroom management and teaching skills significantly. The ongoing support and training made me feel more confident and connected to the education community. It’s fulfilling to know I’m continuously growing in my profession. – Zoe

Other Things You Need to Know About Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in Montana

Is substitute teaching in Montana a good career option?

Yes, substitute teaching in Montana is a practical and flexible career option. It’s especially appealing to recent graduates, retirees, or those exploring teaching. The state typically requires a bachelor’s degree and a background check, not full licensure. Substitutes are in steady demand, especially in rural areas. With daily rates averaging $100–$130, the role offers both income and classroom experience. Many use it as a stepping stone toward full-time teaching or education-related careers.

Can substitute teachers work in special education classrooms in Montana?

Yes, substitute teachers in Montana can work in special education classrooms, but qualifications matter. Most districts prefer or require prior training or experience with students with disabilities. Some roles may need coursework in special education or familiarity with IEPs. Without these, a substitute may be limited to general education settings. This ensures students with special needs receive appropriate, consistent support aligned with their individualized learning goals, even when their regular teacher is absent.

Can you substitute teach at multiple school types in Montana with one permit?

No, a single substitute teaching permit in Montana does not usually allow work across multiple school types. Permits are generally tied to a specific setting—such as public, private, or tribal schools. Each type has distinct policies and credentialing requirements. To teach in different types of schools, a substitute must obtain additional permits or meet that system’s specific standards. This system helps preserve instructional consistency and legal compliance across Montana’s diverse educational environments.

How do substitute teachers in Montana handle student behavior issues?

Substitute teachers in Montana handle behavior issues by following the regular teacher’s guidelines and school-wide policies. They can redirect students, use positive reinforcement, and maintain classroom expectations—but serious issues are referred to school administrators. Substitutes aren’t typically authorized to issue major disciplinary actions like detentions or suspensions. Schools emphasize strong communication between substitutes and staff to ensure classroom continuity. This approach maintains a respectful learning environment while supporting the substitute’s limited disciplinary role.

References:

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Flathead County. (n.d.). Teacher services :: Flathead County. Retrieved from Flathead County
Kelly Education. (n.d.). Safety - performance - impact: Training qualified substitute teachers. Retrieved from Kelly Education
Montana Teacher Certification. (n.d.). Montana teacher certification renewal - teaching certification. Retrieved from Teaching-Certification.com
Montana Teaching License. (n.d.). Montana requirements for teachers | Teaching Channel. Retrieved from Teaching Channel
PowerSchool. (n.d.). There’s a better way to manage substitute teachers for classroom success | PowerSchool. Retrieved from PowerSchool
Renew a Teaching License. (n.d.). Renew a teaching license in MT with approved online PD. Retrieved from Renewateachinglicense.com
Swing Education. (n.d.). How to manage disruptive behavior as a substitute teacher - Swing Education. Retrieved from Swing Education
TNTP. (n.d.). Fixing school discipline falls on our shoulders, not students’. Retrieved from TNTP
University of Nevada, Reno. (2022). What are classroom management tips for substitute teachers? | University of Nevada, Reno. Retrieved from UNR