Substitute Teaching License & Requirements in Maryland for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Becoming a substitute teacher in Maryland offers a unique and fulfilling opportunity to contribute to the educational development of diverse student populations. This role allows individuals to gain valuable classroom experience while maintaining flexibility, making it an attractive option for those exploring careers in education or seeking supplemental income.

Maryland’s substitute teaching license requirements reflect a commitment to maintaining high educational standards, ensuring substitutes are well-prepared to support teachers and students effectively. Understanding these requirements is essential for aspiring substitutes, and this article provides a clear, detailed overview to help readers make informed decisions about embarking on this rewarding career path.

Key Points About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Maryland

Maryland requires substitute teachers to hold at least a bachelor’s degree and obtain a state-issued substitute teaching license, reflecting the state’s commitment to qualified educators.
The job outlook for substitute teachers in Maryland remains steady, supported by diverse school districts and a consistent need for flexible classroom support staff.
With an average salary of around $120 per day, Maryland offers competitive compensation and a valuable entry point for those seeking meaningful educational careers.

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Maryland?
What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in Maryland?
How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Maryland?
How do substitute teachers receive assignments in Maryland districts?
Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in Maryland?
How much do substitute teachers make in Maryland?
What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in Maryland?
What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in Maryland?
What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Maryland?
What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in Maryland?
How can substitute teaching accelerate my path to full certification in Maryland?
How Can Professional Development Enhance My Substitute Teaching Skills in Maryland?
Other Things You Need to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Maryland

What are the requirements to become a substitute teacher in Maryland?

Becoming a substitute teacher in Maryland involves meeting a series of educational and procedural benchmarks that vary somewhat by district but align with core state guidelines. Understanding these requirements offers a clearer path for those eager to contribute to classrooms, even without a full teaching license. Below is an overview of essential steps that reflect the typical substitute teacher requirements in the state.

Minimum Education Requirements: Most districts require at least 60 college credits from an accredited institution, though some accept an associate degree or a high school diploma with additional qualifications. Higher education credentials, such as a bachelor’s degree, often translate to better pay rates and more opportunities.
Experience With Children: Practical experience, typically 6–12 months in roles involving children, is expected by districts like Prince George’s County. This experience can come from educational, childcare, or youth program settings.
Background Check: A statewide criminal background check and fingerprinting are mandatory, ensuring the safety of students and maintaining trust within school communities.
Official Documentation: Applicants must submit official transcripts and other paperwork verifying their education. This step may involve processing fees and a waiting period.
District Training and Onboarding: New substitutes often participate in orientation sessions that cover classroom management, school policies, and emergency procedures to better prepare for the role.
Registration With Substitute Systems: Approved substitutes register with district-specific automated systems to select assignments by location, grade, or subject, providing flexibility and control over their schedules.

For those exploring substitute teaching as a career or side opportunity, understanding Maryland substitute teacher education requirements is just one piece of the puzzle. Those with a passion for education may also explore high-paying jobs with education degree, which can open doors to further professional growth.

What are the different types of substitute teaching permits in Maryland?

Maryland offers several types of substitute teaching permits tailored to different qualifications and needs, reflecting the state’s commitment to flexibility and quality in education. Understanding these options can help aspiring substitutes choose the path that best fits their background and goals.

County Substitute Permit: Issued by individual school districts, this permit allows substitutes to work within a specific county. It typically requires a minimum of 60 college credits but varies by district policies and demand.
Statewide Substitute Permit: Valid across all Maryland public schools, this permit requires at least 60 semester hours of college credit and is suitable for those seeking broader opportunities beyond one county.
Short-Term Substitute Permit: Designed for substitutes filling in for fewer than 45 days in a single assignment, this permit offers more flexibility and usually has fewer requirements, ideal for those new to substitute teaching or with limited availability.
Long-Term Substitute Permit: Intended for assignments extending beyond 45 days, this permit often necessitates more rigorous qualifications, such as a bachelor’s degree or progress toward full teacher certification, ensuring substitutes can effectively handle sustained instructional responsibilities.
Emergency Substitute Permit: Granted in situations where there is an immediate shortage of qualified teachers, this permit allows individuals without the typical educational prerequisites to serve temporarily while pursuing necessary credentials.

The image below shows how many substitute teachers plan to pursue full certification, highlighting how these permit pathways can open doors to long-term teaching careers.

38% of substitute teachers plan to pursue teacher certifications.

How do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Maryland?

Understanding how do substitute teachers renew their teaching permit in Maryland is essential for educators committed to maintaining their credentials and continuing their service in the classroom. The renewal process is designed not only to ensure compliance with state regulations but also to promote ongoing professional growth, which benefits both teachers and students alike. Navigating this process requires attention to specific educational and licensing requirements established by the Maryland State Department of Education.

Professional Development Requirement: Substitute teachers must earn at least 90 Professional Development Points (PDPs) covering areas such as pedagogy, English as a Second Language, strategies for teaching students with disabilities, and culturally responsive teaching.
Documentation and Record-Keeping: All PDPs need to be meticulously tracked in an Individualized Professional Development Plan (IPDP), which is essential for demonstrating completed requirements during renewal.
Submission Through TEACH Dashboard: Renewal applications and supporting documents, including the IPDP, must be submitted electronically via Maryland’s TEACH Dashboard platform.
Acceptable Professional Development Credit: PDPs must be obtained from regionally accredited institutions or Maryland-approved Continuing Professional Development credits, and only those earned within five years prior to renewal are valid.
Employment Status Considerations: Substitute teachers not under contract with Maryland schools must independently submit their renewal applications, while those employed may have their renewal handled by their district.
Additional Requirements for Specific Areas: Licensure in specialized fields, such as Special Education or Reading Specialist, may require extra coursework or training, including knowledge about the Science of Reading, which can be supported by exploring what are the best online bachelors degrees in special education.

How do substitute teachers receive assignments in Maryland districts?

Substitute teachers in Maryland navigate a structured yet varied system to receive assignments, blending technology with district-specific rules. Understanding these steps can help prospective substitutes prepare effectively and position themselves for consistent opportunities across the state.

Application and Eligibility: Substitutes must complete an online application, submitting transcripts, references, and any required certifications, typically needing at least 60 college credits or an associate’s degree.
Automated Notification Systems: Most districts employ platforms like SmartFindExpress, allowing substitutes to view and accept available jobs online or via phone, facilitating quick and flexible responses.
Assignment Types: Assignments can be short-term (under 11 consecutive days) or long-term (11 or more days), with some districts requiring special forms and approval for long-term roles.
Priority and Preferred Lists: Some counties maintain priority substitute lists, giving experienced or highly rated substitutes preferential access to assignments, rewarding reliability and consistent performance.
Regional Differences: Procedures vary by county, with some districts requiring orientation or training before accepting jobs, and others using unique systems alongside or instead of SmartFindExpress.

The image below illustrates just how many substitute teachers are used across the U.S. each year, putting Maryland’s system into a broader national context.

600,000 substitute teachers cover over 30 million teacher absences each year.

Can substitute teaching lead to a full-time teaching job in Maryland?

In Maryland, substitute teaching can open doors to full-time teaching roles, but making this leap involves more than just time spent in various classrooms. While substitute teachers are not required to have state certification, advancing to a permanent position demands fulfilling several state and district criteria.

Long-Term Substitute Experience: Maryland recognizes only long-term substitute teaching—defined as working in the same classroom for a minimum of three months—as valid experience towards full-time certification. Short-term or day-to-day substitute assignments do not count toward this requirement.

Performance Evaluations and References: Long-term substitutes who receive strong evaluations or recommendations from principals and administrators improve their chances of securing a full-time job by demonstrating effective classroom leadership and instructional skills.

Application through TEACH Portal: Candidates must use the Maryland Educator Application and Certification Hub (TEACH) to apply for full-time teaching positions. Keeping an up-to-date profile and monitoring communications from the Maryland State Department of Education is essential for progress.

Background Checks and Clearances: Even substitutes who have undergone initial screenings must complete comprehensive fingerprinting and background checks when transitioning to full-time roles to meet strict safety regulations.

Professional Relationships: Networking with school personnel and district officials plays a vital role in learning about openings and receiving endorsements that can facilitate the move from substitute to certified teacher.

Reflecting on these steps, a Maryland substitute teacher shared how the journey felt both challenging and rewarding, recalling how a long-term high school math assignment helped him build trust with students and staff despite the uncertainty of whether it would lead to a permanent role. He described the stress of evaluation meetings, the routine of navigating the TEACH portal, and repeated background checks as necessary hurdles for peace of mind.

He also emphasized that informal conversations with administrators often opened unexpected doors, showing that being present, professional, and proactive matters as much as teaching well. His experience shows that while the path from substitute to full-time teacher in Maryland can be demanding, persistence and relationships create real opportunities—and the chart below highlights the average tenure many substitutes spend on this journey.

How much do substitute teachers make in Maryland?

Understanding the substitute teacher license and requirements in Maryland is essential for those exploring educational roles in the state. Maryland does not require a full teaching license to work as a substitute teacher, which opens the profession to many candidates, including recent graduates and career changers. However, having a college degree or specific teaching credentials can enhance eligibility and lead to better pay, especially for long-term assignments.

Regarding the substitute teacher salary in Maryland, the compensation varies based on several factors but generally remains competitive. On average, substitute teachers earn about $19.98 per hour, with full-time substitutes making around $41,000 annually. In districts like Baltimore, salaries can be significantly higher, with reports of annual earnings near $55,344 or roughly $27 per hour.

Assignment Length: Short-term substitutes often receive base daily or hourly rates, while long-term roles—covering the same classroom for weeks—can command higher wages, sometimes up to $35.84 per hour.
District and Location: Urban and suburban districts such as Montgomery County and Baltimore offer elevated pay compared to rural areas, reflecting demand and budget differences.
Credentials and Education: Teachers with degrees or specialized credentials tend to qualify for higher pay brackets, particularly in specialized or long-term assignments.
Subject Specialty and Experience: Substitute teachers with expertise in subjects like special education or advanced placement classes and those with more experience may negotiate better compensation.
Market Demand: Pay can fluctuate depending on the district’s immediate need for substitutes, affecting daily or hourly rates accordingly.

For those considering further education to enhance their qualifications and salary potential, exploring options like the best online EdD programs can be a strategic step toward advancing in Maryland’s educational workforce.

What is the job outlook for substitute teachers in Maryland?

The job outlook for substitute teachers Maryland reflects a landscape shaped by persistent teacher shortages and rising student needs. This dynamic creates a favorable environment for those considering substitute teaching roles, with several regions exhibiting particularly high demand.

High Vacancy and Unfilled Substitute Positions: Montgomery County saw 164,000 substitute teaching openings last year, more than half of which went unfilled, driven by a combination of teacher shortages and frequent educator absences disrupting classroom continuity.
Chronic Teacher Shortages: Baltimore City and Baltimore County areas struggle to recruit and retain full-time teachers, increasing dependence on substitutes to manage long-term vacancies and daily absences caused by burnout and turnover.
Enrollment Growth and Limited Hiring Pool: In Prince George’s County, rapid student enrollment growth outpaces the availability of certified teachers, intensifying the need for substitutes to fill immediate instructional gaps due to a limited local hiring pool.
Statewide Conditional Licensing and Pipeline Gaps: Approximately 10% of Maryland's teaching workforce has conditional licenses, underscoring systemic staffing challenges that have led many substitutes to cover entire school years rather than just short-term needs.
Recruitment Challenges in Rural Districts: Geographic isolation and fewer local candidates make rural districts rely heavily on a small pool of substitutes, heightening competition for available educators.

Understanding substitute teacher employment trends in Maryland is crucial for prospective educators, as the state’s ongoing teacher supply gap ensures a robust demand for qualified substitutes. For those interested in advancing their credentials, exploring a list of affordable masters degrees in educational leadership online can offer valuable career growth opportunities amid this evolving educational landscape.

What ethical standards do substitute teachers adhere to in Maryland?

Substitute teachers in Maryland navigate a landscape defined by rigorous ethical standards designed to protect students and uphold educational integrity. These expectations are grounded in state laws and district policies that emphasize professionalism, safety, and respect for the school community. Understanding these principles is essential for substitutes to contribute meaningfully while maintaining trust and accountability in their temporary roles.

Confidentiality and Privacy: Substitutes must safeguard all student and staff information, adhering strictly to privacy laws like FERPA, ensuring sensitive details remain protected at all times.
Mandatory Reporting: Immediate reporting of any suspected child abuse or neglect is required, reflecting Maryland’s commitment to student safety and legal compliance, with failure to report carrying serious consequences.
Safe and Inclusive Environment: Creating a classroom atmosphere free from intimidation, discrimination, or harassment is vital, with zero tolerance for behavior that undermines student well-being or inclusivity.
Compliance with Policies and Curriculum: Substitutes are expected to follow prescribed lesson plans and district regulations meticulously, avoiding unauthorized deviations to maintain consistency and order.
Professionalism and Work Ethic: Punctuality, reliability, and respectful communication are cornerstones of ethical conduct, demonstrating dedication and respect for the educational mission.
Background Checks and Integrity: Passing thorough background screenings, including Child Protective Services clearance, is mandatory, ensuring a safe environment free from conflicts of interest or unethical personal gain.
Alignment with Educational Mission: Conduct incompatible with school values—such as immodesty or indecency—is grounds for immediate dismissal, underscoring the seriousness of ethical adherence.

When I spoke with a substitute teacher from Maryland, a high school math educator, she reflected on the profound responsibility these standards entail, explaining that her role is not just about delivering lessons but embodying trust and respect every day in a new classroom.

She also described the challenge of building rapport quickly while maintaining confidentiality and following district protocols in diverse classrooms. Balancing professionalism with empathy, she said, means knowing when to enforce rules firmly and when to listen and support a student’s concerns. Her experience shows that ethical standards are not just rules but guiding principles at the heart of substitute teaching in Maryland.

What are the benefits received by substitute teachers in Maryland?

Substitute teaching in Maryland offers a variety of benefits and incentives that reflect both the flexibility of the role and the state’s commitment to supporting educators in non-permanent positions. For those considering entering the field, understanding these advantages can provide valuable insight into how the position fits within a broader educational career path.

Below is an overview of some key benefits offered to substitute teachers across Maryland’s school districts, illustrating why this role can be both rewarding and strategically beneficial for educators balancing multiple priorities or seeking supplementary income.

Flexible Scheduling: Substitute teachers in Maryland enjoy the ability to select workdays and locations that suit their personal and professional needs, making it an ideal option for individuals requiring adaptable hours.
Competitive Pay Rates: Compensation varies by district and qualification, with hourly rates ranging from approximately $16 to over $26, and daily rates that can exceed $200 for specialized assignments like distance learning.
Bonuses and Incentives: Some districts, such as Montgomery County, offer performance-based bonuses for substitutes meeting minimum work thresholds, recognizing consistent contributions throughout the semester.
Long-term Assignment Benefits: Extended assignments often come with increased pay or stipends, rewarding substitutes for sustained commitment and providing financial stability during longer engagements.
Retirement Savings Options: Eligible substitutes may participate in voluntary retirement plans, such as 403(b) and 457(b), allowing for tax-advantaged savings that enhance long-term financial security.
Health Insurance Eligibility: Those working at least 30 hours weekly may qualify for health insurance coverage, a significant consideration given the limited full-time benefits typically available to substitutes.
Paid Sick and Safe Leave: Maryland law ensures substitutes accrue paid leave, supporting their well-being and compliance with district policies during unexpected absences.
Professional Development Access: Certain districts provide training opportunities to enhance substitutes’ teaching skills and effectiveness, fostering career growth within the education sector.

For individuals exploring educational career paths, especially those weighing options among the easiest education degrees, substitute teaching in Maryland offers a compelling blend of flexibility, compensation, and benefits. This role serves not only as a practical employment opportunity but also as a pathway to gaining valuable classroom experience and professional development within a supportive framework.

What are the common challenges for substitute teachers in Maryland?

Substitute teachers in Maryland encounter a range of challenges that complicate their roles and impact their effectiveness. These difficulties arise from systemic issues within school districts as well as the unique nature of substitute work, often leaving educators underprepared and unsupported. Below is an overview of the primary obstacles faced by substitutes across the state.

Unpredictable Scheduling and Income: Many substitutes deal with fluctuating work hours and last-minute cancellations, making it hard to secure steady pay or plan financially.
Minimal Training Opportunities: Orientation and professional development are often infrequent, leaving substitutes without adequate preparation for diverse classroom demands or specialized subjects.
Classroom Management Difficulties: Managing large or unfamiliar classes, especially in districts with teacher shortages like Baltimore, presents ongoing challenges in maintaining discipline and engagement.
Limited Access to Resources: Substitutes frequently lack the lesson plans and instructional materials available to full-time teachers, hindering consistent and effective teaching.
Absence of Employment Benefits: Classified as temporary staff, substitutes typically do not receive health insurance, retirement plans, or paid leave, contributing to turnover and recruitment struggles.
Issues with Employment Records: Inconsistent oversight can result in substitutes flagged for misconduct in one school continuing to work elsewhere, raising concerns about accountability.
Isolation from School Communities: Temporary placement often prevents substitutes from forming meaningful connections with students and staff, affecting job satisfaction and classroom success.
Impact of Teacher Shortages: The increased reliance on substitutes to fill long-term vacancies without appropriate support or compensation can lead to burnout, particularly in high-need areas.

What Substitute Teachers in Maryland Say About Their Careers

Becoming a substitute teacher in Maryland has given me the flexibility to balance my personal life while earning a competitive average salary that supports my family. The ability to choose when and where I work makes this career truly rewarding. I feel empowered every day knowing I can make a difference in students’ lives on my own schedule. – Benjamin
I never expected that starting as a substitute teacher in Maryland would open doors for career advancement. Through the district’s professional development programs, I was able to gain new certifications and eventually move into a full-time teaching role. It’s been a fulfilling journey of growth and opportunity. – Jennifer
Maryland’s commitment to professional development for substitute teachers is impressive. I’ve attended workshops and training sessions that enhance my teaching skills and classroom management techniques, which makes me feel confident and respected in my role. This continuous learning environment keeps me engaged and motivated. – Belle

How can substitute teaching accelerate my path to full certification in Maryland?

Substitute teaching not only provides essential classroom experience but also serves as a strategic stepping stone toward full professional certification. Engaging in diverse learning environments helps educators build practical classroom management skills and instructional techniques that can enhance their certification applications. This hands-on experience can complement formal training, making the transition to a full-time teaching role more seamless. For further guidance on certification pathways, please review the types of teaching certifications and requirements in Maryland.

How Can Professional Development Enhance My Substitute Teaching Skills in Maryland?

Substitute teachers in Maryland can significantly benefit from targeted professional development programs designed to refine classroom management, instructional delivery, and subject-specific strategies. Many districts and educational organizations offer workshops, online courses, and mentorship initiatives that equip substitutes with the latest pedagogical methods and regulatory updates. These tailored training opportunities not only improve immediate classroom performance but also build a strong foundation for long-term career advancement. For additional guidance on expanding your qualifications, explore how to become a substitute teacher in Maryland.

Other Things You Need to Know About Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Maryland

Is substitute teaching in Maryland a good career option?

Becoming a substitute teacher in Maryland offers a flexible and rewarding career path for those looking to enter the education field or supplement their income, playing a vital role in maintaining classroom continuity and supporting student learning when regular teachers are absent. According to the Maryland State Department of Education, substitutes must uphold strict ethical standards, including confidentiality, professionalism, and fostering an inclusive environment.

This role provides valuable experience in classroom management and instructional strategies, making it especially beneficial for recent graduates and career changers exploring education. With steady demand across diverse districts and competitive daily rates generally ranging from $100 to $150, substitute teaching in Maryland is a practical choice that combines professional growth with meaningful community impact.

Can substitute teachers work in special education classrooms in Maryland?

In Maryland, substitute teachers can work in special education classrooms, but there are specific requirements they must meet. According to the Maryland State Department of Education, substitutes assigned to special education settings typically need to have prior experience or training in special education to ensure they can effectively support students with diverse learning needs.

Many local school districts require substitutes working in these classrooms to hold a valid substitute teaching permit and complete specialized training on individualized education programs (IEPs) and behavioral management strategies. This ensures compliance with federal and state laws protecting students with disabilities, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). While there is no statewide prohibition against substitutes working in special education, districts prioritize qualified individuals to maintain the quality of instruction and student safety.

Can you substitute teach at multiple school types in Maryland with one permit?

In Maryland, a substitute teaching permit is generally issued for a specific school system or type of school, such as public, private, or charter schools. This means that holding one permit does not allow you to substitute teach across multiple school types statewide. The primary reason for this restriction is that each school system has its own certification requirements, policies, and regulations to ensure substitute teachers meet their specific standards.

Consequently, substitute teachers must obtain separate permits or approvals if they wish to work in different school types, reflecting the distinct administrative control and educational standards maintained by each system.

How do substitute teachers in Maryland handle student behavior issues?

Substitute teachers in Maryland are expected to manage student behavior by following the established classroom rules and the specific instructions left by the regular teacher. They typically use positive reinforcement and verbal redirection as primary strategies to maintain order. According to the Maryland State Department of Education, substitutes should document any significant behavioral incidents and report them to the school administration or the regular teacher for appropriate follow-up.

However, substitute teachers face limitations in disciplinary actions; they generally do not have the authority to administer formal punishments such as suspensions or detentions. Instead, their role is to maintain a safe and respectful learning environment while deferring serious disciplinary decisions to permanent staff or administrators. This approach ensures consistency in handling behavior issues while recognizing the temporary and supportive nature of substitute teaching roles in Maryland’s public schools.

References:

Cornell Law School. (2024). Md. Code Regs. 13A.07.12.01 - Disqualification Criteria for Substitute Teachers. Cornell
Education-Colleges.com. (n.d.). Becoming a Substitute Teacher in Maryland, MD. Education-Colleges.com
Howard County Public School System. (2024). Policy 2070 – Ethics. HCPSS
National Education Association. (2022). Elevating the Education Professions. NEA
Montgomery County Public Schools. (n.d.). Benefit information for temporary workers and substitute teachers. MCPS
Prince George's County Public Schools. (n.d.). Substitute and Temporary Staffing. PGCPS
Talbot County Public Schools. (n.d.). Substitute Teaching Information. TCPS
Zippia. (2025). Substitute Teacher Demographics. Zippia