Geography Degree Jobs for 2025: Requirements, Career & Salary

by Imed Bouchrika, Phd

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Share

Finding job opportunities in the field of geography can be a challenge due to the limited number of positions and the large number of people vying for those roles (BLS, 2020a). To increase your chances of success, it is important to remember that job postings may not always include the term “geographer." To locate potential opportunities, it is helpful to look beyond just the term “geographer."

If you’re a student with a major in geography and are curious about the career opportunities available to you, then continue to read. We have also included information about geography itself and some of the famous figures who have obtained degrees in this field.

Geography Jobs Table of Contents

1. What Is Geography?
2. Key Geography Statistics
3. What are the Requirements to Study Geography?
4. The Role of Fieldwork in a Geography Degree
5. How to Choose a Geography Program or Specialization
6. How Much Does It Cost to Study Geography?
7. How Long Does It Take to Become an Accredited Geographer?
8. The Best Universities to Study Geography for 2025
9. Which Academic Path Boosts Salary Potential in Geography Careers?
10. Possible Careers for Geography Majors
11. How Much Do Geographers Earn?
12. What are the emerging technology trends in geography careers?
13. What Essential Skills Should I Develop for a Competitive Geography Career?
14. Is an Associate Degree a Viable Launchpad for a Geography Career?
15. Can Professional Associations and Mentorship Accelerate My Geography Career?
16. How Can I Verify the Accreditation and Quality Standards of Geography Programs?
17. Famous People Who Studied Geography
18. Alternative Career Paths for Geography Graduates
19. How Can an Accredited Online Bachelor's Degree Boost My Geography Career?
20. Is Pursuing a Doctorate Worth It for a Geography Career?

Geographers possess analytical and research skills that can be applied to a wide range of industries, including law, business, and finance. They enter the workplace to undertake many different types of jobs. There are some sectors of the economy that require very specific geographical skills or knowledge; such as, the use of geo-spatial data and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) (Brace, 2012).

Aside from specific geographic skills, professional geographers in the United States workforce also reported performing general skills. For example, 85.5% of geography graduates working in the government “always or very often" need to exercise teamwork, 80.6% need to use their writing skills, 74.2% need to use their public speaking skills, and 72.1% need to use their creative thinking skills (Solem et al., 2008).

Most entry-level geography jobs only require a bachelor’s degree. Completing an internship can also provide you with the real-world experience that can help make your resume stand out among other job applicants. A master’s or doctorate degree is usually required for top geography jobs.

When it comes to working schedules, most geographers work full time during regular business hours. Depending on their job responsibilities, they might also need to travel to do fieldwork, study a location or region, and gather data. As a result, working in foreign countries and remote places can also be a possibility.

What Is Geography?

Geography is the study of places and how people interact with their environment. It studies the impact of locations on human culture and seeks to understand how things came to be, why they are there, how they developed, and how they might change in the future.

Geography is both a physical and social science as it explores the Earth’s surface and the societies that dwell across it. This is why geography majors often attend classes taught with a multidisciplinary approach. They need to understand topics or problems by studying the cultural, economic, and political aspects of different locations around the world.

Most geography programs will allow you to focus on either physical or human geography. In physical geography, you will study the Earth’s atmosphere and climate, its seasons, land formations and bodies of water, and environmental change. Human geography focuses on the distribution of human populations and culture on the Earth’s surface and covers topics such as geopolitics, demographics, transportation, globalization, and cultural and economic geography.

Since geography is a broad field, other specialized courses are also becoming increasingly important for geography majors to study. These include courses on business, real estate, economics, and technology (BLS, 2020a).

Key Geography Statistics

The number of jobs held by geographers in the U.S. in 2018 was 1,500. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a 3% employment growth for geographers from 2018 to 2028, which can increase the total number of jobs to 1,600. The Federal government employed the most number of geographers in the U.S. (60%), followed by state governments (6%), and architectural, engineering, and related services (5%) (BLS, 2020a).

Among the states, Maryland has the highest employment level for geographers with 280 jobs. It is followed by Texas, Califonia, Virginia, and Colorado with 160, 110, 80, and 70, respectively (BLS, 2020a).

Colleges and universities in the U.S. play host to roughly 60 geography Ph.D. programs, 90 masters programs, and over 200 undergraduate programs (National Geographic, n.d.).

What Are the Requirements to Study Geography?

When applying for a geography program, you will often need to complete a list of application requirements. These usually include a personal statement or essay, high school transcripts, test scores for standardized tests like the ACT or SAT, and letters of recommendation.

When it comes to the coursework, lower-division (freshmen and sophomores) and higher-division (juniors and seniors) are often standard throughout universities. If you are a freshman, you can expect to attend classes on physical, human, or cultural geography and do lab work, such as creating maps and working with compasses. Once in your junior year, you will attend classes on geographic techniques and methods (Ex. using computers and software for cartography), quantitative geography, and history of geographic thought.

As you progress in your program, you can further fine-tune your studies by choosing specific subjects. You can choose to take a course in cultural or human geography and one regional geography course where you focus on studying a specific region of the world. You can also be required to complete a senior or capstone project, an advanced seminar, and an internship or fieldwork.

The Role of Fieldwork in a Geography Degree

If you're exploring your options and looking for good degrees to get that incorporate hands-on learning and diverse career opportunities, geography might be the right path for you. Fieldwork plays a crucial role in a geography degree by providing hands-on experience that enriches the theoretical knowledge gained in classrooms. For geography students, engaging directly with the environment—whether conducting surveys, analyzing landscapes, or mapping urban areas—helps translate academic learning into practical skills. It's a vital part of education, preparing students for careers where they must apply geographical knowledge to real-world scenarios.

Fieldwork allows geography students to better understand the impact of human activity on the environment and vice versa. For example, students might study urban sprawl in city environments, observe land erosion in rural areas, or assess the effects of climate change on local ecosystems. These experiences are essential for understanding geography's role in solving global issues like climate change, urbanization, and sustainability.

While traditional fieldwork often involves outdoor activities, modern geography programs incorporate digital fieldwork using technologies like GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and remote sensing. This allows students to collect data without being physically present, providing flexibility for those pursuing online geography degrees or working in areas where direct access is difficult.

Fieldwork offers more than just practical skills—it also enhances problem-solving, teamwork, and communication. By working in groups, students learn how to collaborate on large-scale projects, gather data from various sources, and present findings clearly and professionally. It's no surprise that employers value geography graduates who have strong fieldwork experience.

How to Choose a Geography Program or Specialization

Selecting the right geography program is crucial to ensuring a fulfilling academic and career journey. Geography is an interdisciplinary field, offering a variety of specializations that cater to diverse interests. Here’s how to choose a program that aligns with your career goals:

• Consider Your Interests: Geography offers two main branches—human geography and physical geography. Human geography focuses on how humans interact with their environment, including urban development, cultural studies, and economic geography. On the other hand, physical geography studies the natural environment, including climate, landforms, and ecosystems. If you're drawn to environmental conservation and climate change, you might focus on physical geography. If you’re more interested in urban planning or social dynamics, human geography could be a better fit.
• Evaluate Specialization Options: Many geography programs offer the chance to specialize in subfields such as geographic information systems (GIS), environmental management, urban planning, or cartography. Assess which specialization aligns best with your long-term career aspirations. For instance, if you aim to work in urban development, a focus on urban geography or planning might be the right choice. Specializations in GIS or remote sensing are excellent if you plan to work with technology-driven spatial analysis.
• Consider Job Market Trends: Research the demand for geographers in specific fields. Urban and regional planning, environmental consulting, and geospatial analysis are seeing growing demand due to global challenges like climate change, resource management, and urbanization. Choosing a specialization that aligns with these trends could improve your job prospects.
• Look for Programs with Strong Industry Connections: Some geography programs offer internships, fieldwork, and collaborative projects with government agencies or private organizations. These opportunities provide hands-on experience and help build valuable networks in the industry. Look for universities known for their ties to environmental agencies, urban planning departments, or tech companies specializing in GIS and geospatial data.
• Assess the Curriculum: Review the curriculum to ensure it covers the topics you're most interested in and offers flexibility for future studies. Look for programs that include a mix of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Many geography programs now offer courses in emerging technologies like drones, remote sensing, and data science, which are highly relevant in today’s job market.
• Online Learning Opportunities: If you’re looking for more flexibility, online geography programs are a great option. These programs allow you to complete coursework at your own pace and from the comfort of your home, which is ideal if you need to balance education with other commitments. Additionally, online programs often offer a lower tuition cost and provide the same quality of education as traditional programs.

Before making a final decision, it’s also important to consider the length and cost of the program, as well as the accreditation status of the institution. If you're seeking a quicker path to start your career, an associate degree in geography could be a solid foundation. It allows you to specialize and enter the workforce in less time compared to a bachelor’s degree. For more information on easy-to-obtain associate degrees, you can explore the easiest associate degree to get.

By thoughtfully considering these factors, you can choose the geography program and specialization that best suits your academic and professional goals.

How Much Does It Cost to Study Geography?

There is no one fixed rate for a geography degree. How much you spend will depend on several factors. For example, choosing to study at an in-state, four-year public university will require an annual budget of $26, 590, while an out-of-state, four-year public institution will require $42, 970 (College Board, 2020).

One possible way to lower the cost of getting a geography degree is to search for online programs. Keep in mind though that the cost of an online bachelor’s degree can still vary widely depending on the institution, location, and how fees are structured. Private schools have the most expensive online programs followed by out-of-state tuition at public institutions. In-state tuition at public schools is the most affordable. “The average price for in-state, in-district tuition at a public institution for an online bachelor’s degree is $316 per credit. Tuition prices go up significantly at private online colleges, an average of $495 per credit" (Kerr, 2020).

You can also inquire about scholarships, grants, and financial aid available for geography majors in your prospective school. The College Affordability and Transparency Center is an online fee and financial calculator that provides information on the highest and lowest tuition fees and net costs of universities in the U.S.

How Long Does It Take to Become an Accredited Geographer?

You do not need any accreditation to become a geographer. What can help in your career is the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Professional certification. GIS is a framework for collecting, organizing, and managing data. It is rooted in the science of geography and can be used in virtually any sector where the organization needs to analyze spatial location and create data visualization using 3D scenes and maps. GIS is important because it can provide deeper insights into data and reveal patterns, situations, and relationships that could help organizations make informed decisions.

Employers often require GIS proficiency for most positions related to geography degree jobs, so getting a GIS certificate is one way to prove your expertise. Two institutions that offer GIS certification in the U.S. are the GIS Certification Institute and the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.

The Best Universities to Study Geography for 2025

The university where you decide to pursue your geography degree can have a huge impact on your studies and future career. There can be different criteria to measure the quality of a geography program. For this list, we introduce top institutions on Shanghai Ranking’s Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020 Geography (ARWU-Field, n.d). The universities included in the ranking have a minimum number of research publications during the period 2014 to 2018.

North America 

University of British Columbia

The University of British Columbia in Canada was established in 1915. It has a student population of approximately 60,000 and a global reputation for excellence in advanced research and learning. Aside from geography, the university also excels in mineral and mining engineering and sports-related subjects.

University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley (UCB) was founded in 1868 and is the flagship institution of the 10 research universities affiliated with the UCB system. The university consistently ranks among the top five institutions in the U.S. and its faculty, alumni, and researchers include 99 Nobel laureates. 23 Turing Award recipients, and 14 Pulitzer Prize winners.

Latin America

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)

The Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile was established on June 21, 1888, and is one of the most renowned universities in Latin America. Aside from geography, the university also excels in education and law.

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) was founded in 1551. It is the largest university in Latin America and in the world with over 269,000 students. Moreover, it has three Nobel Laureates among its former students, making it the only university in Mexico to have achieved the feat.

Europe

University of Oxford

The University of Oxford was established around the 11th century and is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. The impact of its research extends from the study of the beginnings of the Universe to the development of early civilizations, climate change, prevention and treatment of major diseases, migration, and aging populations, just to name a few.

London School of Economics and Political Science

The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) was founded in 1895 and is a place of cutting-edge research mostly undertaken from a social science perspective. Apart from geography, LSE also excels in the fields of law, economics, anthropology, psychology, literature, history, philosophy, media, business, and politics.

Africa

University of Cape Town (UCT)

The University of Cape Town was founded in 1829 and is the oldest institution of higher learning in South Africa. It is also the highest-ranked university in the region. UCT does not only excel in geography. Its programs in commerce, law, and medicine are also consistently ranked among the hundred best globally.

University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University)

The University of the Witwatersrand was established in 1922 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Wits regularly publishes world-leading research in the fields of humanities, social science, natural science, medical and health science, and engineering.

Asia

National University of Singapore (NUS)

The National University of Singapore (NUS) was founded in 1905 with the original name of King Edward VII College of Medicine. It is a leading global university that takes a multidisciplinary approach to research, often partnering not only with academia but also industries and government to study and look for solutions to complex issues relevant to Asia and the world.

University of Tokyo

The University of Tokyo was established in 1877 and is one of Japan’s most prestigious institutions of higher education. The university has produced 17 of the country’s prime ministers, 16 Nobel laureates, three Pritzker Prize laureates, and five astronauts. The university is also one of the few institutions to offer undergraduate programs taught entirely in English.

Oceania

The Australian National University (ANU)

The Australian National University was established in 1946 in the country’s capital, Canberra. ANU is regarded as one of the world’s leading research and educational institutions and is also known as one of the most selective. It has produced six Nobel laureates and continues to have an excellent record for student graduate employability.

The University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne was founded in 1853 with just 16 students and four professors. Today, it has around 65,000 students and around 8,000 professional and academic staff. The university has modeled its degree programs after those of top universities abroad. Students are given a year to learn about a wide range of subjects before choosing a major.

Possible Careers for Geography Majors

Here are the possible geography careers and professional roadmaps that you can take. All salary information is taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics unless otherwise indicated.

Cartographers and Photogrammetrists

Median Salary: $68,900 per year

If you want a job where you can combine your geography skills with design and technology, working as a cartographer and photogrammetrist can be an excellent choice. This field has expanded further and evolved with the subfield of photogrammetry, which uses photography in surveying and mapping for more accurate modeling of the Earth’s surface and its features (BLS, 2018 as cited in Peterson, 2018).

Cartographers and photogrammetrists are responsible for the scientific, artistic, and technological aspects of creating maps. Aside from producing conventional maps, your work will also challenge you to present complex information as visual charts, diagrams, or spreadsheets.

Due to the increasing use of maps in government planning, the job outlook for this occupation is projected to grow by 15% from 2018 to 2028. This figure is much faster than the average for all occupations (BLS, 2020d).

Surveyor

Median Salary: $61,600 per year

As a surveyor, you will advise individual clients or organizations about commercial and residential property. You can work both in the private and public sectors, helping in activities, such as valuing and surveying, managing, purchasing, leasing, or selling of a property.

Your job as a surveyor combines office work and fieldwork. During site visits, you may need to walk long distances and stand long hours in various weather conditions. You also have the option to pursue a real estate career since you can act as the agent or broker during a property sale. You can also act as a contract negotiator between tenants and landlords.

The job outlook for surveyors will grow by 6% from 2018 to 2028. Demand for surveyors will be driven by the need for experts who can certify boundary lines, review sites for construction, and work on resource extraction projects (BLS, 2020g).

Geography High School Teacher

Median Salary: $88,150 per year

Conducting actual classroom lessons is not the only responsibility of high school teachers. You will also need to spend time on lesson planning, collaborating with other teachers, and keeping in touch with the parents of your students.

There can be many challenges when you work as a geography high school teacher. Geography faculty members will need to confront contemporary yet in many ways historically persistent issues, including the discipline’s small size relative to cognate fields, the continuing challenges of reforming K12 teaching and learning, debates over the impact of geographic information technologies, underrepresentation of ethnic minorities in the academic workforce, and sometimes contentious relations between scholars divided by research specialty or epistemology (Solem & Foote, 2004).

You must also keep up with the developments in your field, new resources that can help enhance your lessons, and different teaching methods that could make your teaching more effective.

The job outlook for high school teachers, in general, is projected to grow by 4% from 2018 to 2028. As student enrollment increases, along with the demand for high school teachers (BLS, 2020f).

Geographical information systems officer (GIS officer)

Median Salary: $60,600 (Salary.com, 2023)

For a quarter of a century, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used to carry out geographical decision-making and problem-solving in business environments. Companies worldwide use GIS to analyze geospatial datasets; whether it be insurance companies analyzing risk or manufacturers trying to better understand interconnected global supply chains (Walshe, 2018).

As a GIS office, your work involves capturing, analyzing, manipulating, and presenting a range of geographical and spatial data. Your data can come from a variety of sources, from cartographic and photographic sources to satellites and tables and spreadsheets. On the GIS platform, you can compare and contrast a range of information, such as positions of streets and buildings, locations of rivers and roads, population distribution, even data on people like their education and income.

Job growth for GIS officers is projected to increase to 15% from 2018 to 2028.  With the growing availability of geospatial data, increasing use of apps such as Google Maps, and the increasing number of devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) also comes the growing demand for GIS experts (BLS, 2020b).

Geoscientists

Median Salary: $83,680 per year

As a geoscientist, your work focuses on studying the physical aspects of the Earth. These include searching for natural resources like petroleum and groundwater or helping environmental scientists protect and preserve the environment.

Geoscientists can also be employed as scientific and technical consultants. Consequently, the largest employers of geoscientists are oil and gas extraction companies, followed by engineering firms.

The employment growth for geoscientists is projected to be about 6% from 2018 to 2028. The growth is brought about by the need for energy, responsible land and resource management, and environmental conservation (BLS, 2020b).

Urban and Regional Planners

Median Salary: $78,500 per year

If you want a job that has a huge impact on communities, consider working as an urban or regional planner. You will develop programs and land use plans that take into account factors like population growth, and optimal use of spaces not only for cities but also towns and the countryside.

Working as an urban planner can be challenging since you have to balance often conflicting demands of industrial development versus the environment, agriculture, housing, and recreation. You will have to ensure sustainability in your designs and programs and work towards addressing climate change issues. Furthermore, you may need to consider additional training and education, such as project management, in order to meet the demands of the job.

The job outlook for urban and regional planners is projected to grow by 11% from 2018 to 2028. Several factors are contributing to this growth, including demographics, environmental changes, and transportation (BLS, 2020c).

Environmental Scientist

Median Salary:$76,530 per year

Your role as an environmental scientist is to provide advice and assessments on environmental issues and make sure that your client is complying with environmental regulations. You can be employed at a consultancy firm or work as an individual consultant on various private or government projects. This often leads to further advancements in sustainability careers and related fields.

Your work as an environmental consultant may require you to conduct research or specialize on certain issues, depending on the needs of your client. For example, you might need to conduct field surveys and collect information on air or water pollution or contamination levels on a site. You might also need to write reports and present your findings to other scientists, colleagues, sub-contractors, or regulators.

The job outlook for environmental scientists is projected to grow by 8% from 2018 to 2028. With the increasing awareness about environmental issues and how they affect humans, more demand will also be created for environmental scientists (BLS, 2020e).

Which Academic Path Boosts Salary Potential in Geography Careers?

Choosing a targeted academic route can markedly impact earning potential in geography-related fields. Leveraging interdisciplinary studies—such as integrating spatial analysis with environmental sciences, data analytics, or urban studies—can equip graduates with a competitive edge. Evaluating program curricula, hands-on learning opportunities, and industry collaborations is indispensable for aligning your education with market demands. Research on the highest paying majors highlights that blending technical proficiency with analytical skills can lead to roles offering enhanced compensation and career growth.

Ho Much Do Geographers Earn?

In 2022, the reported median annual salary of geographers was $85,220. The median salary is computed by arranging the salaries for a certain occupation in descending order then locating the midpoint of that distribution. Half of the salaries are greater than the median and the other half are less than the median. For geographers, the bottom 10% earned less than $52,280, while the top 10% earned over $113,140 (BLS, 2020a).

What are the emerging technology trends in geography careers?

Technological advancements are rapidly transforming geography careers, offering new tools and techniques that enhance the way geographic information is analyzed and applied across various industries. Here are some key emerging technology trends shaping the future of geography-related careers:

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Big Data: The integration of big data with GIS allows geographers to analyze large datasets for insights into urban planning, environmental monitoring, and transportation management. Real-time data analysis through GIS is increasingly used for disaster response, tracking environmental changes, and managing logistics.
• Remote Sensing and Drones: Remote sensing technology, including satellite imagery and aerial photography from drones, is revolutionizing fields such as land surveying, environmental science, and agricultural management. Drones are used for mapping remote areas, assessing natural resources, and monitoring wildlife, providing accurate data that was previously challenging to collect.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): AI and ML algorithms are used to automate spatial data analysis, allowing for faster and more precise predictions in fields such as climate modeling and urban development. These technologies help detect patterns and anomalies in geographic data, improving decision-making in resource management and infrastructure planning.
• 3D Mapping and Virtual Reality (VR): 3D mapping is used to create detailed visualizations of geographic areas, helping urban planners and architects design smart cities. Virtual reality technology enables immersive simulations of geographic environments for educational purposes and interactive planning.
• Internet of Things (IoT) and Geospatial Data: IoT devices generate geospatial data that can be used to track traffic, monitor air quality, and manage smart grids. The combination of IoT and GIS allows for real-time monitoring and analysis, making it valuable for emergency management and public safety.

What Essential Skills Should I Develop for a Competitive Geography Career?

To excel in today's dynamic market, geographers must build a balanced portfolio of technical and interpersonal skills. Mastery of tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and spatial data analysis is essential for handling complex datasets and generating actionable insights. Proficiency in data visualization and statistical software further complements these technical abilities, enabling you to present findings clearly to both specialists and stakeholders. Equally important are soft skills—critical thinking, effective communication, and interdisciplinary collaboration—which help translate analytical outcomes into strategic decisions. For those seeking accelerated skill acquisition, consider a fast track online bachelor's degree that offers practical learning pathways tailored to the demands of modern geography careers.

Is an Associate Degree a Viable Launchpad for a Geography Career?

Earning an associate degree in geography can provide a focused and cost-effective pathway to gain essential skills and enter the job market faster. This credential offers targeted coursework in spatial analysis, GIS, and environmental fundamentals that employers value for foundational roles. Many institutions now offer accelerated associate degree programs online, which can shorten the time required to build a relevant skill set and obtain practical experience. This streamlined educational route enables graduates to quickly transition into entry-level positions while establishing networks and preparing for further academic or professional advancement.

Can Professional Associations and Mentorship Accelerate My Geography Career?

Professional associations and structured mentorship programs offer pathways to enhance practical skills and build valuable industry connections. Engaging with these organizations provides access to specialized workshops, seminars, and networking events where emerging trends and best practices are discussed. These interactions facilitate career advancement by connecting you with leaders who can offer insights into the evolving demands of the geography sector. Additionally, joining such communities can guide you in identifying affordable educational opportunities, like a cheap online bachelor's degree, to further supplement your credentials without incurring excessive costs.

How Can I Verify the Accreditation and Quality Standards of Geography Programs?

Evaluating a geography program's academic rigor begins with confirming accreditation by recognized agencies and examining industry collaborations that support real-world applications. Compare curriculum details, graduate placement rates, and feedback from current students and alumni to ensure the program meets evolving market needs. Look for transparent quality metrics and up-to-date course offerings that integrate modern spatial analysis tools. Prospective students may also benefit from exploring options like an accelerated online bachelor's program that emphasizes proven accreditation and comprehensive career support.

Famous People Who Studied Geography

When it comes to famous people who studied geography, you will probably be surprised that one of them is NBA legend Michael Jordan. He obtained his degree from the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill in 1986.

Former United Kingdom prime minister, Theresa May, and Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge, also studied geography. Prince William was able to utilize his geography skills when he served as a helicopter pilot in the Royal Air Force.

Other well-known figures who hold a degree in geography include philosopher Immanuel Kant, naturalist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt, prolific author and geographer Harm de Blij, the “father of American geography," William Morris Davis, and The Body Shop founder, environmental campaigner, and human rights activist, Anita Roddick.

Alternative Career Paths for Geography Graduates

While many geography graduates pursue traditional career paths in urban planning, environmental science, or GIS, the skill set acquired through a geography degree can open doors to a variety of industries. Geographers possess strong analytical, research, and spatial thinking abilities, which are highly valued in fields beyond the obvious choices. Here are some alternative career paths that can leverage the diverse skills gained from a geography program:

• Real Estate and Property Development: Geography graduates with an understanding of land use, urban development, and location analysis are highly sought after in real estate. Real estate professionals who understand geographic patterns and trends can assess property values, predict future development areas, and evaluate market potential in different regions. A geography background provides an advantage when analyzing zoning laws, topography, and demographic data to make informed property investment decisions.
• Marketing and Market Research: In marketing, understanding consumer behavior based on geography is key. Geographers with expertise in demographic analysis and spatial data can help businesses target specific markets effectively. Market research analysts who specialize in geographic data can predict trends, create customer profiles, and use mapping tools to optimize sales strategies. By mapping consumer behavior across regions, geography graduates can contribute valuable insights that enhance marketing campaigns and business strategies.
• Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Geography graduates can also apply their skills in logistics and supply chain management. The ability to analyze transport routes, supply networks, and geographic factors that affect distribution and delivery is highly valuable. Geospatial analysis tools like GIS are often used to optimize routes, minimize costs, and improve efficiency in industries ranging from e-commerce to manufacturing. Companies in logistics and transportation look for individuals who can plan and manage operations efficiently based on geographic data.
• Technology and Data Science: As technology continues to advance, the demand for data scientists and tech professionals with spatial analysis skills is growing. Geography graduates who are proficient in GIS and data visualization tools can transition into tech roles, working with geospatial data or even contributing to fields like machine learning and artificial intelligence. Positions such as data analysts, spatial data scientists, and location intelligence specialists are becoming more common in industries like tech, healthcare, and urban development.
• Public Policy and Nonprofit Work: Many geography graduates transition into public policy or work with nonprofit organizations that focus on urban planning, sustainability, or community development. Geographers' skills in understanding environmental impacts, human geography, and data analysis make them excellent candidates for roles that involve assessing the social, economic, and environmental consequences of policies. In these positions, geography graduates can influence policy decisions on issues like climate change, resource distribution, and urban renewal.
• Business Intelligence and Consulting: With a foundation in spatial analysis, geography graduates are also equipped to pursue careers in business intelligence and consulting. These roles involve using geographic data to inform corporate decision-making, predict trends, and improve business performance. Geographers can leverage their technical expertise in GIS and data visualization tools to provide actionable insights for businesses looking to optimize their operations, enter new markets, or expand their product offerings.

For geography graduates looking to enhance their qualifications or pivot into a new field, pursuing additional certifications can significantly improve job prospects. For instance, easy certifications to get online that pay well can open up new career pathways in tech, business, or management roles. Learn more about certifications that can complement your geography degree and boost your earning potential here..

By considering these alternative career paths, geography graduates can expand their job search and tap into diverse industries that highly value the analytical and spatial reasoning skills developed during their studies.

How Can an Accredited Online Bachelor's Degree Boost My Geography Career?

Earning an accredited online bachelor's degree offers flexible learning modalities that align with evolving industry standards and technological advancements in geography. Such programs emphasize contemporary tools in spatial analysis, GIS, and environmental sustainability, thereby enhancing your technical proficiency and professional marketability. Additionally, they provide access to robust virtual networks and expert mentorship that are crucial for staying competitive in a dynamic, global job market.

Is Pursuing a Doctorate Worth It for a Geography Career?

In-depth research and advanced technical training offered by a doctoral program can distinguish professionals in increasingly competitive geography sectors. A doctorate not only deepens expertise in niche areas such as spatial analytics, environmental modeling, or urban studies, but also enhances leadership capabilities within academic, governmental, or private research settings. For those aiming for high-level analytical roles and academic teaching positions, pursuing terminal research credentials may prove advantageous. Candidates seeking accelerated pathways might consider exploring the quickest PhD programs to fast-track entry into cutting-edge research and innovation in the geography discipline.

Planning Your Career in Geography

Geography jobs that are suitable for you will depend on whether you specialized in human or physical geography, what your interests are, how you imagine your workplace would be, and if you are willing to invest more time, money, and effort in further studies. With big issues like climate change, pollution, renewable energy sources and sustainability, and global demographic shifts, your geography degree will always intersect with current events and can lead you to jobs where you can make a real difference in people’s daily lives.

No matter which type of job you have, the important thing is to secure work experience and establish your professional network. Also, do not just rely on job boards alone. A 2016 study conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and Yale University found out that 70% of jobs are found through networking (Burnison, 2020). So, do not forget to keep in touch with your contacts. They might just be able to help you land your dream job in geography even without a cover letter!

Key Insights

• Diverse Career Opportunities: Geography graduates can pursue various careers, including urban and regional planning, environmental science, geospatial analysis, teaching, and surveying.
• Skill Set: Geographers possess critical skills such as GIS proficiency, analytical thinking, data visualization, teamwork, and communication, which are applicable across numerous industries.
• Employment Growth: Employment for geographers is projected to grow by 3% from 2018 to 2028, with higher growth rates in specific roles such as cartographers and photogrammetrists (15%) and urban and regional planners (11%).
• Salary Range: The median annual salary for geographers is $85,220, with top earners making over $113,140 annually. Specialized roles like geoscientists and environmental scientists also offer competitive salaries.
• Educational Pathways: Most entry-level geography jobs require a bachelor’s degree, while top positions often necessitate a master’s or doctorate degree. GIS certification is also valuable for career advancement.
• Interdisciplinary Nature: Geography programs often integrate physical and human geography, and may include courses in economics, real estate, and technology, providing a well-rounded education.
• Geographical Diversity: The highest employment levels for geographers are found in states like Maryland, Texas, California, Virginia, and Colorado, with significant opportunities in federal and state government roles.

FAQ

1. What is geography? Geography is the study of places and how people interact with their environments. It examines the impact of locations on human culture, exploring physical and social aspects, and seeks to understand how places develop and change over time.
2. What are the requirements to study geography? Requirements typically include a personal statement, high school transcripts, standardized test scores (SAT or ACT), and letters of recommendation. Coursework may involve physical, human, or cultural geography, lab work, and advanced topics like geographic techniques and methods.
3. How much does it cost to study geography? The cost varies based on the institution and program. Studying at a public in-state university costs around $26,590 annually, while out-of-state tuition is approximately $42,970. Online programs and financial aid options can help reduce costs.
4. How long does it take to become an accredited geographer? Accreditation is not typically required for geographers, but GIS certification can enhance career prospects. A bachelor's degree takes about four years, a master's two to four years, and a doctorate three to seven years.
5. What are some top universities to study geography? Top institutions include the University of British Columbia, University of California, Berkeley, University of Oxford, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of Cape Town, National University of Singapore, and The Australian National University.
6. What career opportunities are available for geography majors? Geography majors can work as cartographers, surveyors, geography high school teachers, GIS officers, geoscientists, urban and regional planners, and environmental scientists. Each role requires specific skills and offers varying salaries and job growth prospects.
7. How much do geographers earn? The median annual salary for geographers is $85,220. The bottom 10% earn less than $52,280, while the top 10% make over $113,140. Salaries vary based on specialization and experience.
8. Who are some famous people who studied geography? Notable geography graduates include NBA legend Michael Jordan, former UK Prime Minister Theresa May, Prince William, philosopher Immanuel Kant, naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, geographer Harm de Blij, and The Body Shop founder Anita Roddick.
9. Is geography a good major in terms of career prospects? Yes, geography offers diverse career opportunities, competitive salaries, and the ability to work on significant issues like climate change, urban development, and environmental conservation. The skills gained from a geography degree are highly valued across various industries.
10. What skills do geographers typically use in their jobs? Geographers use a range of skills including GIS proficiency, data analysis, critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, and communication. These skills are applicable in government roles, private sector jobs, and research positions.

References:

1. BLS (2020a, April 10). Geographers. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2. BLS (2020b). Geoscientists. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
3. BLS (2020c). Urban and regional planners. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
4. BLS (2020d). Cartographers and photogrammetrists. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
5. BLS (2020e). Environmental scientists and specialists. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
6. BLS (2020f). High school teachers. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
7. BLS (2020g). Surveyors. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
8. Brace, S. (2012). Promoting further study and careers in geography. Teaching Geography, 37, 116-118. ProQuest
9. College Board (2020). Average estimated undergraduate budgets by sector, 2019-20. CollegeBoard.com.
10. Kerr, E. (2020, January 14). What you’ll pay for an online bachelor’s degree. US News.
11. Solem, M., Cheung, I., and Schlemper, M. Beth (2008, June 4). Skills in Professional geography: An assessment of workforce needs and expectations. The Professional Geographer, 60 (3), 356-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330120802013620
12. Geography on the job (n.d.). National Geographic.
13. Peterson, B. (2018, May). Career connections: Cartographers and photogrammetrists. Children’s Technology and Engineering.
14. ARWU-FIELD (2020). ShanghaiRanking’s global ranking of academic subjects 2020 geography. Academic Ranking of World Universities.
15. Burnison, G. (2020, April 21). Don’t overlook this No. 1 factor when looking for a job during Covid-19, says hiring exec of 20 years. CNBC.