What Does an IT Security Specialist Do: Roles & Responsibilities for 2025

Co-Founder and Chief Data Scientist

Around 66% percent of chief information security officers (CISOs) identify human error as the biggest cybersecurity risk for organizations in 2024. This highlights a growing need for skilled IT security specialists who can protect systems, train employees, and reduce vulnerabilities. Many aspiring professionals, however, struggle to understand what this role involves, what skills are essential, and how to enter the field. With the right knowledge, including degrees, certifications, and hands-on experience, IT security specialists can build rewarding careers while addressing a critical industry need. This article breaks down their responsibilities, required skills, career paths, and the best ways to get started.

Key Things You Should Know About What IT Security Specialists Do

IT security specialists protect organizations from cyber threats. Their main responsibility is to prevent, detect, and respond to security incidents, ensuring systems remain secure against ransomware, malware, and phishing attacks.
Human error is a major cybersecurity challenge. About 66% of CISOs identify human mistakes as the biggest risk in 2024, making user education, security policy enforcement, and system monitoring key responsibilities for IT security specialists.
Daily tasks involve monitoring, analyzing, and improving security. IT security specialists conduct risk assessments, monitor network traffic, investigate threats, and implement security measures to keep organizations safe.
Ongoing learning is essential for success. The cybersecurity landscape evolves rapidly, and IT security specialists must continuously update their skills through certifications, training programs, and hands-on experience.
IT security specialists play a critical role in business continuity. A single data breach can cost millions, with the global average rising to $4.88 million in 2024. Specialists help prevent costly breaches and ensure organizations can operate securely.

What is an IT security specialist?
What does an IT security specialist do?
What knowledge and skills are essential for IT security specialists for 2025?
What is a typical day like for an IT security specialist?
What challenges do IT security specialists face?
What are the current trends in IT security?
How much can I earn as an IT security specialist?
What is the job outlook for IT security specialists?
What are the best degrees to get to work as an IT security specialist?
What are the top certifications for IT security specialists?
How Does IT Security Enhance Healthcare Data Protection?
Can artificial intelligence bolster cybersecurity strategies?
What career paths are available for IT security specialists?
How can IT security specialists gain hands-on experience?
Can a background in game programming enhance cybersecurity strategies?
How can data science skills augment cybersecurity measures?
Can nursing informatics enhance cybersecurity in healthcare?
Other Things You Should Know About What Does an IT Security Specialist Do

What is an IT security specialist?

An IT security specialist is a professional responsible for protecting an organization’s digital assets from cyber threats. They design, implement, and manage security measures to safeguard networks, systems, and data from unauthorized access, breaches, and cyberattacks. Their role is essential as cyber threats continue to evolve, with ransomware, malware, and phishing among the most pressing concerns for businesses today.

Beyond technical expertise, IT security specialists play a strategic role by developing security policies, conducting risk assessments, and educating employees on best practices. With human error identified by 66% of CISOs as the biggest cybersecurity risk in 2024, specialists must not only defend against external threats but also mitigate internal vulnerabilities. Their work ensures business continuity, regulatory compliance, and the overall integrity of an organization's IT infrastructure.

In 2023, there were around 175,350 information security analysts in the US.

How many information security analysts are there in the US?

What does an IT security specialist do?

An IT security specialist’s role extends far beyond simply setting up firewalls and antivirus software. As cyber threats grow more sophisticated, organizations rely on these professionals to protect sensitive data, prevent breaches, and respond to incidents that could disrupt operations. Their work requires a mix of technical expertise, strategic planning, and constant vigilance.

From monitoring networks to implementing security policies, IT security specialists play a critical role in ensuring business continuity. Their responsibilities span multiple areas, all aimed at keeping systems secure in an increasingly digital world.

Monitors network security. IT security specialists continuously analyze network traffic and system logs to detect suspicious activity and prevent unauthorized access.
Conducts risk assessments. They evaluate vulnerabilities in an organization’s infrastructure and recommend security measures to mitigate potential threats.
Implements security protocols. From firewalls to encryption, specialists deploy and manage security tools to protect sensitive data and systems.
Responds to security incidents. When breaches occur, they investigate, contain, and remediate threats to minimize damage and prevent future attacks.
Develops and enforces security policies. IT security specialists create guidelines that ensure employees follow best practices for cybersecurity, reducing human error risks.
Stays updated on evolving threats. With cyber threats constantly changing, they research new attack methods and update defenses accordingly.

Their responsibilities go beyond technical measures. They also collaborate with different departments, train employees, and ensure compliance with industry regulations to maintain a strong security posture.

What knowledge and skills are essential for IT security specialists for 2025?

IT security specialists must develop a strong foundation in both theoretical frameworks and practical skills to protect organizations from cyber threats. A deep understanding of security principles, risk management, and compliance standards is essential, but hands-on expertise in threat detection, system defense, and incident response is equally critical. Many professionals refine their knowledge through structured education, such as an online masters in cybersecurity, where they explore security frameworks, encryption methods, and ethical hacking techniques.

Fundamental frameworks and knowledge

A strong theoretical foundation helps security specialists assess risks, design defenses, and comply with industry regulations.

Cybersecurity frameworks. Models like NIST, ISO 27001, and CIS Controls provide structured approaches for managing security risks and implementing best practices.
Network security principles. Understanding firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and VPNs is key to securing an organization’s digital infrastructure.
Encryption and cryptography. Secure communication and data protection rely on knowledge of encryption methods like AES, RSA, and TLS.
Threat intelligence. Recognizing attack patterns and analyzing emerging threats help specialists anticipate and prevent security breaches.
Regulatory compliance. Laws such as GDPR, HIPAA, and SOC 2 set security standards that organizations must follow to protect sensitive data.

Essential technical and soft skills

Beyond theoretical knowledge, IT security specialists need practical skills to implement security measures and handle evolving threats.

Penetration testing and ethical hacking. Simulating cyberattacks helps identify weaknesses in systems before real attackers exploit them.
Incident response and forensic analysis. Investigating breaches and mitigating damage is a crucial part of cybersecurity defense.
Cloud security management. With more organizations moving to the cloud, securing cloud environments like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud is essential.
Programming and scripting. Languages like Python, PowerShell, and Bash help automate security tasks and analyze threats.
Communication and collaboration. IT security specialists must explain risks and solutions to non-technical teams and work closely with IT departments to implement security strategies.

A successful IT security specialist must balance deep technical expertise with strategic thinking and adaptability. As cyber threats evolve, continuous learning through certifications, degree programs, and hands-on experience is key to staying ahead in the field.

In 2023, the industry with the highest employment in information security analysts was the computer systems design services (40,290).

What is a typical day like for an IT security specialist?

An IT security specialist’s daily work is a mix of monitoring, responding to threats, and implementing security measures to safeguard an organization’s digital assets. While immediate tasks often involve real-time security management, long-term responsibilities include strategic planning, compliance audits, and skill development. The nature of cybersecurity demands adaptability, as new threats and vulnerabilities emerge constantly.

Daily responsibilities

Each day, IT security specialists focus on maintaining system security, detecting threats, and responding to incidents.

Monitoring security systems. Specialists analyze logs, alerts, and network traffic to detect unusual activity or potential threats.
Investigating security incidents. If a breach or suspicious activity occurs, specialists conduct forensic analysis and containment measures.
Updating security protocols. Keeping firewalls, antivirus software, and security policies current helps prevent attacks.
Educating employees. Conducting awareness training on phishing, password hygiene, and secure browsing habits reduces human error risks.
Coordinating with IT teams. Working with system administrators and developers ensures security measures are integrated into IT operations.

Long-term responsibilities

Beyond daily tasks, IT security specialists manage broader security strategies and compliance efforts over extended periods.

Weekly responsibilities. Reviewing security reports, updating access controls, and testing for vulnerabilities ensure systems remain secure.
Monthly responsibilities. Conducting internal security audits, refining incident response plans, and analyzing threat trends help refine security measures.
Quarterly responsibilities. Performing penetration tests, ensuring regulatory compliance, and assessing security budgets support long-term cybersecurity resilience.
Yearly responsibilities. Evaluating overall security strategy, investing in new security technologies, and pursuing professional development through certifications or training keep specialists ahead of evolving threats.

A career in IT security is not limited to repetitive tasks but involves continuous learning and strategic thinking. Specialists must balance immediate threat response with proactive security planning, ensuring both short-term protection and long-term resilience.

The Bigger Picture: Preventing costly data breaches

The role of IT security specialists goes beyond individual organizations. Their work directly impacts the global fight against cybercrime, preventing costly breaches that can cripple businesses and expose sensitive information. The financial stakes are high—data breaches have been rising in cost year after year. In 2024, the global average cost of a data breach reached $4.88 million, a significant increase from $3.86 million in 2020. These rising costs highlight the growing need for robust security measures and skilled professionals who can defend against evolving cyber threats.

What challenges do IT security specialists face?

The work of an IT security specialist is demanding, with constant threats, evolving attack methods, and organizational constraints making cybersecurity a complex field. These professionals must not only defend against cyberattacks but also navigate human error, resource limitations, and the fast-changing nature of cyber threats.

Human error remains the biggest risk

Even with advanced security systems, human mistakes continue to be the leading cause of breaches. In 2024, 66% of chief information security officers (CISOs) identified human error as the biggest cybersecurity risk. Employees may fall for phishing scams, use weak passwords, or mishandle sensitive data, making security awareness training a critical yet ongoing challenge.

Ransomware, malware, and business email compromise

Cyber threats are becoming more sophisticated. The most concerning threats in 2024 include:

Ransomware attacks. These accounted for 41% of top cybersecurity threats, locking organizations out of their own data until a ransom is paid.
Malware infections. Making up 38% of threats, malware can spread rapidly, stealing or corrupting data.
Business email compromise (BEC). This social engineering attack, responsible for 36% of top threats, tricks employees into transferring funds or sharing sensitive data.

Cybersecurity resilience gaps in small organizations

Not all companies have the same ability to withstand cyberattacks. In 2025, 35% of small organizations are expected to report that their cybersecurity resilience is inefficient, compared to just 7% of large organizations. Smaller businesses often struggle with limited budgets, fewer security professionals, and weaker infrastructure, making them attractive targets for cybercriminals.

The evolving threat landscape

Cybercriminals are constantly adapting their tactics, making it difficult for security professionals to stay ahead. In 2025, 68% of organizations cited the rapidly changing nature of cyber threats as their greatest challenge in achieving cyber resilience. New vulnerabilities emerge with every technological advancement, requiring continuous learning, frequent system updates, and proactive risk management.

Balancing security with business operations

Organizations must balance strong cybersecurity with business efficiency. Overly restrictive security measures can hinder workflow, while lax policies increase risk. IT security specialists must navigate these trade-offs, ensuring security policies are effective without disrupting daily operations.

The ongoing challenge of cybersecurity staffing

The demand for cybersecurity professionals is outpacing the supply. Organizations face challenges in recruiting skilled specialists, training existing staff, and keeping up with evolving security threats. With 76% of companies prioritizing upskilling current employees over hiring, IT security specialists must continuously learn and adapt to remain effective.

Cybersecurity is not just a technical field—it is a high-stakes effort to protect organizations from financial loss, reputational damage, and legal consequences. IT security specialists play a crucial role in safeguarding digital assets, but the challenges they face require resilience, adaptability, and ongoing vigilance.

What is the greatest challenge for organizations to becoming cyber resilient?

What are the current trends in IT security?

Cybersecurity is constantly evolving, with organizations adapting to new threats and regulatory changes. IT security specialists must stay informed about these trends to effectively protect systems and data.

Zero trust architecture is becoming the standard. Organizations are shifting toward a security model that assumes no entity—inside or outside the network—can be trusted by default, requiring continuous verification and strict access controls.
AI and automation are transforming cybersecurity. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are helping detect threats, automate security processes, and analyze large volumes of data, but they also introduce new risks as attackers use AI to create more advanced cyber threats.
Cloud security is a top priority. With the widespread adoption of cloud services, organizations are strengthening cloud security measures such as encryption, identity management, and cloud-native security tools.
Ransomware protection is intensifying. As ransomware remains one of the top cybersecurity threats, companies are investing in endpoint detection, improved backup strategies, and employee awareness programs to mitigate risks.
Regulatory compliance is tightening. Stricter data protection laws and industry standards require organizations to implement more rigorous cybersecurity measures to ensure compliance with frameworks such as GDPR, CCPA, and NIST.
Supply chain security is under scrutiny. Cybercriminals are increasingly exploiting third-party vendors and suppliers, prompting organizations to conduct more thorough security assessments and enforce stricter security requirements across their supply chains.

How do organizations respond to cybersecurity challenges?

The growing complexity of cyber threats has led to an increased demand for skilled IT security professionals. Organizations are addressing the cybersecurity talent shortage through multiple strategies. According to industry data, 76% of companies are upskilling current employees, while 54% are hiring experienced professionals. Others are relying on self-directed learning, apprenticeship programs, and alternative hiring pipelines that look beyond traditional cybersecurity degrees. These efforts reflect the need for a workforce that can adapt to emerging threats and implement advanced security strategies.

How much can I earn as an IT security specialist?

Salaries for IT security specialists vary based on experience, industry, and location. In 2023, information security analysts in the US earned an average salary of $124,740, with earnings ranging from $69,210 to $182,370. Industries such as finance and technology tend to offer the most competitive salaries, with some of the highest-paying roles found in sectors like computer manufacturing and financial services.

Those seeking to maximize their earning potential often pursue advanced credentials, as specialized expertise can lead to higher salaries. Professionals with a highest paying degree in cybersecurity or related fields, such as a master's in information security, may have greater access to top-tier positions with six-figure salaries.

How much can I earn as an information security analyst?

What is the job outlook for IT security specialists?

The demand for IT security specialists is growing rapidly as cyber threats become more frequent and sophisticated. Employment for information security analysts is projected to grow by 33% from 2023 to 2033, far outpacing the average for all occupations. Each year, an estimated 17,300 new job openings will emerge as organizations expand their security teams to combat cyber risks.

For those looking to enter the field quickly, earning the fastest associates degree online in cybersecurity can be an effective starting point. This credential allows individuals to gain foundational knowledge and secure entry-level positions while working toward more advanced degrees or certifications. With employers increasingly valuing practical skills, this approach provides a flexible and efficient way to build a career in IT security.

What is the job outlook for information security analysts?

What are the best degrees to get to work as an IT security specialist?

A strong educational foundation is crucial for IT security specialists, though different degrees can lead to this career. While technical expertise is essential, employers also value problem-solving skills and a deep understanding of cybersecurity principles.

Degree in cybersecurity. A dedicated degree in cyber security provides specialized knowledge in network security, ethical hacking, cryptography, and threat analysis, making it one of the most direct paths into the field.
Computer science. A broader option that covers programming, software development, and data structures, which are crucial for security roles that involve system architecture and software protection.
Information technology. Focuses on system administration, network management, and IT infrastructure, helping professionals understand and secure enterprise environments.
Engineering degrees. Electrical or computer engineering degrees can be valuable for roles involving hardware security, embedded systems, or security architecture.
Business and management degrees with a security focus. Degrees such as information systems management or risk management equip professionals with leadership and strategic security planning skills, making them ideal for CISO or managerial positions.

Education vs. Experience: What matters more?

While a degree can open doors, practical experience, certifications, and hands-on skills often weigh just as heavily in hiring decisions. Many professionals enter the field through certifications or work experience, proving that a combination of education and real-world expertise is key to career success.

What are the top certifications for IT security specialists?

Certifications validate expertise in IT security and can significantly boost career prospects. Many employers prioritize certifications as they demonstrate specialized knowledge and a commitment to professional growth. Below are some of the most recognized credentials for IT security specialists.

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP). Ideal for experienced professionals, this certification covers security architecture, risk management, and cryptography, making it a gold standard in the industry.
Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH). Focuses on penetration testing and offensive security techniques, equipping professionals with the skills to identify vulnerabilities before attackers do.
CompTIA Security+. A widely recognized entry-level certification that covers foundational security concepts, including risk management, cryptography, and incident response.
Certified Information Security Manager (CISM). Best suited for professionals in managerial roles, this certification emphasizes governance, risk management, and compliance.
GIAC Security Essentials (GSEC). Covers hands-on security skills and is designed for professionals looking to demonstrate their technical expertise in network security and defense strategies.

Can you become an IT security specialist with just a certification?

While certifications can help professionals break into the field, experience and practical skills remain crucial. Many companies prefer candidates with degrees, but some professionals successfully enter cybersecurity with certifications alone. Enrolling in the best online cyber security certificate programs can provide structured training, making certification a viable alternative or complement to traditional degrees.

How Does IT Security Enhance Healthcare Data Protection?

Effective cybersecurity practices safeguard sensitive patient data amid rapid digital transformation. IT security specialists deploy advanced risk management and encryption protocols to secure healthcare systems, ensuring regulatory compliance and maintaining patient trust. Moreover, integrating robust defensive measures into digital health infrastructures addresses unique vulnerabilities while enabling seamless, secure data exchange. Those with expertise in protecting critical information can explore the health informatics career pathway to further specialize in this dynamic sector.

Can artificial intelligence bolster cybersecurity strategies?

Leveraging artificial intelligence can optimize threat detection, automate response processes, and enhance predictive risk analysis without overlapping established technical skills. IT security specialists may adopt AI-driven tools to refine data analytics, streamline incident response, and improve overall defensive strategies. Advanced study in this area—such as through affordable online master's in artificial intelligence programs—provides the interdisciplinary expertise required to integrate automated systems with traditional cybersecurity practices.

What career paths are available for IT security specialists?

IT security specialists have diverse career paths that extend beyond technical roles. Professionals can specialize in different aspects of cybersecurity or transition into leadership positions. Below are some common career paths within the field.

Security architecture and engineering. Focuses on designing, implementing, and maintaining secure systems and networks to prevent cyber threats.
Cybersecurity operations and incident response. Involves monitoring security systems, detecting threats, and responding to breaches to minimize damage.
Risk management and compliance. Ensures organizations meet industry security standards and regulations by assessing risks and implementing protective measures.
Penetration testing and ethical hacking. Specializes in simulating cyberattacks to identify and address system vulnerabilities before malicious hackers exploit them.
Cybersecurity leadership and management. Moves into executive roles like Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) to oversee security strategies, budgets, and teams.

Advancing with Dual Expertise

For those looking to accelerate their careers, online dual degree programs that combine cybersecurity with business, management, or policy can provide a competitive edge. These programs prepare professionals for leadership roles by blending technical expertise with strategic decision-making skills.

How can IT security specialists gain hands-on experience?

IT security professionals can accelerate career growth by complementing theoretical knowledge with practical engagements. In addition to standard degree programs, many specialists opt for hands-on platforms such as labs, simulations, internships, and cybersecurity competitions to simulate real-world challenges. Pursuing a self-paced computer science degree provides structured coursework alongside practical exercises, ensuring immediate application of complex concepts. Collaborating on live projects and participating in industry events further refines technical skills and fosters critical soft skills essential for today's dynamic security landscape.

Can a background in game programming enhance cybersecurity strategies?

Integrating skills from disciplines such as game development can foster innovative approaches in addressing complex security challenges. For example, the creative problem-solving and simulation techniques learned in game programming can be applied to model cyberattack scenarios and reinforce defense strategies. This cross-disciplinary perspective not only aids in designing more intuitive security interfaces but also enhances incident response protocols. Professionals seeking to diversify their technical expertise may consider enrolling in an online game programming college as part of their continuous learning journey.

How can data science skills augment cybersecurity measures?

Data science techniques are increasingly pivotal for IT security specialists. Integrating advanced analytics and predictive modeling enables professionals to identify anomalous patterns in vast data sets and forecast potential vulnerabilities. This analytical approach enhances threat detection and optimizes incident response strategies. Supplementing cybersecurity expertise with data science methodologies can refine risk assessment and streamline decision-making processes. Consider exploring opportunities like the cheapest online data science master's to gain these competitive insights.

Can nursing informatics enhance cybersecurity in healthcare?

Integrating principles from nursing informatics can provide IT security specialists with innovative ways to address complex data privacy concerns in healthcare settings. This interdisciplinary approach focuses on safeguarding sensitive clinical information by aligning security protocols with patient care workflows and regulatory requirements. By examining the methodologies used in nursing informatics, professionals can gain insights into risk management practices that emphasize data integrity and proactive threat detection. For those interested in exploring how informatics can complement cybersecurity strategies, consider pursuing a cheapest online nursing informatics degree to build a robust, healthcare-focused security framework.

Here's What IT Security Specialists Have to Say About What They Do

One of the best parts of working in IT security is the stability. With cyber threats on the rise, there’s always demand for skilled professionals. I transitioned from an entry-level IT role to a security analyst position within two years, and my salary nearly doubled. The growth potential in this field is unmatched. Marcus
I started in cybersecurity with just a certification and hands-on experience. Employers in this field value skills over degrees, which helped me break in without a traditional tech background. Now, I work in penetration testing, and every project feels like solving a high-stakes puzzle. It’s a career that keeps you sharp. Jennifer
Cybersecurity isn’t just about coding—it’s about strategy, risk management, and understanding human behavior. I work in compliance and policy, ensuring companies follow security regulations. The work is challenging but fulfilling because I help bridge the gap between technology and business needs. Alonzo

Key Findings

Human error remains the biggest cybersecurity risk, with 66% of CISOs identifying it as the primary threat in 2024. This highlights the need for continuous employee training and strong security policies to minimize breaches.
Ransomware, malware, and business email compromise account for the top cybersecurity threats, with 41%, 38%, and 36% of CISOs citing them as major concerns. IT security specialists must stay ahead of these evolving threats through proactive defense strategies.
The cost of a data breach continues to rise, reaching $4.88 million globally in 2024. This underscores the growing financial impact of cybersecurity incidents and the importance of investing in strong security measures.
Organizations face significant challenges in becoming cyber resilient, with 68% citing the complex and evolving threat landscape as their biggest obstacle. This puts IT security specialists at the forefront of adapting and responding to emerging risks.
The demand for IT security specialists is increasing, with a projected 33% job growth from 2023 to 2033 and 17,300 annual job openings. The field offers strong career stability and opportunities for advancement.
Salaries for information security analysts are competitive, averaging $124,740 annually, with earnings ranging from $69,210 to $182,370. The financial incentives, combined with high job security, make IT security an attractive career path.

Other Things You Should Know About What IT Security Specialists Do

How do I become an IT security specialist?

To become an IT security specialist, you typically need a degree in cyber security, computer science, or a related field. Many professionals start with an associate or bachelor's degree and gain experience through internships or entry-level IT roles. Certifications such as Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) or CompTIA Security+ can improve job prospects. Some professionals also complete online master's programs in cybersecurity to advance their careers. Practical experience, continuous learning, and staying updated on emerging threats are essential to succeeding in this field.

What is the role of IT security?

IT security focuses on protecting computer systems, networks, and data from cyber threats. This includes implementing security measures, monitoring for vulnerabilities, and responding to security incidents. IT security specialists also develop policies to prevent unauthorized access and ensure compliance with regulations. Their role is critical in preventing data breaches, protecting sensitive information, and maintaining the overall integrity of an organization's digital infrastructure.

What does an ICT security specialist do?

An ICT security specialist is responsible for securing an organization’s information and communication technology (ICT) systems. This includes assessing vulnerabilities, implementing firewalls, and monitoring network activity to detect and prevent cyber threats. They work closely with IT teams to develop security protocols and ensure that employees follow best practices. ICT security specialists also play a role in disaster recovery planning, ensuring that data can be restored in case of a cyberattack or system failure.

Is coding necessary for a career in IT security?

Coding is not always required for IT security, but it can be a valuable skill. Many security roles focus on policy enforcement, risk assessment, and compliance, which do not require programming. However, knowledge of languages like Python, Java, or C++ can be helpful for tasks such as penetration testing, malware analysis, and security automation. While coding is not mandatory for all positions, it can provide a competitive advantage, especially for roles in ethical hacking, security engineering, and threat analysis.

References:

Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024). Occupational employment and wages, May 2023 - 15-1212 information security analysts. U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved March 30, 2025, from BLS.
IBM. (2024). Cost of a data breach report 2024. Retrieved March 30, 2025, from IBM.
IBM. (2024, May 24). What is a data breach? Retrieved March 30, 2025, from IBM.
SOCRadar. (2024, September 25). CISO 2024: Top 10 statistics and trends. Retrieved March 30, 2025, from SOCRadar.
World Economic Forum. (2025, January). Global cybersecurity outlook 2025. Retrieved March 30, 2025, from World Economic Forum.