LMFT vs LMFTA: Explaining The Difference for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Employment for licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs) in the United States (US) is expected to increase by 16% between 2023 and 2033. This job growth rate is much faster than the average job growth rate of all occupations in the US. The projected increase translates to an average of around 7,500 job openings for LMFTs annually [US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2024]. Moreover, the country is in need of 6,203 mental health practitioners as of February 2025 (Health Resources & Services Administration, 2025).

Such a high demand for these professionals reflects the current state of mental health across the US. Between 2021 and 2022, 60 million of American adults experienced a mental illness (Mental Health America, 2024). The urgent situation may serve as encouragement for aspiring marriage and family therapists and licensed marriage and family therapist-associates (LMFTAs) working to become LMFTs.

To help you get started, I created this in-depth guide to becoming an LMFTA and an LMFT. I discuss licensure requirements, the responsibilities that come with the credentials, income potential, employment outlook, and continuing education requirements.

What is the difference between an LMFT and an LMFTA?

LMFTs (Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist) are fully licensed to practice independently, while LMFTAs (Associate) are still completing supervised clinical hours.

Becoming an LMFT requires meeting all licensing requirements, including exams and supervised experience, whereas an LMFTA is a temporary license for pre-licensed therapists.
LMFTs can diagnose, treat, and open private practices, while LMFTAs must work under supervision until full licensure is obtained.

What is an LMFT?
What is an LMFTA?
Can LMFTs and LMFTAs diagnose and treat mental health disorders independently?
Do LMFTs and LMFTAs have the same educational requirements?
What is the main difference in licensure between an LMFT and an LMFTA?
How long does it take for an LMFTA to become an LMFT?
Do LMFTs earn more than LMFTAs?
Do LMFTs and LMFTAs have the same job opportunities?
What strategies can LMFTs adopt for long-term career growth?
Should LMFTs Consider an Advanced Degree for Career Advancement?
How Can LMFTs Leverage Telehealth and Digital Tools to Enhance Practice?
How Do Accredited Academic Programs Impact LMFT Career Outcomes?
Should LMFTs Specialize in Child and Adolescent Therapy?
Can specialized online degrees broaden LMFT practice approaches?
What challenges do LMFTs and LMFTAs face in the field?
Which industries can LMFTs and LMFTAs work in?
Do LMFTs and LMFTAs have different renewal and continuing education (CE) requirements?
What Are the Financial Considerations When Pursuing LMFT Licensure?
Other Things You Need to Know about Becoming an LMFTA and an LMFT

What is an LMFT?

A licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) is a mental health professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating emotional, psychological, and relational issues within families, couples, and individuals. LMFTs are trained to address a wide range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship conflicts. They use a systemic approach that considers how personal and interpersonal dynamics influence well-being.

What is an LMFTA?

A licensed associate marriage and family therapist (LMFTA) is a pre-licensed mental health professional working under supervision to gain the clinical experience required for full licensure. Similar to LMFTs, LMFTAs provide therapy to individuals, couples, and families, addressing mental health concerns and relationship dynamics while working under a state-approved supervisor. They use systemic approaches to help clients navigate challenges, such as anxiety, depression, and communication issues.

However, unlike LMFTs, LMFTAs cannot practice independently, bill insurance directly in many cases, or supervise other therapists. They usually work in clinics, group practices, and community mental health centers, gaining hands-on experience before qualifying for full licensure as an LMFT and joining the 76,000 LMFTs practicing across the US (US BLS, 2024).

Individuals aiming to become a therapist quickly may want to explore our guide to the fastest way to become a licensed therapist.

Can LMFTs and LMFTAs diagnose and treat mental health disorders independently?

LMFTs can independently diagnose and treat mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. They assess clients using clinical evaluations, develop treatment plans, and provide therapy without oversight. LMFTs can also work in private practice, bill insurance directly, and offer specialized mental health services.

In contrast, LMFTAs cannot diagnose or treat mental health disorders independently. While they provide therapy and assist clients with emotional and relational challenges, they must work under the supervision of a fully licensed professional. LMFTAs need to complete state-mandated supervised clinical hours before qualifying for full licensure. Their ability to diagnose and treat depends on state regulations and supervisor approval. Until they transition to LMFT status, their practice remains supervised, and they often have limitations in private practice settings and insurance reimbursement.

Professionals seeking to advance their education and training in the field of mental health may want to consider completing doctor of psychology programs online.

Do LMFTs and LMFTAs have the same educational requirements?

LMFTs and LMFTAs share the same educational requirements, as both roles require specialized training in marriage and family therapy. However, the key difference lies in the post-graduate supervised experience needed for full licensure.

During my research, I found that the following are the three main educational requirements for both LMFTs and LMFTAs:

Master’s or Doctoral Degree in Marriage and Family Therapy: Candidates must complete a graduate program accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE) or an equivalent accrediting body. Individuals may explore our guide to
Supervised Clinical Training During Graduate Studies: Graduate degree programs require students to complete practicum and internship hours, providing hands-on experience under licensed supervisors.
Coursework in Mental Health, Ethics, and Relationship Therapy: Programs cover essential topics, including family systems theory, psychological assessment, ethics, and cultural competency, to prepare students for clinical practice.

What is the main difference in licensure between an LMFT and an LMFTA?

The primary difference in licensure between a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapy-Associate (LMFTA) is independence in practice.

An LMFTA holds a provisional license and must work under a state-approved supervisor while completing post-graduate supervised clinical hours required for full licensure. They cannot practice independently or open a private practice.

In contrast, an LMFT holds full licensure, which allows them to diagnose, treat, and provide therapy without supervision. They can also bill insurance directly and supervise LMFTAs. The transition from LMFTA to LMFT requires meeting state-mandated clinical hour requirements and passing the Marriage and Family Therapy National Examination, such as the Examination in Marital and Family Therapy, after which the associate designation is removed.

How long does it take for an LMFTA to become an LMFT?

The time it takes for a licensed marriage and family therapy-associate (LMFTA) to become a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) varies by state, but it usually ranges from 1 year to 3 years. To transition to full licensure, an LMFTA must complete the following:

Finish 1,500 to 4,000 supervised clinical hours, depending on state requirements.
Work under a state-approved LMFT supervisor during this period.
Pass the Marriage and Family Therapy National Examination after fulfilling experience requirements.

The process length depends on several factors, such as state regulations, work setting, and the number of clinical hours completed per week.

Do LMFTs earn more than LMFTAs?

LMFTs generally earn more than LMFTAs due to their ability to practice independently. As pre-licensed professionals, LMFTAs often work in entry-level roles under supervision, limiting their earning potential. As of June 2024, LMFTAs had an average annual salary of $84,740, while LMFTs had $106,017 (Glassdoor, 2024). Determining factors that affect income potential include geographic location, educational attainment, specialization, and years of professional experience.

Do LMFTs and LMFTAs have the same job opportunities?

While licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs) and licensed marriage and family therapy-associates (LMFTAs) can work in similar settings, their job opportunities differ due to licensure restrictions. LMFTAs must work under supervision, which limits their ability to practice independently, whereas LMFTs have more flexibility in career choices, including private practice.

The following are three common job roles for LMFTs and LMFTAs:

Community Mental Health Therapist: Both LMFTs and LMFTAs can work in nonprofit organizations, outpatient clinics, and government-funded programs, providing therapy to individuals and families. In 2023, substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors across the US had a median annual wage of $53,710 (US BLS, 2024). Individuals who are interested in becoming substance abuse counselors may want to explore our guide to pursuing a substance abuse counseling degree.
School-based Family Therapist: Many schools and educational programs hire LMFTs and LMFTAs to support students and families with behavioral and emotional challenges, with LMFTAs working under licensed supervisors. In 2023, school and career counselors and advisors had a median annual wage of $61,710 (US BLS, 2024).
Private Practice Therapist: Only LMFTs can run an independent private practice and bill insurance directly. LMFTAs may work in a private practice setting but must be employed by a fully licensed therapist.

Moreover, employment for licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs) in the US is expected to increase by 16% between 2023 and 2033 (US BLS, 2024).

With additional education, training, and professional credentials, such as doctorate degrees, the following roles may be available to LMFTs and LMFTAs:

Social Workers: Social workers help individuals, families, and communities navigate social, emotional, and economic challenges. They provide counseling, advocacy, and resource connections in different settings, such as hospitals, schools, and government agencies. Clinical social workers (LCSWs) can diagnose and treat mental health conditions, while others focus on case management and policy work. In 2023, social workers in the US had a median annual wage of $58,380 (US BLS, 2024). Individuals interested in becoming social workers may want to explore our guide to
Psychologists: Psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat mental health disorders using psychotherapy and psychological testing. Different specializations include clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology. They may work in hospitals, private practice, or research. In 2023, psychologists had a median annual wage of $92,740 (US BLS, 2024).
Psychiatrists: Psychiatrists are medical doctors (MDs or DOs) who diagnose and treat mental health conditions using a combination of therapy and medication management. They specialize in psychiatric disorders, prescribe medications, and may work in hospitals, private practice, or research. Psychiatrists often collaborate with psychologists and therapists for comprehensive patient care. In 2023, psychiatrists across the US had a median annual wage of $124,070 (US BLS, 2024).

The chart below provides a visualization of the 2023 median annual wages of mental health professionals, according to 2024 data from the US BLS.

What strategies can LMFTs adopt for long-term career growth?

Developing a sustainable career path requires focused professional development and strategic networking. LMFT professionals benefit from engaging in mentorship programs and joining reputable industry associations that offer access to insights from seasoned practitioners. Actively seeking specialized training opportunities and advanced certifications can also diversify service offerings and open avenues in emerging therapeutic disciplines. Additionally, leveraging resources on what is needed to become a counselor can provide further clarity on identifying niche expertise and competitive advantages to enhance career progression.

Should LMFTs Consider an Advanced Degree for Career Advancement?

Advanced academic credentials can expand the scope of practice and leadership opportunities for LMFT professionals. Pursuing further education, including doctoral studies, may enhance expertise in evidence-based interventions and open avenues in research, policy development, and higher education. For example, enrolling in a Psy D degree online program can provide specialized training that differentiates an LMFT's profile in competitive markets. This additional qualification may also facilitate access to positions requiring advanced clinical competencies and improve credibility when engaging in interdisciplinary collaborations.

How Can LMFTs Leverage Telehealth and Digital Tools to Enhance Practice?

LMFTs can expand their reach by integrating telehealth platforms and digital resources into their practice. Utilizing secure video conferencing and online scheduling tools can streamline client management and increase service accessibility while maintaining compliance with confidentiality and ethical standards. Adopting digital record-keeping and evidence-based software can further support clinical decision-making and outcome tracking. For professionals aiming to build a robust technical foundation alongside clinical expertise, pursuing an accelerated psychology bachelor's degree may provide valuable insights into the intersection of technology and mental health care.

How Do Accredited Academic Programs Impact LMFT Career Outcomes?

Accredited academic programs play a critical role in shaping clinical proficiency and ensuring alignment with licensure standards. They offer structured curricula, supervised practicum experiences, and access to expert mentorship that enhance both theoretical and practical skill sets. Evaluating a program’s accreditation status, faculty expertise, and clinical partnerships helps prospective LMFTs determine its effectiveness in preparing them for state requirements and diverse practice settings. Reviewing resources such as colleges with ABA programs can also provide comparative insights, guiding informed decisions toward a program that optimally supports long-term career advancement.

Should LMFTs Specialize in Child and Adolescent Therapy?

Specializing in child and adolescent therapy can expand a therapist’s clinical expertise and improve service offerings by addressing unique developmental and familial challenges. Targeted training in developmental psychology, trauma-informed practices, and family dynamics for younger populations can enhance treatment outcomes and support long-term practice growth. Professionals may consider enrolling in specialized educational programs—such as a child psychology degree online—to gain the advanced knowledge and skills necessary for this niche.

Can specialized online degrees broaden LMFT practice approaches?

Incorporating specialized online degrees can provide LMFTs with additional tools to serve clients facing complex challenges at the intersection of mental health and legal systems. For instance, supplementing a core LMFT education with targeted coursework in forensic psychology can refine assessment techniques and support collaboration with legal professionals. This cross-disciplinary approach may lead to more nuanced clinical interpretations and innovative treatment strategies without deviating from foundational therapeutic principles. To explore cost-effective options for advancing in this niche, consider enrolling in cheap forensic psychology masters online, which offer flexible learning formats and rigorous curricula aimed at expanding clinical expertise.

What challenges do LMFTs and LMFTAs face in the field?

LMFTs and LMFTAs navigate several challenges that can impact career growth and day-to-day practice. Balancing clinical responsibilities with administrative and documentation demands may increase the risk of professional burnout. Additionally, evolving regulatory requirements and varying state supervision standards for LMFTAs can complicate the transition to full licensure. Managing expectations around client caseloads, rigorous continuing education, and maintaining ethical practices under high-pressure conditions also contribute to the complex landscape of mental health services. Some professionals address these challenges by supplementing their expertise through advanced academic pathways, such as dual masters and PsyD programs in psychology, which can offer diversified skill sets and enhanced competitive advantages.

Which industries can LMFTs and LMFTAs work in?

Licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs) and licensed marriage and family therapy-associates (LMFTAs) can work in various industries. The top-paying industries for these professionals include (US BLS, 2024):

State Government (excluding Education and Hospitals) ($86,030): LMFTs and LMFTAs work in public health agencies, correctional facilities, and social service programs.
Outpatient Care Centers ($61,390): These facilities provide mental health services outside hospital settings, allowing LMFTs and LMFTAs to work with diverse populations, including those needing long-term therapy for trauma, substance abuse, or relationship issues.
Individual and Family Services ($50,700): Many LMFTs and LMFTAs work in nonprofits, child welfare agencies, and crisis intervention programs, supporting clients through family therapy and counseling.
Offices of Other Health Practitioners ($49,190): LMFTs often collaborate with psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers in private practices, group practices, or holistic healthcare settings.

Professionals who are interested in transitioning to other high-paying fields may want to explore our guide to degrees that pay well.

Do LMFTs and LMFTAs have different renewal and continuing education (CE) requirements?

While licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs) and licensed marriage and family therapy-associates (LMFTAs) share similar continuing education (CE) requirements, LMFTAs often have additional supervision-related renewal requirements before transitioning to full licensure.

The following are common renewal and CE requirements:

Continuing Education (CE) Credits: Both LMFTs and LMFTAs must complete state-mandated CE hours (usually 20-40 hours per renewal period), including ethics and clinical training.
License Renewal: LMFTs renew their licenses every 1 to 2 years, depending on state regulations, while LMFT-As must renew their associate license and provide proof of active supervision.
Supervision Documentation (LMFT-As Only): LMFTAs must submit ongoing supervision records and may have limits on how many times they can renew their associate license before obtaining full licensure.

What Are the Financial Considerations When Pursuing LMFT Licensure?

Evaluating the financial implications of LMFT training is critical. Prospective therapists must consider tuition costs, licensing and examination fees, and expenses related to supervised clinical hours. Comparing costs against long-term earning potential and career advancement can help gauge the return on investment. Additionally, examining affordable alternatives and financial aid options, as well as evaluating the cost-effectiveness of similar mental health credentials such as BCBA programs, may offer further insights.

Key Findings

LMFTAs cannot practice independently, bill insurance directly in many cases, or supervise other therapists. They usually work in clinics, group practices, and community mental health centers, gaining hands-on experience before qualifying for full licensure as an LMFT
In 2023, 76,000 LMFTs were employed across the US (US BLS, 2024).
As of June 2024, LMFTAs in the US had an average annual salary of $84,740, while LMFTs had $106,017 (Glassdoor, 2024).
Across the US, licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs) working in state government, except for education and hospitals, had a 2023 median annual wage of $86,030 (US BLS, 2024).
Employment for licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs) in the US is expected to increase by 16% between 2023 and 2033 (US BLS, 2024).

Other Things You Need to Know About Becoming an LMFTA and an LMFT

What is the difference between a family therapist and a family counselor?

The key difference between a family therapist and a family counselor lies in training and scope. Family therapists (LMFTs) specialize in systemic therapy to address deep-rooted relational patterns and mental health disorders. Meanwhile, family counselors provide general guidance on family dynamics and often focus on conflict resolution and communication skills without clinical diagnosis.

Where do LMFTs make the most money?

In the US, licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs) working in state government, except for education and hospitals, had a 2023 median annual wage of $86,030 (US BLS, 2024).

What is the highest paid type of therapist?

In the field of mental health, the following professions are some of the highest-paying roles based on their 2023 median annual wages (US BLS, 2024):

Psychiatrists: $124,070
Psychologists: $92,740
School and Career Counselors and Advisors: $61,710

What do clinical psychologists do?

Clinical psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat mental health disorders through psychotherapy and evidence-based interventions. They specialize in psychological testing and therapeutic techniques to improve mental well-being. They work with individuals, couples, and groups to address issues, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma. Some states allow these professionals to prescribe medication.