55 Education Statistics for 2025: Global Data, Latest Trends & Predictions

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Education is generally recognized not only as an important process for personal and professional development. Many also recognize access to it as a fundamental right. As such, both non-government and government organizations have been striving to provide access to everyone, no matter where they are or their backgrounds. However, there is still a long way to go. In a study conducted by UNESCO (2019), only 260 million children worldwide do not still have rights and access to education.

On the positive side of the spectrum, traditional learning is no longer the only option for acquiring education and the increase in the number of options has become beneficial to some. While academic institutions, such as schools and universities, remain as the primary options for receiving formal education, there are also alternative methods of learning that are now being acknowledged to be just as good—if not better—as learning in the traditional classroom setting.

In this article, we will explore the different aspects of education across the globe, including the current state of education in different countries, as well as the challenges encountered in providing quality education for everyone, especially at a time of a pandemic.

The Global Out-of-School Population Rate

The term ‘out-of-school’ population (children and youth) pertains to young individuals aged three to 25 years who are either not attending schools or who have dropped out of their studies without completing their basic or compulsory education (Vayachuta et al., 2016).

Based on the 2018 data reported by UNESCO Institute of Statistics or UIS (2019), there is no progress in reducing out of school rates. This harsh reality is apparent, especially in low-income countries.

A total of 258.4 million individuals (children, adolescents, and youth) are out of school in 2018.
In low-income countries, 68.2 million do not attend school compared to 5.7 million in high-income countries.
Lower-middle-income countries, however, have the highest number of out-of-school population at 148.9 million.

Highest out-of-school rate by region

By region, Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest out-of-school rate across all age groups (primary school age, lower secondary school age, and upper secondary school age) in 2018 (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2019, p. 4).

According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF, 2014, cited in Nazir & Hameed 2019), the reasons why children and adolescents are out-of-school fall under four major categories, (education) quality, supply, demand, and environment. Worldwide, the total number of out-of-school youth is 63 million, while there are currently 58 million children of primary school age are out of school (Shanker et al., 2015).

Sub-Saharan Africa’s out-of-school rate in 2018 reached 31.2% or 97.5 million of the region’s population.
Southern Asian region follows Sub-Saharan Africa with 21.5% out of school rate, which represents 93 million children, adolescents, and adults who are not in school.
South Sudan has the highest out-of-school rate for children in the primary level at 62%, followed by Equatorial Guinea (55%), Eritrea (47%), and Mali (41%).
The rate of exclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa is also the highest with 19% of children denied the right to attend primary school.
Northern Africa and Western Asia are reported to have a 9% exclusion rate, followed by Southern Asia.
20% or 12 million primary-age children across the globe have not attended school as of 2018.
1/3 of the recorded out-of-school children have attended school in the past and dropped out.
45% of out-of-school children who are likely to attend school late will be overage for their grade level.
Globally, the out-of-school rate for lower secondary school age group (15.6%) is twice as high as the primary school age group (8.2%).
The upper secondary school level has the highest out-of-school rate with 138 million youth not attending upper secondary school in 2018.
In the Sub-Saharan region, 58% of the youth population are out of school, followed by Southern Asia with an out-of-school youth population of 46%.

The persisting gender disparity among out-of-school population

UNESCO’s data also shows the apparent gender disparity among out-of-school children, adolescents, and youth. In most regions, the number of out-of-school girls is often larger than the number of out-of-school boys (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2019, p. 8-9). It is then no wonder that fewer women get to excel in STEM careers worldwide.

Central Asia is reported to have the widest gender disparity rate (GPI) of 1.27.
Central Asia also has the widest gender disparity at the lower secondary school level with 28.5% out-school-rate for girls compared to 25% for boys.
Northern Africa and Western Asia are the regions where girls are more likely to be denied the right to attend school than boys across every school-age group.

In European and North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, girls have a lower out-of-school rate compared to boys (UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2019, p. 4):

In the Latin America and the Caribbean region, the female population has a lower out-of-school rate across all ages compared to the male population, 9.2% and 9.9%, respectively.
In Eastern and Southeastern Asia, out-of-school children, adolescent, and youth are made up of 13.8 million girls and 18.8 million boys.

The role played by poverty

Poverty remains one of the biggest factors that hinders access to quality education. As reported by the UIS (2019), the countries with the highest out-of-school rate are also among the poorest countries in the world. Not every country gets to have the funds and support that Title 1 schools in the United States get.

Low-income countries have a 19% primary level out-of-school rate compared to only 2% in high-income countries.
Lower secondary level out of school rate is 39% in low-income countries and 3% in high-income countries.
In the upper secondary level, low-income countries have a 61% out-of-school rate compared to only 8% in high-income countries.
In low-income countries, 65% of girls between the age of 15 and 17 are not in school.
7% of girls from 15 to 17 years are not in school. In 39 out of 99 countries, fewer than 50% of the poorest children have completed primary school.

Global Literacy

Despite the little progress or lack thereof in the global fight against out-of-school rate, global literacy rate continues on its positive trend.

Youth literacy rate across the globe has increased from 81% to 92% from 1985 to 2018.
Across countries where youth literacy data is available, 70% have either eradicated or nearly eradicated illiteracy among the youth age group.
Two out of every three countries reported that the youth literacy rate is nearly equal between males and females.
In the Asia Pacific (APAC) region, seven countries reported more than 95% net enrollment rate for primary education.
In terms of literacy rate, nine APAC countries reported above 90% rate in adult literacy in 2018.
The average literacy rate in Latin America and the Caribbean among the youth population was 98.54% in 2018.
West and Central Africa have the lowest literacy rate among the youth, which is less than 50%.

Traditional Education and Home-Based Learning

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is an international organization with 37 member countries working together to promote policies that aim to improve economic freedom and social welfare of the people in developed nations. One of its most notable programs is the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which is a worldwide study that aims to evaluate the educational systems of both member and non-member countries based on the scholastic performance of 15-year-old students on reading, science, and mathematics.

PISA’s assessments have made a significant impact on the process of creating and improving education-related policies at both national and international levels. Among these policies include determining whether a private entity or a public agency has the ultimate power to decide on affairs concerning an academic institution (OECD, 2016, 56). Based on a report released by OECD in 2012, here are some statistics and trends relevant to private and public school systems across participating countries:

Among OECD countries, an average of 82.1% of students attends public schools compared to 17.9% of students who go to private schools.
The Russian Federation has the highest number of students who attend public schools at 99.9%. Ninety-six percent of students in Macau, China go to private school and only 4% attend public schools.
Hongkong has the second-highest percentage of students who attend private schools at 92.6%.

Home-based education has been the norm for thousands of years not just in Western countries but all around the world (Ray, 2017, p. 85). This norm, however, changed drastically during the latter part of the 19th century, especially in the United States. During the 1900s, the majority of school-age children started attending academic institutions. Home-based education, however, gradually returned and is now considered a viable option for education among mainstream American families (Ray, 2017).

The homeschool population has an estimated growth of 2% to 8% per annum.
Around 3.2 million American adults have been homeschooled for at least one year during their K-12 years.
The number of homeschooled students in the U.S. increased from 850,000 in 1999 to 1.69 million in 2016.
The most common reason for homeschooling is to provide children with religious and moral instruction.

Special Education Systems in Different Parts of the World

The goal to enhance inclusivity and provide equal access to education benefits children, youth, and adults with disabilities. According to a report by UNESCO (2018), the average percentage of non-disabled persons and disabled persons between the age of 15 and 29 who attend school yields a disability disparity index of 0.89.

77% of persons with disabilities attend school compared to 87% of persons without disabilities.
In Cuba, an annual report shows the recent state of special education in the country until 2019 (Pasquali, 2019).
In Cuba, the number of students enrolled in schools for children with special needs continued to decrease from 2014 to 2019.
The number of special education schools in Cuba has also decreased from 363 in 2014 to 342 in 2019.
The number of special education graduates in Cuba increased from 5,271 in the school year 2016-2017 to 5,371 in the school year 2018-2019.
In the U.S., there are 1,903 special education schools recorded during the school year 2017-2018 (NCES, n.d.).
In Japan, there are 1,141 schools for children with special needs, the majority of these schools are public institutions.

What are emerging trends in adaptive and personalized learning?

Adaptive learning strategies and personalized education models are redefining how content is delivered and assessed. Emerging technologies utilize data analytics and AI to tailor learning experiences to individual student needs, thereby enhancing engagement and outcomes. These innovations support non-traditional pathways and offer flexible alternatives to conventional classroom models, such as online graduate certificates. Integrating these cutting-edge practices into educational ecosystems has the potential to increase accessibility, encourage continuous improvement, and meet the evolving demands of the workforce without duplicating previous policy or funding discussions.

Can Accelerated Online Programs Enhance Career Transitions?

Accelerated online programs have emerged as a strategic response to evolving workforce demands by offering focused, time-efficient pathways to gain industry-relevant skills. These programs enable learners to bypass lengthy traditional curricula and enter the job market with targeted competencies that address immediate sector needs. Participants benefit from streamlined coursework designed to quickly build practical expertise, thus facilitating swift career transitions and enhanced employability. For professionals seeking rapid upskilling, exploring options such as our guide What degree can I get online in 6 months? can provide valuable insights into flexible learning opportunities.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Education

The COVID-19 pandemic has left a major impact on education, which was felt in many countries across the globe. While the rapid adjustments made by the education sector across all levels may have been made with the best intentions, these proactive decisions may prove to be inadequate in addressing the day-to-day realities of students, parents, caregivers, and teachers who belong to the marginalized sectors of society (Aguliera & Nightengale-Lee, 2020).

School closures have led to drastic changes in learning approach, leaning toward remote learning in an attempt to reduce the negative effects of interrupted learning. This, however, does not change the fact that billions of students are affected, even those who are studying the easiest college majors.

According to The World Bank, 1.6 billion children and youth are out of school in 161 countries as of March 28, 2020 (Saavedra, 2020).
As of June 24, 2020, the number of students who are still out of school due to the COVID-19 pandemic went down to 61.8% from 80% in March.
In the U.S., 489 schools were closed as of March 2020 (Education Week, 2020).
As of May 15, 2020, 49 U.S. states had closed schools in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

To mitigate the loss of learning, online class and other education resources are being utilized in different countries. In Romania, a survey of parents of students assessed how a child’s homework and school-related activities are monitored (Sava, 2020).

90% of respondents reveal that their children upload their homework on different communication channels or platforms.
83% of respondents claim that their children create a portfolio of all assignments that will be checked later on.
75% of respondents state that their children’s activities are observed by the teacher during online video sessions.

But while online learning has become one of the best alternatives to a traditional class, it also comes with limitations as shown in another study conducted among students in Romania (Sava, 2020). This challenge also scales up to higher education and even adult education espousing andragogy learning theory.

The majority of respondents (65.3%) claim that the most significant limitation of online learning is the lack of genuine communication or human contact.
63.8% of the respondents claim that the lack of personalized support for students with special needs is one of online learning’s limitations.

The Role of Technology in Bridging Educational Gaps

Technology has emerged as a transformative force in resolving some of the persisting educational challenges across the globe. In many regions, digital tools are mitigating barriers such as lack of infrastructure, insufficient instructional resources, and the shortage of trained teachers. For instance, initiatives such as mobile learning platforms and open education resources enable students in underserved areas to access quality educational materials without the need for traditional classroom setups.

One promising element of this digital transformation is the rise of online degrees that empower individuals to earn degrees remotely. These programs provide a flexible and accessible avenue for lifelong learning, especially for working professionals and parents seeking to improve their credentials. In particular, online programs have proven to be a lifeline in promoting education equity by bridging geographic and socioeconomic divides.

However, gaps remain in technology integration due to disparities in internet accessibility and digital literacy. Governments and global initiatives must work hand-in-hand to increase investments in technological infrastructure and equip both educators and learners with adequate digital skills. Teachers should also be able to access better support to pursue quality online education programs that allow them to acquire advanced and new skills. By addressing these hurdles, technology can solidify its role as a cornerstone in the quest for universal and inclusive education.

How Can Higher Education Offer Quality Learning at Affordable Prices?

Institutions are under increasing pressure to deliver cost‐effective programs without sacrificing academic rigor. Strategic investments in digital learning, streamlined curricula, and collaborative partnerships have proven essential in reducing operational expenses while maintaining high-quality standards. Emerging financial models and public–private initiatives have enhanced accessibility for learners, allowing them to pursue cost-effective alternatives. For instance, students can explore options like the cheapest bachelor degree to access flexible, value-driven educational opportunities that align with modern workforce demands.

What strategies can optimize education funding and policy reform?

Governments and stakeholders must align fiscal policies with long-term educational objectives to secure consistent investments in infrastructure, curriculum innovation, and workforce development. Fostering transparent public‐private partnerships and performance‐based funding models can advance equitable resource distribution and facilitate modern learning solutions. Additionally, supporting alternative pathways—such as pursuing an easiest associates degree—can diversify access to vocational and technical education, contributing to a resilient and inclusive educational ecosystem.

How Can Alternative Certification Programs Bridge the Skills Gap?

Alternative certification programs focused on practical, industry-relevant skills are gaining prominence as an effective complement to traditional academic pathways. These programs enable participants to quickly acquire competencies that align with current market demands, thereby enhancing employability and contributing to long-term economic growth. Graduates of these initiatives often benefit from accelerated career entry and competitive earnings, demonstrating the value of targeted skill development. For further insights into programs that offer significant returns on investment, consider exploring short certificate programs that pay well.

What makes flexible bachelor's degree programs appealing in today’s learning environment?

Flexible bachelor's degree programs offer non-traditional learners adaptive pathways that align academic pursuits with professional and personal responsibilities. These programs leverage digital platforms and competency-based approaches to provide personalized, cost-effective alternatives to conventional education. They reduce time-to-completion while ensuring that graduates acquire skills that meet current market demands. Comprehensive analyses on program accessibility and design factors can be further explored in resources such as what is the easiest degree to get.

How Can Online Doctoral Programs Drive Innovation in Education?

Online doctoral programs offer a flexible framework that enables advanced research and cross-disciplinary collaboration while overcoming geographical constraints. These programs allow professionals to design research agendas that address emerging global challenges with innovative methodologies. Enhanced digital collaboration tools and tailored coursework support scholars in aligning their academic pursuits with industry needs, ultimately fostering a dynamic environment for thought leadership. For details on accessible advanced research pathways, consider exploring PhD online programs.

What role does teacher training play in improving global education outcomes for 2025?

Teacher training plays a critical role in shaping the quality of education around the world. As the education landscape evolves, the need for well-prepared and adaptable educators becomes more evident. However, despite its importance, teacher training often faces challenges related to accessibility, funding, and keeping up with modern educational needs.

Here’s how effective teacher training can significantly impact education for 2025:

Improved student performance: Well-trained teachers are better equipped to implement diverse teaching methodologies, effectively manage classrooms, and meet the needs of individual students. This leads to improved learning outcomes, especially in under-resourced and rural areas where educational gaps are most pronounced.
Integration of technology: With the rise of digital learning platforms, teachers need to be trained to integrate technology into their teaching strategies. Training on the use of educational software, virtual classrooms, and e-learning tools can help teachers bridge the digital divide, especially in low-income countries.
Supporting inclusive education: Teacher training that focuses on inclusive practices ensures that educators are prepared to work with students from diverse backgrounds, including those with disabilities. Training in this area fosters a more equitable learning environment, allowing all students to benefit from quality education.
Adapting to global education trends: As education becomes more globalized, teachers need to stay current with international trends such as competency-based learning, critical thinking, and 21st-century skills. Continuous professional development opportunities allow teachers to adapt their methods to meet global education standards.

The State of Education in the 21st Century

In 2015, leading organizations including UNESCO, UNICEF, and The World Bank organized The World Education Forum in Incheon, South Korea. This conference brought together 1,600 participants from 160 countries. With representatives from all over the world, The World Education Forum 2015 culminated in the Incheon Declaration for Education 2030, which set a vision of what education should be in the next 15 years, including for those who are pursuing a creatively flexible degree like a culinary arts major (World Educators Forum, 2015, p. 5).

Also called SDG4-Education 2030, a significant part of the declaration is to achieve the following sustainable development goals within a 15-year-period (World Educators Forum, 2015, p. 20-21):

Ensure that all girls and boys can complete “free equitable and quality primary and secondary education" that can lead them to “relevant and effective learning outcomes."
Ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood education to prepare them for primary education.
Ensure that all women and men have equal access to quality and affordable tertiary education, including university as well as technical and vocational learning.
Ensure that there’s a substantial increase in the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills for employment, decent jobs, and entrepreneurship.
Eliminate gender disparities and ensure equal access to education and vocational training for persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and children in vulnerable situations.
Ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of the adult population achieve literacy and numeracy.
Ensure that all learners will be equipped with knowledge and skills to promote sustainable development.
Build and upgrade learning facilities that are safe, non-violent, and inclusive.
Substantially increase the number of qualified teachers in less developed countries and states.

Five years after the declaration was proclaimed, the global state of education has yet to experience a significant change. With 2030 only 10 years away and the current pandemic slowing down the progress toward the goals set for global education, only time will tell how things will turn out in the end. But with the combined efforts of government and non-government organizations around the world, the progress may be delayed but will continue to press forward, albeit gradually.

Key Insights

Global Education Access: Despite efforts to improve education access, 260 million children worldwide still lack fundamental educational rights and access.
Alternative Learning Methods: Beyond traditional learning in schools, alternative education methods like online learning and homeschooling are gaining recognition as effective ways to acquire knowledge.
Out-of-School Rates: In 2018, 258.4 million children, adolescents, and youth were out of school globally, with the highest rates in low-income countries and regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia.
Gender Disparity: There is a significant gender disparity in out-of-school rates, particularly in regions like Central Asia, Northern Africa, and Western Asia, where girls are more likely to be out of school than boys.
Impact of Poverty: Poverty remains a critical barrier to education, with higher out-of-school rates in low-income countries compared to high-income countries across all educational levels.
Global Literacy Rates: Despite challenges, global youth literacy rates have improved from 81% to 92% between 1985 and 2018, with notable progress in the Asia Pacific region and Latin America.
Traditional vs. Home-Based Education: Public schools are the primary education providers, but homeschooling is growing, especially in the U.S., where the number of homeschooled students increased from 850,000 in 1999 to 1.69 million in 2016.
Special Education: Efforts to provide inclusive education for children with disabilities continue, but disparities remain, with lower school attendance rates among disabled individuals.
COVID-19 Impact: The pandemic has drastically affected education, with 1.6 billion children and youth out of school at its peak. Remote learning has become essential, though it has limitations, especially for students requiring personalized support.
Future Education Goals: The Incheon Declaration for Education 2030 aims to ensure equitable and quality education for all, focusing on inclusivity, gender equality, and skill development for sustainable development.

FAQ

What is the current global situation regarding access to education? Despite global efforts, 260 million children worldwide still lack fundamental educational rights and access. This issue is particularly pronounced in low-income countries and regions with high poverty rates.
How are alternative learning methods recognized today? Alternative learning methods, including online education and homeschooling, are increasingly recognized as effective means of acquiring knowledge, providing flexibility and accessibility that traditional classroom settings may lack.
What regions have the highest out-of-school rates? Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia have the highest out-of-school rates. In 2018, Sub-Saharan Africa's out-of-school rate reached 31.2%, and Southern Asia had a 21.5% out-of-school rate.
How does gender disparity affect education access? Gender disparity remains a significant issue, especially in Central Asia, Northern Africa, and Western Asia, where girls are more likely to be out of school than boys. This disparity hinders progress toward gender equality in education.
How does poverty impact education access? Poverty is a major barrier to education, with low-income countries experiencing higher out-of-school rates across all educational levels compared to high-income countries. This disparity underscores the need for targeted interventions in impoverished regions.
What improvements have been made in global literacy rates? Global youth literacy rates have improved from 81% to 92% between 1985 and 2018. Significant progress has been made in regions like the Asia Pacific and Latin America, although challenges remain in areas with lower literacy rates.
What is the trend in homeschooling in the U.S.? Homeschooling is growing in popularity in the U.S., with the number of homeschooled students increasing from 850,000 in 1999 to 1.69 million in 2016. The primary reason for homeschooling is to provide religious and moral instruction.
How is special education being addressed globally? Efforts to provide inclusive education for children with disabilities are ongoing, but disparities remain. Attendance rates for disabled individuals are lower compared to their non-disabled peers, highlighting the need for more inclusive education policies.

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