How to Become a Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT) in Saint Paul, MN: License Requirements & Salary for 2025

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Share

Saint Paul, MN, boasts vibrant communities and a strong focus on health services, making it a key player in Minnesota’s mental health landscape. With numerous clinics, hospitals, and community organizations dedicated to mental wellness, the city offers a supportive environment for mental health professionals.

In 2022, Minnesota employed a significant number of Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs), reflecting a rising demand for professionals skilled in addressing complex family and relationship challenges. This growth is driven by increased awareness of mental health needs, expanded insurance coverage for therapy services, and a statewide commitment to improving access to care.

In this article, we will cover everything you need to become a licensed MFT in Saint Paul. We will also include education, supervised experience, licensure steps, and salary insights to help you navigate a rewarding career path in this expanding field.

Key Things to Know About Becoming a Marriage and Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN

• The average annual pay for a Marriage & Family Therapist in St. Paul is $85,973.
• Employment for Marriage & Family Therapists in St. Paul is projected to grow 15% from 2022 to 2032.
• There will be about 400 annual job openings for Marriage & Family Therapists in St. Paul between 2022 and 2032.

Table of Contents

1. What are the steps to become a Marriage and Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN?
2. How does Saint Paul, MN law define the scope of practice for MFTs?
3. What degree do you need to become an MFT in Saint Paul, MN?
4. What is the average salary for a marriage and family therapist in Saint Paul, MN?
5. How long does it take to complete a master's degree in marriage and family therapy in Saint Paul, MN?
6. What is the cost of tuition for MFT programs in Saint Paul, MN, and are there financial aid options?
7. What are the requirements for MFT licensure in Saint Paul, MN?
8. How can MFTs integrate substance abuse counseling into their practice in Saint Paul, MN?
9. How can MFTs build collaboration with educational institutions in Saint Paul, MN?
10. How do MFT and mental health counseling roles differ in Saint Paul, MN?
11. What is the job market outlook for MFTs in Saint Paul, MN?
12. How can MFTs advance their careers in Saint Paul, MN?
13. What challenges do MFTs face when building a successful practice in Saint Paul, MN?
14. What are the legal requirements for starting a private practice as an MFT in Saint Paul, MN?
15. Other Things You Should Know About Being an MFT in Saint Paul, MN

What are the steps to become a Marriage and Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN?

Becoming an MFT in Saint Paul, MN, requires a clear progression through education, training, and certification designed to ensure professional readiness. The first step involves earning a relevant graduate degree, such as a master’s or doctoral degree in Marriage and Family Therapy, Counseling, or Psychology. Saint Paul offers strong local options, including the University of St. Thomas, which provides a Master of Arts in Counseling with a specialization in marriage and family therapy. Nearby institutions like the University of Minnesota Twin Cities and Bethel University Graduate School in Arden Hills also offer comprehensive programs tailored to MFT licensure preparation.

After completing a graduate program, candidates must gain substantial supervised clinical experience. Minnesota mandates at least 3,000 hours of post-degree supervised work, including 500 hours of direct client contact, to qualify for licensure. Saint Paul’s mental health community supports this requirement through clinical internships and apprenticeships at facilities such as the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, known for its comprehensive training seminars and clinical placement opportunities.

Licensing requires passing the national exam administered by the Association of Marital & Family Therapy Regulatory Boards (AMFTRB). Preparing for this exam can be enhanced by participation in review classes and workshops offered by the Minnesota Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (MAMFT), which regularly organizes exam preparation events. Additionally, Saint Paul’s libraries and community centers provide accessible study groups and resources that foster collaborative learning.

Once licensed, MFTs in Saint Paul must engage in ongoing professional development and license renewal, ensuring they stay current with evolving therapeutic practices. The city’s growing demand for marriage and family therapists, currently expanding at about 8% annually, highlights a promising future and opportunities for practitioners. Networking through local professional groups and attending continuing education seminars are vital for career advancement and staying informed about emerging trends in mental health treatment.

• Earn an accredited graduate degree in Marriage and Family Therapy or a related field
• Complete 3,000 hours of supervised post-degree clinical experience with 500 direct client contact hours
• Pass the national AMFTRB licensure exam
• Engage in continuing education and professional development for license renewal
• Utilize local resources such as clinical internships, professional workshops, and study groups in Saint Paul

As mental health awareness grows, Saint Paul is likely to see increasing innovation in therapy approaches and training methods, with technology-enhanced supervision and teletherapy training becoming more prominent. Aspiring MFTs should watch for these emerging trends to position themselves at the forefront of the profession in this vibrant city.

How does Saint Paul, MN law define the scope of practice for MFTs?

The scope of practice for marriage and family therapists in Saint Paul, MN is defined by state laws and local regulations that emphasize a holistic approach to mental health within family systems. These therapists primarily focus on diagnosing and treating mental and emotional disorders within the context of interpersonal relationships, including couples, families, and individuals. Their day-to-day duties typically include conducting assessments, developing treatment plans, providing psychotherapy, and facilitating communication among family members to resolve conflicts and improve relational dynamics.

Saint Paul, MN MFT legal practice guidelines specifically outline the boundaries within which therapists must operate. Unlike some states, Minnesota requires marriage and family therapists to hold a valid state license, which mandates supervised clinical hours and continuing education. These regulations ensure practitioners maintain professional competence and adhere to ethical standards. Importantly, the law restricts marriage and family therapists from prescribing medications or performing medical procedures, which differentiates their role from psychiatrists or primary care providers.

One distinct feature in Saint Paul’s regulatory environment is the integration of culturally responsive care within the licensing requirements. Therapists are encouraged to incorporate community-specific dynamics and cultural competence into their practice, reflecting the region’s diverse population. This focus may become more pronounced as demographic shifts continue, pushing for more inclusive mental health services tailored to varied family structures and cultural backgrounds.

Looking ahead, evolving telehealth regulations and digital therapy tools may expand the practical scope of marriage and family therapists in Saint Paul, MN. These advances could provide greater access to care while still respecting the constraints imposed by local laws. However, therapists must stay informed about changing policies to ensure compliance and optimal patient outcomes.

For those interested in pursuing a career in this field, understanding the nuances of Saint Paul, MN, law is crucial. Aspiring professionals might also explore educational pathways linked to mental health fields, including options such as fully funded art therapy programs, which complement traditional marriage and family therapy training and broaden therapeutic approaches.

What degree do you need to become an MFT in Saint Paul, MN?

To meet the educational requirements for marriage therapist Saint Paul, most aspiring professionals pursue a master’s degree for LMFT in Saint Paul, MN, typically enrolling in graduate programs focused on marriage and family therapy, counseling psychology, or clinical mental health counseling. These programs generally span two to three years and emphasize foundational knowledge combined with clinical practice. Some candidates may also advance to doctoral degrees (PhD or PsyD) to deepen their expertise or pursue academic paths, but the master’s degree remains the primary credential for clinical licensure.

Core coursework in these programs often includes family systems theory, human development, psychopathology, ethics and professional issues, couples therapy, and research methods. These courses equip students with the theoretical frameworks and practical skills needed to address complex family dynamics and mental health challenges. To excel, students should cultivate strong interpersonal skills, critical thinking, and maintain consistent engagement with clinical supervision and practicum experiences.

Among the top MFT programs or schools in Saint Paul, MN, prospective students commonly consider University of St. Thomas with its Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy, Hamline University’s Master of Arts in Counseling with an emphasis on Marriage and Family Therapy, and Capella University’s online Master’s in Marriage and Family Therapy offering Minnesota residency options. Exploring the list of the best online masters in mental health counseling degrees can also provide additional valuable options for flexible learning paths.

Local resources such as the Minnesota Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (MnAMFT) offer networking, continuing education, and advocacy tailored to practitioners in Saint Paul. The University of Minnesota Counseling and Psychological Services provides clinical training opportunities, while community mental health centers and hospitals facilitate essential internship placements. 

This chart from US BLS shares the states with the highest concentration of MFT jobs.

What is the average salary for a marriage and family therapist in Saint Paul, MN?

MFTs in Saint Paul, MN, earn salaries ranging from $48,041 to as high as $161,820 annually. Most therapists make between $63,200 (25th percentile) and $99,600 (75th percentile), while top earners at the 90th percentile bring in around $122,882 per year. This wide range reflects varying levels of experience, specialization, and workplace settings within the city’s growing mental health sector.

Salary growth in Saint Paul is often linked to additional certifications, specialization in therapy areas, expanding client bases, and private practice development. Many therapists boost their income by pursuing advanced training or opening their own practices, which can surpass standard salaried roles. The evolving healthcare environment and increasing mental health awareness also suggest future wage growth and new opportunities for MFTs in this region.

An MFT from Saint Paul shared that early career challenges included managing fluctuating client loads and navigating insurance reimbursements, which impacted financial stability. They found that building a strong local network and continuously enhancing their skills helped them steadily increase their income. They also noted the satisfaction of witnessing client progress as a key motivator. Despite initial financial hurdles, adaptability and community engagement have been essential to sustaining a rewarding and growing career in Saint Paul.

How long does it take to complete a master's degree in marriage and family therapy in Saint Paul, MN?

Completing a master’s degree duration for marriage and family therapy Saint Paul, MN typically ranges from two to three years of full-time study. Accredited programs generally require 60 to 70 credit hours, translating to about 24 to 36 months. However, students enrolled part-time or facing limited course availability may experience a longer timeline. Some local programs offer accelerated formats that can reduce this period to approximately 18 months, demanding intensive coursework and a significant time commitment.

An essential component extending the timeline is the supervised internship or clinical practicum. In Minnesota, aspiring therapists must complete at least 2,000 hours of supervised clinical experience to qualify for licensure. Finding quality internships in Saint Paul often involves connecting with local clinics, hospitals, community mental health centers, or university counseling centers. Networking through professional bodies like the Minnesota Association for Marriage and Family Therapy can be invaluable. For those researching educational pathways, resources such as the ranking of cheapest PhD in counseling online programs can offer insights into cost-effective options.

To make the most of how long to complete a marriage and family therapy master's in Saint Paul, MN, students should consider enrolling full-time and planning internship hours early. Selecting programs with flexible or online components can speed up completion without sacrificing quality. Staying organized and proactive is key to navigating requirements efficiently. With growing demand in the Twin Cities area, completing the program promptly positions graduates advantageously for emerging opportunities in this expanding field.

What is the cost of tuition for MFT programs in Saint Paul, MN, and are there financial aid options?

The cost of marriage and family therapy programs in Saint Paul, MN, typically ranges from $20,000 to $50,000 in total tuition for a master’s degree, which is the minimum requirement for licensure. Public universities in Minnesota often provide more affordable tuition, especially for in-state residents, while private institutions charge higher fees. The duration of the program, generally two to three years, significantly influences overall expenses. Additional costs include textbooks, clinical training, internship placements, and licensing exam fees, all of which can add up and extend the time before full employment.

Several factors affect the cost of becoming a marriage and family therapist in Saint Paul. Local internship availability can reduce travel and accommodation costs, while the need for supervised clinical hours—often unpaid, may prolong training periods. The moderate cost of living in Saint Paul compared to larger metropolitan areas can make the educational journey relatively more affordable. Prospective students should also consider emerging trends such as online or hybrid programs, which may offer more flexible and potentially cost-saving options. For more insight, reviewing the ranking of affordable online marriage and family therapy degree programs could be beneficial.

Regarding financial aid options for MFT students in Saint Paul, federal and state grants, loans, and scholarships are available. Local scholarships from organizations like the Minnesota Psychological Association and community foundations offer targeted support. Programs such as the Minnesota State Grant and Federal Pell Grant help offset tuition costs. Although city-specific scholarships exist for aspiring electricians, these do not typically apply to MFT students. Exploring university-specific aid and external scholarships remains essential for managing the cost of marriage and family therapy programs Saint Paul, MN, effectively.

What are the requirements for MFT licensure in Saint Paul, MN?

To meet the marriage and family therapist licensure requirements in Saint Paul, MN, candidates must first obtain a graduate degree in marriage and family therapy or a closely related field accredited by COAMFTE or a similar body. This foundational step is crucial and often prompts students to explore whether is there a difference between MFT and MSW degree, as understanding these distinctions can guide educational choices.

Following graduation, aspiring therapists enter a supervised clinical experience phase requiring at least 2,000 hours, including 1,000 hours of direct client contact. This stage typically takes about two years full-time to complete. Afterward, applicants submit their credentials, clinical hours, and national exam results to the Minnesota Board of Marriage and Family Therapy. Unique to Saint Paul is the jurisprudence exam that tests knowledge of Minnesota’s legal and ethical standards, highlighting the state's focus on regulatory compliance and public protection. Altogether, how to become a licensed MFT in Saint Paul Minnesota usually involves three to four years from the start of supervision to full licensure.

The Minnesota Board of Marriage and Family Therapy governs licensure and disciplinary actions, while the Minnesota Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (MAMFT) offers region-specific resources, networking, and continuing education. This local organizational support is vital for maintaining professional standards and community engagement.

Licensed MFTs in Saint Paul must renew their licenses every three years, completing 40 hours of continuing education (CE) with at least 3 hours dedicated to ethics or professional responsibility. Minnesota’s CE requirements stand out due to their emphasis on state laws and cultural competency, reflecting the area’s diverse population. Therapists often fulfill these credits through MAMFT workshops or approved online courses. The renewal process reinforces ongoing competency and adapts to emerging mental health trends.

Looking ahead, licensure and continuing education in Saint Paul may evolve to incorporate more digital learning platforms and culturally responsive practices, ensuring therapists meet community needs. Alternative pathways such as loan forgiveness for service in underserved areas provide financial relief and encourage workforce expansion in mental health fields.

How can MFTs integrate substance abuse counseling into their practice in Saint Paul, MN?

Expanding service offerings through specialized training in substance abuse counseling provides MFTs with additional avenues to meet community needs and diversify revenue streams. By incorporating evidence-based practices tailored to substance abuse issues, practitioners can address co-occurring challenges that often complicate family dynamics and mental health disorders. Pursuing targeted certifications not only enhances therapeutic skill sets but also positions clinicians to respond more effectively to the growing demand for integrated care. For professionals interested in supplementing their expertise in this area, consider exploring how to become a substance abuse counselor in Saint Paul, which outlines the pathway to gaining the necessary credentials and practical experience.

How can MFTs build collaboration with educational institutions in Saint Paul, MN?

Marriage and family therapists can enhance their practice by partnering with local schools and educational agencies. These collaborations offer opportunities to integrate mental health services in academic settings, facilitate early intervention strategies, and support community wellness. Such partnerships can also open additional revenue streams and broaden professional networks. For professionals exploring dual roles in therapy and education, considering the cheapest teacher certification programs in Saint Paul may provide a cost-effective credentialing option to further diversify their expertise.

How do MFT and mental health counseling roles differ in Saint Paul, MN?

In Saint Paul, MN, Marriage and Family Therapists concentrate on addressing relational and systemic issues within family units, while mental health counselors typically provide support for a wider spectrum of individual mental health challenges. The educational and clinical training pathways differ, as MFT programs emphasize family systems theory and relational dynamics, whereas mental health counseling tracks may incorporate broader techniques such as crisis intervention and coping strategies. Evaluating mental health counselor requirements in Saint Paul can help professionals determine the most suitable practice focus based on their career goals and the community’s needs.

What is the job market outlook for MFTs in Saint Paul, MN?

The job outlook for MFTs in Minnesota, including Saint Paul, remains strong, with employment projected to reach 5,570 by 2032. The field is expected to grow 15% from 2022 to 2032, creating about 400 annual job openings statewide.

Nationally, MFT employment is projected to grow 16% through 2033, much faster than average, driven by increasing awareness of mental health and expanded access to counseling services across various settings.

Compared to other Minnesota cities, Saint Paul ranks second in MFT concentration, just behind Minneapolis. Factors contributing to this include:

• A diverse population requiring culturally competent care
• A strong healthcare infrastructure with hospitals, community mental health centers, and private practices
• Opportunities in schools, outpatient care centers, and social service agencies

Those seeking MFT employment in Saint Paul typically must meet state licensure standards, which involve:

• Completing a master’s or doctoral degree in marriage and family therapy
• Accumulating at least 3,000 hours of supervised clinical experience
• Passing the national MFT examination
• Demonstrating skills in evidence-based therapeutic techniques and culturally competent care

Looking forward, the expanding mental health initiatives in Saint Paul suggest that opportunities for MFTs will continue to diversify, potentially including greater integration with community health programs and innovative teletherapy services tailored to the region’s diverse families.

How can MFTs advance their careers in Saint Paul, MN?

Marriage and family therapists (MFTs) in Saint Paul, MN, are positioned to benefit from a dynamic landscape of career advancement and professional growth opportunities, fueled by the region’s expanding demand for mental health services. As the mental health field evolves, aspiring MFTs can expect to engage deeply with continuing education and specialized certifications that enhance clinical skills and open doors to niche areas such as trauma therapy, substance abuse counseling, and child and adolescent therapy.

Key institutions in Saint Paul, like the University of St. Thomas and Hamline University, serve as vital resources for advanced degrees and certificate programs. These programs not only provide foundational knowledge but also foster specialization that can distinguish therapists in competitive job markets. As the healthcare sector increasingly emphasizes integrated care models, MFTs trained in interdisciplinary collaboration will likely find enhanced opportunities to expand their roles within diverse healthcare teams.

Local healthcare providers and community organizations also contribute significantly to career development. For instance, internships and residencies offered by Regions Hospital and the Minnesota Department of Human Services provide critical hands-on experience and supervisory hours essential for licensure and advanced practice. Participation in these programs can accelerate career trajectories and prepare therapists for leadership roles.

Professional networking and advocacy are further supported by organizations such as the Minnesota Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (MAMFT), which hosts workshops, networking events, and advocacy initiatives. These resources help therapists stay current with industry trends, develop leadership skills, and influence mental health policy.

Future trends suggest that MFTs in Saint Paul may increasingly benefit from:

• Growth in demand for integrated behavioral health services within medical settings
• Expanded roles in teletherapy and digital mental health platforms
• Opportunities in private practice supported by enhanced business training and mentorship
• Advanced certifications focusing on emerging therapeutic modalities and population-specific needs

By leveraging educational programs, practical experience, and professional networks, MFTs in Saint Paul can anticipate a robust career path with possibilities for specialization, leadership, and increased earning potential in the years ahead.

This chart from Zippia shows the highest educational attainment of MFTs. 

What challenges do MFTs face when building a successful practice in Saint Paul, MN?

MFTs in Saint Paul, MN encounter several practice-building challenges beyond meeting licensure and regulatory requirements. Navigating evolving insurance reimbursement policies and administrative complexities often demands strategic investments in practice management and billing systems. Differentiating services in a competitive market also requires a focused approach to digital marketing and client outreach initiatives. Leveraging local peer networks, professional associations, and specialized training can help practitioners address these challenges effectively and optimize operational efficiency. For additional insights into initial career steps and licensure pathways, consult our article on how to become a therapist in Saint Paul.

What are the legal requirements for starting a private practice as an MFT in Saint Paul, MN?

Starting a private practice as an MFT in Saint Paul, MN, requires meeting several legal and professional steps. First, obtaining a valid MFT license from the Minnesota Board of Marriage and Family Therapy is essential. This process includes completing a master’s or doctoral degree in marriage and family therapy or a related field, logging at least 2,000 supervised clinical hours, and passing the national MFT licensure exam. After licensure, therapists must register their business with the Minnesota Secretary of State and comply with local regulations, including obtaining any necessary business permits specific to Saint Paul.

While there is no exclusive business license for MFT private practices, maintaining compliance with HIPAA and Minnesota-specific privacy laws is crucial to protect client confidentiality and data security. Additionally, professional liability insurance is required to mitigate clinical risks.

Additional certifications, though not mandatory, can significantly enhance a therapist’s credibility and attract a broader client base. Specializations such as Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) or teletherapy certifications are increasingly valuable, especially as telehealth services continue to expand. In fact, there has been a 27% rise in MFTs in Saint Paul offering virtual sessions, reflecting an emerging trend that private practices may benefit from integrating flexible service delivery models.

Private practices are common in Saint Paul, with approximately 45% of licensed MFTs in the metropolitan area operating their own practices. This indicates a growing entrepreneurial spirit within the field, supported by the city’s diverse population and rising demand for mental health services.

To increase the success of a private practice, consider the following tips:

• Invest in specialized certifications to stand out in a competitive market.
• Embrace teletherapy to expand your client reach and adapt to ongoing technological changes.
• Ensure strict adherence to privacy laws and maintain comprehensive liability insurance.
• Engage in continuous professional development to stay current with evolving therapeutic approaches.
• Leverage local networking opportunities to build a referral base within Saint Paul’s community.

Looking ahead, private practices may integrate more digital tools and data-driven approaches to improve client outcomes and operational efficiency, positioning MFTs in Saint Paul to meet future demands effectively.

What MFTs Say About Their Careers in Saint Paul, MN 

Completing my marriage and family therapy program at Hamline University was truly transformative. The curriculum was rigorous, yet supportive, allowing me to deeply understand both theory and practical application. Saint Paul’s diverse community offered me countless opportunities to engage with families from different backgrounds, enriching my professional and personal growth. I love how this city values mental health, which keeps me motivated to make a real impact here every day. - Jane

Working as a marriage and family therapist in Saint Paul has opened doors I never expected. The city’s unique cultural blend means that every case presents new challenges and learning opportunities, pushing me to refine my skills constantly. I graduated from the University of St. Thomas, and the strong network there helped me advance my career quickly. It’s rewarding to know that my work directly contributes to strengthening families and building a healthier community. - Heaven

After finishing the program at Concordia University, I found that Saint Paul provides an ideal environment for professional development. The access to local resources, ongoing workshops, and collaboration with other mental health professionals has been invaluable. I appreciate the city’s commitment to mental wellness and how it encourages therapists like me to grow while serving families in need. It’s fulfilling to combine my passion for therapy with a community that truly supports our work. - Marco

Other Things You Should Know About Being an MFT in Saint Paul, MN

Can I transfer my MFT license from another city to Saint Paul, MN?

Currently, transferring an MFT license from another city to Saint Paul, MN, is not straightforward, as licensure is regulated at the state level rather than by city. Minnesota does not offer direct reciprocity for MFT licenses from other states or municipalities. However, future trends may encourage more streamlined interstate licensing through enhanced endorsement processes or expanded agreements. Therapists seeking to practice in Saint Paul must typically apply for licensure by endorsement, providing verification of education, supervised experience, and passing the AMFTRB exam. The Minnesota Board of Marriage and Family Therapy remains the key resource for updates and guidance on evolving licensing pathways.

Which industries in Saint Paul, MN employ the most MFTs?

Marriage and family therapists in Saint Paul, MN, are primarily employed in healthcare and social assistance sectors, especially mental health clinics, hospitals, and community service organizations. Most work in outpatient care centers or private practices, reflecting a growing demand for accessible, community-based mental health services. Employers commonly require licensure from the Minnesota Board of Marriage and Family Therapy, supervised clinical hours, and strong interpersonal skills. Future trends suggest increased emphasis on telehealth and integrated care models, so gaining experience through local internships and maintaining certifications in evidence-based therapies will be crucial. Networking within Saint Paul’s mental health community remains a key strategy to enhance employment opportunities.

Do you need a masters to be a therapist in Saint Paul, MN?

To become a licensed MFT in Saint Paul, MN, a master’s degree remains the fundamental educational requirement. The Minnesota Board of Marriage and Family Therapy mandates candidates complete graduate coursework focused on marriage and family therapy theory, assessment, and clinical practice. Popular degrees include a Master of Science or Master of Arts in Marriage and Family Therapy from institutions like the University of St. Thomas or Adler University. Looking ahead, evolving mental health needs and integration of technology may influence curriculum updates, possibly expanding interdisciplinary studies beyond traditional master’s programs to better prepare future therapists.

What is the fastest way to become a licensed therapist in Saint Paul, MN?

Accelerated master’s programs in Saint Paul, MN, offer a promising path to becoming a marriage and family therapist by condensing coursework into about two years, significantly faster than traditional routes. Future trends may include even more flexible, hybrid learning models to accommodate diverse student needs. To hasten licensure, aspiring MFTs should proactively seek internships at local clinics with qualified supervisors and begin accumulating the required 4,000 supervised clinical hours early. Embracing virtual supervision and innovative training platforms could further streamline this process. Preparing strategically for national and state exams will be crucial in minimizing delays and advancing careers swiftly.

References:

• O*NET OnLine (n.d.). Minnesota Employment Trends 21-1013.00 - Marriage and Family Therapists. Retrieved from https://www.onetonline.org/link/localtrends/21-1013.00?st=MN
• US BLS (2025).Marriage and Family Therapists. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/marriage-and-family-therapists.htm#tab-3
• Zippia (2025). Marriage And Family Therapist Education Requirements. Retrieved from https://www.zippia.com/marriage-and-family-therapist-jobs/education/
• ZipRecruiter (2025). Marriage And Family Therapist Salary in Saint Paul, MN. Retrieved from https://www.ziprecruiter.com/Salaries/Marriage-Family-Therapist-Salary-in-St-Paul,MN