2024 Most Valuable Online Doctorate in Psychology Degree Programs Ranking in the South

What can I expect from a Online Psychology degree in the South?

When pursuing an online psychology degree in the South, students can expect a multifaceted educational experience that is both enriching and adaptable to their individual needs. Graduates from well-regarded institutions often share their experiences, highlighting several key aspects of their programs:

• Comprehensive Curriculum: Many online psychology programs in the South, such as those offered by the University of Florida or the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provide a robust curriculum that covers essential areas like social and developmental psychology. Graduates frequently express how courses in cognitive and abnormal psychology have deepened their understanding of human behavior, preparing them for diverse career paths.
• Research Methodology Training: Students often recount the importance of learning research techniques and statistical analysis. For instance, a graduate from a prominent Southern university noted that mastering these skills not only enhanced their academic performance but also equipped them for future roles in research settings, where data interpretation is crucial.
• Practical Experience: Many programs emphasize hands-on learning through internships or research projects. A graduate from a well-known Southern institution shared how their internship at a local mental health clinic provided invaluable real-world experience, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge and develop professional connections.
• Skill Development: Graduates frequently highlight the development of essential skills such as effective communication and analytical thinking. One former student remarked that the collaborative projects in their online courses fostered teamwork skills that have proven beneficial in their current role in human resources.
• Flexible Learning Options: The flexibility of online programs is a significant advantage for many students. A graduate from a Southern university mentioned how the ability to study attheir own pace allowed them to balance coursework with family responsibilities, ultimately leading to a more fulfilling educational experience.
• Specialization Opportunities: Many institutions offer concentrations tailored to specific interests, such as clinical psychology or industrial-organizational psychology. A graduate noted that choosing a specialization aligned with their career aspirations made their education more relevant and engaging.
• Accreditation Significance: Graduates emphasize the importance of selecting accredited programs, as this ensures that their education meets recognized standards, which is vital for future employment opportunities.

These elements collectively create a supportive and enriching environment for students pursuing online psychology degrees in the South, fostering both personal and professional growth.

Where can I work with a Online Psychology degree?

Graduates with an online psychology degree from institutions in the South can anticipate a diverse range of career opportunities that leverage their understanding of human behavior. Many students from well-regarded universities, such as the University of Florida and Vanderbilt University, have shared their experiences transitioning into various roles that align with their academic training.

• Healthcare and Mental Health Services: Graduates often find fulfilling positions as psychiatric technicians or case managers. For instance, a graduate from a prominent Southern university recounted their rewarding experience working in a community mental health center, where they provided essential support to clients navigating mental health challenges.
• Education: Many alumni pursue careers as school counselors or educational coordinators. A graduate from a respected Southern college described how their role involved not only addressing academic concerns but also fostering emotional well-being among students, emphasizing the importance of developmental psychology in their daily interactions.
• Corporate Sector: The business landscape offers roles in human resources and corporate training. A graduate from a Southern university shared how their insights into employee behavior helped improve workplace dynamics, leading to enhanced team collaboration and productivity.
• Marketing and Advertising: The knowledge of consumer behavior gained through their studies allows graduates to excel as market researchers or advertising managers. One graduate highlighted their success in developing targeted campaigns that resonated with specific demographics, showcasing the practical application of psychological principles in marketing strategies.
• Social Services: Many graduates engage in social work or community service management, making a significant impact on individuals and families. A graduate reflected on their role in a nonprofit organization, where theyutilized their psychology background to advocate for vulnerable populations.
• Research and Academia: Opportunities as research assistants in academic or governmental settings are also prevalent. A graduate noted their involvement in a research project that examined behavioral trends, emphasizing the critical thinking skills honed during their studies.
• Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice: Graduates can explore careers in criminal justice, such as probation officers or behavior analysts. One graduate shared their experience applying psychological principles to understand criminal behavior, contributing to community safety initiatives.

These varied career paths illustrate the versatility of an online psychology degree, particularly from esteemed Southern institutions, and highlight the profound impact graduates can have in their chosen fields.

How much can I make with a Online Psychology degree in the South?

Graduates with an online Psychology degree in the South can expect competitive salaries across various career paths. For instance, Clinical Psychologists earn an average annual wage of approximately $102,740, translating to an hourly wage of about $49.40. This role often involves working in private practices or healthcare settings, where professionals apply their expertise to help individuals navigate mental health challenges. Graduates from well-regarded institutions in the South, such as the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, have shared their experiences of securing positions in thriving urban centers, where demand for mental health services is robust.

Research Scientists, another viable career option for Psychology graduates, command an average annual salary of $110,670, or about $53.21 per hour. This role typically involves conducting studies and experiments to advance psychological knowledge. Graduates from universities like Vanderbilt University have recounted their journeys into research, emphasizing the excitement of contributing to groundbreaking studies while enjoying the financial rewards that come with such positions.

Forensic Psychologists, who apply psychological principles within the legal system, earn an average annual wage of $99,560, or approximately $47.87 per hour. This career path has attracted graduates from institutions like Florida State University, who have expressed their passion for blending psychology with law enforcement, often finding fulfillment in roles that allow them to make a significant societal impact.

In summary, pursuing an online Psychology degree in the South can lead to lucrative career opportunities. Graduates can anticipate salaries that reflect their expertise and the growing demand for psychological services. The experiences shared by alumni from prominent Southern universities highlight not only the financial benefits but also the personal satisfaction derived from making a difference in the lives ofothers.

How long does it take to complete a Online Psychology degree in the South?

The duration required to complete an online psychology degree in the South varies significantly based on the level of the degree pursued. Generally, an associate degree in psychology can be completed in approximately two years, while a bachelor’s degree typically requires four years of full-time study. For those seeking advanced knowledge, a master’s degree usually takes an additional two years.

• Associate Degree: 2 years
• Bachelor’s Degree: 4 years
• Master’s Degree: 2 years post-bachelor’s

For instance, graduates from community colleges in the South often find that their associate degrees provide a solid foundation for further studies. Many students report that institutions like Georgia State University and the University of Alabama offer flexible online programs that allow them to balance work and study effectively. This flexibility is particularly beneficial for those who may be working in related fields, such as social services or education, while pursuing their degree.

Bachelor’s programs, such as those offered by the University of Florida and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, typically include a mix of core psychology courses and electives. Graduates from these programs often express satisfaction with the comprehensive curriculum, which not only prepares them for entry-level positions but also equips them for graduate studies.

For those considering a master’s degree, universities like Vanderbilt University and Tulane University provide robust online options that can be completed in two years. Graduates frequently highlight the importance of networking opportunities and the practical experience gained through internships, which are often integrated into the program.

In summary, the timeline for completing an online psychology degree in the South is influenced by the degree level, with associate degrees taking two years, bachelor’s degrees four years, and master’s degrees an additional two years. The supportive onlineenvironments fostered by Southern universities enhance the educational experience, making it both accessible and rewarding for students.

Licensure and Certification Requirements for Psychologists in the South

Earning an online doctorate in psychology is only the first step toward practicing professionally; understanding state licensure requirements is essential for transforming academic credentials into a valid psychology license. In the Southern United States, aspiring psychologists must typically: - Complete a regionally accredited doctorate program that meets state board standards. Accreditation ensures eligibility for exams and supervised experience. Prospective students may also explore an Inexpensive Online Bachelor's in Psychology Degree Programs Ranking in the South to begin their career path cost-effectively. - Accumulate a minimum number of supervised postdoctoral hours, often ranging from 1,500 to 3,000, under a licensed psychologist’s mentorship. Each state board specifies exact requirements—candidates in Texas, for example, must complete 3,000 hours, whereas Florida requires 1,500. - Pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP), a standardized test that assesses knowledge across nine content areas, including biological bases of behavior and ethical practices. Many programs integrate EPPP preparatory workshops or mock exams to boost pass rates. - Fulfill any additional state-specific assessments or jurisprudence exams that evaluate candidates’ understanding of local regulations and ethical codes. For instance, Louisiana mandates a jurisprudence exam on state statutes governing clinical practice. - Maintain licensure through continuing education credits—typically 20 to 40 hours biennially—focusing on topics such as cultural competency, telepsychology, and emerging therapeutic modalities. Several Southern universities offer online CE workshops to streamline compliance. By mapping out these steps in advance and choosing a program aligned with state board criteria, doctoral candidates can accelerate their transition into licensed practice, ensuring both legal compliance and professional credibility in their Southern communities.

What’s the difference between online and on-campus Psychology degree?

The distinction between online and on-campus psychology degrees primarily lies in the mode of delivery and the flexibility afforded to students. Online programs, such as those offered by universities in the South, provide a level of convenience that traditional on-campus programs may not. For instance, graduates from online psychology programs often cite the ability to balance their studies with work and family commitments as a significant advantage. This flexibility is particularly beneficial for students who may be employed in mental health settings or other related fields, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world contexts while pursuing their degree.

In contrast, on-campus programs typically offer a more structured environment, fostering direct interaction with faculty and peers. This face-to-face engagement can enhance learning through collaborative discussions and hands-on experiences, such as internships or lab work. For example, students at well-regarded institutions in the South often participate in community outreach programs, gaining invaluable practical experience that complements their academic learning.

Key differences include:

• Flexibility: Online programs allow students to study at their own pace, accommodating various schedules. This is particularly advantageous for those juggling multiple responsibilities.
• Networking Opportunities: On-campus programs often facilitate networking through in-person events, workshops, and seminars, which can be crucial for future employment.
• Learning Environment: Online students may miss out on the immediate feedback and support that comes from in-person interactions, which can enhance understanding and retention of complex psychological concepts.

Graduates from both formats have successfully entered the workforce, with many securing positions in counseling, social work, and research. Ultimately, the choice between online and on-campus psychology degrees in the South should alignwith individual learning preferences, career goals, and lifestyle considerations, ensuring that students select the path that best suits their needs.

Admission Requirements and Processes for Online Doctorate in Psychology Programs in the South

Admission to online doctorate in psychology programs in the South typically requires a master's degree in psychology or a related field, with a strong academic record and relevant work experience. The application process usually involves submitting transcripts, letters of recommendation, a personal statement, and GRE scores. Some programs may also require prerequisite courses, such as statistics and research methods. It is essential for applicants to review the specific admission requirements for each program, as they may vary. For instance, some programs may prioritize applicants with a background in clinical psychology, while others may focus on research experience. Understanding the admission requirements and processes can help prospective students prepare and increase their chances of being accepted into a top online doctorate in psychology program in the South. Additionally, many programs offer online application portals, making it easier for students to submit their applications and track their progress. Some universities may also offer rolling admissions or multiple start dates, providing more flexibility for students to begin their programs. By carefully reviewing the admission requirements and processes, students can find the program that best fits their needs and goals, ultimately leading to a successful and fulfilling educational experience.

What is the average cost of a Online Psychology degree in the South?

The average cost of obtaining an online psychology degree in the Southern United States can vary significantly, reflecting the diverse educational landscape of the region. Based on recent data, the median total cost for an online psychology degree stands at approximately $53,050, with in-state students benefiting from a more affordable median cost of around $18,180. In contrast, out-of-state students may encounter a median total cost of $54,900, which underscores the financial implications of residency status.

When considering the financial commitment involved, it is essential to recognize the average tuition costs for general psychology majors. For in-state public colleges, students typically face an average tuition of $7,070, while out-of-state private colleges charge an average of $32,954. This disparity highlights the importance of selecting the right institution based on one’s residency and financial situation. Understanding the average cost of online psychology degree in the South can help students make more informed choices.

Graduates from various universities in the South often share their experiences regarding the financial aspects of their education. For instance, students attending well-regarded public universities may find that their in-state tuition allows them to graduate with significantly less debt compared to their out-of-state peers. Additionally, many institutions offer robust financial aid packages, including scholarships and grants, which can alleviate some of the financial burdens.

Key financial considerations for prospective students include:

• Tuition Fees: Understanding the difference between in-state and out-of-state tuition can lead to substantial savings.
• Financial Aid: Actively seeking scholarships and grants can significantly reduce overall costs.
• Living Expenses: Urban campuses may present higher living costs, which should be factored into the total budget.
• Additional Costs: Budgeting for textbooks,technology fees, and internship-related expenses is crucial for a comprehensive financial plan.

By carefully evaluating these factors, students can make informed decisions that align with their financial capabilities while pursuing their passion for psychology in the vibrant educational environment of the South. For those considering a career in counseling, understanding the pathway to becoming a licensed counselor in Florida can also be beneficial. More information can be found here.

In conclusion, prospective students should weigh the tuition fees for online doctorate in psychology South against their financial situations and career aspirations. By doing so, they can navigate the educational landscape more effectively and pursue their goals in psychology with confidence.

Future Trends in Online Psychology Education

As the landscape of online education continues to evolve, prospective psychology students can look forward to innovative learning methodologies and enhanced digital tools that promise to reshape their academic journey. Emerging trends include an increased integration of artificial intelligence for personalized learning, the adoption of virtual reality environments for realistic simulations, and the expansion of telepsychology practices that bridge the gap between theory and real-world applications. These advancements are not only making programs more accessible and engaging but are also ensuring that graduates remain at the forefront of a rapidly transforming field. Additionally, many institutions are intensifying their emphasis on offering competitive, affordable advanced degrees. For instance, interested students might explore a list of most affordable masters degrees in psychology online, which can provide an accessible pathway to further their education and career prospects. With these progressive developments on the horizon, online psychology programs are well-positioned to deliver a robust, future-ready curriculum that aligns with both industry demands and modern learning preferences.

What financial aid is available to Online Psychology degree students in the South?

Pursuing an online psychology degree in the South can be a financially viable option, thanks to a robust array of financial aid resources tailored for students in this region. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is a critical first step for students, as it opens the door to federal loans, grants, and work-study opportunities. Completing the FAFSA can significantly reduce educational costs, allowing students to focus more on their studies rather than financial burdens.

Several grants specifically cater to psychology students, enhancing affordability. For instance, the Pell Grant, designed for undergraduates with substantial financial need, can cover a significant portion of tuition for up to 12 semesters. Graduates from a well-known Southern university recounted how the Pell Grant alleviated their financial stress, enabling them to dedicate more time to their coursework and internships. Additionally, the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) offers awards ranging from $100 to $4,000 annually, although funds are limited. One graduate shared that receiving the FSEOG allowed them to participate in valuable research projects that enriched their academic experience.

The TEACH Grant is another noteworthy option, providing up to $4,000 per year for students committed to teaching in high-need fields. This grant not only supports educational aspirations but also fosters a sense of purpose among recipients, as they contribute to underserved communities. A graduate from a prominent Southern college expressed gratitude for this grant, stating it motivated them to pursue a career in educational psychology.

Moreover, the Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grant serves students whose parents died in military service, ensuring that those who have sacrificed for their country can still access higher education. Federal student loans, while requiring repayment, remain a common funding source, allowing students to bridge any financial gaps.

Inaddition to federal aid, students should actively seek local scholarships and grants offered by state agencies and nonprofit organizations. Many graduates have successfully navigated their financial journeys by combining various forms of aid, allowing them to focus on their passion for psychology without the overwhelming burden of debt. By leveraging these financial resources, students can embark on their educational journeys with confidence and optimism.

The Importance of Accreditation in Online Doctorate in Psychology Programs

Accreditation is a critical factor to consider when selecting an online doctorate in psychology program, as it ensures that the institution meets certain standards of quality and rigor. The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) and the American Psychological Association (APA) are two of the primary accrediting agencies for psychology programs in the United States. Accreditation by one of these agencies signifies that the program has undergone a rigorous review process and has been found to meet specific standards related to faculty qualifications, curriculum, and student outcomes. When evaluating online doctorate in psychology programs, it is essential to look for accreditation from one of these recognized agencies, as it can impact the validity and recognition of the degree earned. Furthermore, many employers and state licensing boards require graduates to have completed an accredited program to be eligible for employment or licensure. Therefore, verifying the accreditation status of an online doctorate in psychology program is a crucial step in ensuring that the degree earned will be recognized and respected in the field.

Licensure and Certification Pathways

Understanding Licensure Requirements Graduates of an online doctorate in psychology must navigate rigorous licensure processes to practice professionally. In the South, each state licensure board mandates completion of an APA-accredited doctoral program, a specified number of supervised postdoctoral hours (typically 1,500–2,000), and passage of the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP). Candidates should verify state-specific regulations via their Board of Psychology’s website, as requirements for supervised experience and jurisprudence exams can vary. Supervised Experience and Internship Options Most programs integrate practicum and internship placements to fulfill supervised-hour requirements. Students often partner with local clinics, hospitals, or telehealth platforms to accrue hours under a licensed psychologist’s guidance. Early planning is crucial: applicants should confirm that internship sites meet state board standards and that supervisors hold valid licenses. Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) The EPPP is the national licensing exam administered by the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB). Preparing for the EPPP involves mastering content areas such as ethics, assessment, intervention, and research methods. Many online doctorate students supplement their studies with targeted review courses or study groups to improve pass rates. Certifications and Specializations Beyond state licensure, many graduates pursue specialty certifications—such as board certification in clinical psychology or credentials like the Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA). For those interested in behavior analysis, exploring the best online aba programs can also complement licensure preparation and expand career opportunities. Continuing Education and Renewal Maintaining licensure requires ongoing professional development. Most Southern states mandate 20–40 continuing education credits every 1–2 years, including ethics and diversity training. Graduates should track renewal deadlines and approved CE providers to ensure uninterrupted practice.

What types of specializations are available in a Online Psychology program in the South?

Students pursuing online psychology degrees in the South have access to a diverse array of specializations that cater to their individual interests and career goals. With 126,900 psychology degrees conferred in the 2020-21 academic year, representing 6% of all degrees awarded, the demand for specialized knowledge in this field is evident. The following specializations are particularly prominent in Southern institutions:

• Clinical Psychology: Graduates often recount their experiences in rigorous training programs that prepare them for real-world challenges in mental health settings. For instance, one graduate shared how their clinical internship at a local hospital provided invaluable hands-on experience in diagnosing and treating patients.
• Counseling Psychology: Many students express a passion for helping others navigate life’s challenges. A graduate from a well-regarded Southern university noted that their coursework in therapeutic techniques was instrumental in their success at a community mental health clinic, where they provided support to individuals facing significant life transitions. This specialization is one of the many online psychology specializations in the South that attract students eager to make a difference.
• Forensic Psychology: This specialization attracts those interested in the intersection of psychology and law. A graduate described their excitement in working alongside law enforcement during their internship, where they applied psychological principles to assist in criminal investigations.
• Sports Psychology: Students drawn to this field often share their enthusiasm for working with athletes. One graduate recounted how their studies in sports psychology allowed them to help a college athlete manage performance anxiety, leading to improved competition outcomes.
• Developmental Psychology: Many graduates find fulfillment in studying psychological growth, particularly in children. One individual reflected on theirresearch project focused on early childhood development, which was pivotal in shaping their career in educational settings.
• Industrial-Organizational Psychology: This area appeals to those interested in workplace dynamics. A graduate highlighted their role in a corporate internship, where they implemented strategies to enhance employee satisfaction and productivity.
• Health Psychology: Graduates in this specialization often work in healthcare environments, promoting wellness. One student shared their rewarding experience in a health promotion program, where they helped individuals manage chronic illnesses through psychological interventions.
• Educational Psychology: Students pursuing this path frequently engage in research on effective teaching methods. A graduate noted how their research project on learning strategies significantly impacted their approach to educational settings. This focus on research is crucial for those considering the best online doctorate psychology programs in the South.

These specializations not only enhance knowledge but also significantly improve job prospects, allowing graduates to tailor their education to meet the licensing and certification requirements specific to their state. The emotional rewards of helping others and contributing to various fields make these programs particularly appealing to students in the South. For those interested in related fields, exploring options in community and social services can also be beneficial. You can find more information on this topic community and social services.

How do you choose the best Online Psychology degree program in the South?

When selecting an online psychology degree program in the South, several critical factors warrant careful consideration to ensure a fulfilling educational journey and successful career trajectory.

• Accreditation: It is imperative to choose a program accredited by a recognized body, such as the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC). Accreditation not only signifies adherence to quality standards but also enhances employability and eligibility for advanced studies. Graduates often recount how attending an accredited institution opened doors to competitive internships and job placements. This is particularly important when considering the best online psychology programs in the South, as accreditation can significantly impact your educational experience.
• Program Offerings: The diversity of specializations available within psychology can significantly influence your career path. Programs may offer concentrations in clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology. For instance, a graduate from a well-regarded Southern university shared that the unique focus on forensic psychology in their curriculum allowed them to secure a position in a criminal justice agency, aligning perfectly with their career aspirations. This variety is essential for those looking to pursue a top doctorate in psychology online South, as it allows for tailored educational experiences.
• Flexibility and Format: The flexibility of the program is crucial, especially for those balancing work or family commitments. Many successful graduates emphasized the importance of asynchronous courses that allowed them to study at their own pace. Additionally, programs that incorporate internships or practical experiences can provide invaluable hands-on learning opportunities, which are essential in the field of psychology.
• Support Services: Robust support services, including academic advising and career counseling, can greatly enhance the onlinelearning experience. Graduates often highlight how access to these resources helped them navigate challenges and make informed decisions about their future, whether entering the workforce or pursuing graduate studies. For those interested in counseling careers, understanding available support can be vital, especially when exploring options like lpc job openings iowa.
• Cost and Financial Aid: Tuition rates can vary significantly among institutions, making it essential to compare costs and explore financial aid options. Many Southern universities offer competitive pricing and various scholarships, which can alleviate the financial burden of education.
• Reputation and Outcomes: Researching the institution's reputation and graduate outcomes is vital. Graduates frequently mention how their university's strong job placement rates and partnerships with local organizations facilitated their entry into the workforce, underscoring the importance of choosing a program with a proven track record.

Ultimately, the decision to enter the workforce or pursue further education is influenced by personal experiences, relationships, and self-knowledge. By carefully evaluating these factors, prospective students can select an online psychology degree program that aligns with their academic and professional goals, paving the way for a successful future in the field.

What career paths are available For Online Psychology graduates in the South?

Graduates of psychology degree programs in the South have a diverse array of career paths available to them, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the discipline. Many graduates find themselves drawn to applied careers, with 56% pursuing roles in settings such as healthcare, education, and corporate environments. This trend underscores the practical application of psychological principles in various sectors, allowing graduates to make meaningful contributions to society.

• Counseling and Therapy: A significant number of graduates from Southern universities, such as those in Texas and Florida, often enter counseling roles. They may work in community mental health centers or private practices, providing essential support to individuals facing mental health challenges. One graduate recounted how their online degree equipped them with the skills to effectively engage with clients, leading to a fulfilling career in family therapy. This pathway is particularly appealing for those considering online psychology careers in the South, as it offers flexibility and accessibility.
• Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Another prominent path is in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology, where graduates apply psychological principles to workplace issues. A graduate from a well-regarded university in Georgia shared their experience of enhancing employee satisfaction and productivity through research-driven interventions. This field not only offers lucrative salaries but also opportunities for advancement into leadership roles within organizations. Graduates with an online doctorate in psychology may find numerous job opportunities in this area, leveraging their advanced training to address complex workplace challenges.
• Educational Psychology: Many graduates also gravitate towards educational psychology, working within schools to support student learning and development. A graduate from a South Carolina institution described their journey into this field,emphasizing the joy of helping students overcome learning barriers and achieve their academic goals. This path often leads to roles in administration or specialized educational programs, further expanding career opportunities. Those interested in social work may also explore related fields, such as pursuing social work degrees in Texas, which can complement their psychology background.
• Research and Academia: For those inclined towards academia, 45% of I-O psychology graduates pursue careers in educational settings. A graduate from a Louisiana university reflected on their transition from student to professor, highlighting the satisfaction derived from mentoring the next generation of psychologists. This path not only fosters personal growth but also contributes to the advancement of psychological research.

In summary, the career trajectories available to psychology graduates in the South are both varied and rewarding. The combination of practical experience and academic knowledge gained through online programs positions graduates to thrive in their chosen fields, ultimately leading to impactful careers that benefit individuals and communities alike. For those considering a career in social work, additional resources can be found at social work degrees texas.